Q: Explain the term Trophic Efficiency. What is the normal trophic efficiency? Give several reasons why it is never 100%.

The hypothesis b and d are Null hypothesis while hypothesis a, c, and e are Alternative hypothesis.

Null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis are two types of statistical inferences. Hypothesis testing is the process of testing the hypothesis. A hypothesis test is a statistical test that determines whether there is sufficient evidence in a sample of data to infer that a certain condition is true for the entire population. The null hypothesis is a statement that is assumed to be true unless sufficient evidence indicates otherwise. An alternative hypothesis is a statement that is accepted when the null hypothesis is rejected.

Given below are identification of each hypothesis as null hypothesis or alternative hypothesis:

a. Hypothesis: The number of hours that grade school children spend doing homework predicts their future success on standardized tests is more appropriate as alternative hypothesis.

b. Hypothesis: King cheetahs on average run the same speed as standard spotted cheetahs is more appropriate as null hypothesis.

c. Hypothesis: The mean length of African elephant tusks has changed over the last 100 years is more appropriate as alternative hypothesis.

d. Hypothesis: The risk of facial clefts is equal for babies born to mothers who take folic acid supplements compared with those from mothers who do not is more appropriate as null hypothesis.

e. Hypothesis: Caffeine intake during pregnancy affects mean birth weight is more appropriate as alternative hypothesis.

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The following are thought to be key requirements for a world to have life are a. a source of molecules from which to build living cells and c. a source of energy to fuel metabolism.

In addition to these two primary requirements, there are several other factors that are also thought to be important for a world to support life. These include a liquid medium, strong sunlight to power photosynthesis, and a thick atmosphere. Life on Earth has adapted to a wide variety of environments, ranging from the hot and dry deserts to the cold and dark deep ocean.

However, there are certain key requirements that all living organisms share. These requirements include a source of molecules from which to build living cells and a source of energy to fuel metabolism. Without these two things, life as we know it would not be possible on Earth or any other planet.

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When seabirds ingest fish, about 10 percent of the fish's energy is transmitted to the seabirds. Thus, the last option is correct.

When sea birds eat fish, about 10 percent of the energy from the fish is ingested by the sea birds.

This is the most accurate statement about how the amount of energy changes as it flows from one trophic level to the next in the marine food web shown. It is known as the 10% rule, which states that only about 10% of the energy available in one trophic level is transferred to the next trophic level. This is due to the loss of energy as heat and metabolic processes in the organism. Therefore, as energy is transferred from fish to sea birds, only about 10% of the fish's energy is available to the sea birds.

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The number of chromosomes in a normal gamete for this organism would be 36.

The total number of chromatids observed by the research scientist during mitotic prophase is 72. Each chromatid represents one half of a replicated chromosome, so the total number of replicated chromosomes in the cell would be 72/2 = 36.

Since the organism is diploid, it contains two sets of chromosomes, so the total number of chromosomes in a somatic cell would be 2 x 36 = 72.

During meiosis, a diploid cell undergoes two rounds of cell division to produce four haploid cells, each containing half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

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Answer:

By using genetic engineering to insert the gene for the desired enzyme into the bacterial chromosome, then growing large amounts of the modified bacteria in fermenters.

Explanation:

Answer:

Bacteria such as fungi or algae are inserted in fermenter and feedstock such as glucose, amino acid, sucrose are inserted to be a source of food for them.

Then they are left for a time for the bacteria to reproduce more and to produce more enzymes in their cells, Then if the enzymes are extracellular they are extracted directly from the filtrate, if they are intercellular they are separated from the feedstock and crushed to be separated with any solvent such as water.

By using genetic engineering to insert the gene for the desired enzyme into the bacterial chromosome, then growing large amounts of the modified bacteria in fermenters.

Explanation:

An increase in the levels of fossil fuels results in higher carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. So the correct option is C.

The components of fossil fuels are decaying plants and animals. These fuels may be burnt to provide energy and can be found in the crust of the Earth. An example of fossil fuel is coal, as well as oil and natural gas.

Coal is a substance that is typically found in sedimentary rock formations, which are collections of rock, dead plant and animal materials, and layers of silt. A chunk of coal must contain more than 50% fossilized plant material.

Shale is one sedimentary rock type that contains oil in its native form. The thick oil that may be used to generate gasoline is created by heating this substance. Typically, pockets of natural gas can be found atop oil deposits. Additionally, sedimentary rock strata devoid of oil might contain it. Methane is the main component of natural gas.

Therefore, an increase in the burning of fossil fuels will result in higher carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere. So the correct option is C.

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Answer:

the fertilizers contain nitrogen potassium and phosphorus . this makes the plants and algae grow faster

Explanation:

Fertilizers supply plants with the elements that may be missing or in short supply in a form that can be used by the plants for faster growth. Most fertilizers supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

The dna polymerase that is synthesizing the lagging strand stay bound to its template dna strand and coordinate with the dna polymerase on the leading strand is DNA polymerase on the leading strand attaches to DNA polymerase on the trailing strand.

DNA replication is the process of doubling the DNA chain assisted by DNA polymerase before mitosis or meiosis I in the S phase of the cell cycle. The DNA is made of two strands and each strand of the parent cell acts as a template for the production of complementary strands.

The lagging strand is the synthesized DNA strand and is located in the 5'→3' direction at the replication fork. During the replication process, nucleotides will be added to the end of the sugar from the Okazaki fragment with the help of DNA ligase enzymes. In order for the lagging strand to remain attached to the template DNA strand, the DNA polymerase on the leading strand attaches to the DNA polymerase on the trailing strand.

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Answer:

Bony Fish

Explanation:

i got it right on my test!

Answer:

Bony fish

Explanation:

I got it right on edge

Answer:

blood cell

Explanation:

blood cell,nerve cell and kidney cells all develop

Answer:

whats all of the possible answers?  i can only see up to C

Explanation:

Answer:

E.predation

Explanation:

ito po yung answer ko last week ehh

Answer:

yes

Explanation:

the first sounds herd at cuff pressure is 10 to 12 mm Hg

The anabolic process that produces carbohydrate molecules which are later catabolized in aerobic cellular respiration to extract energy is called photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants, algae, and some bacteria convert sunlight, carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) into glucose (a form of sugar) and oxygen (O2). It is a fundamental biological process that sustains life on Earth by capturing solar energy and converting it into chemical energy stored in the form of carbohydrates.

The process of photosynthesis occurs in specialized cell structures called chloroplasts, primarily found in the leaves of plants. Within the chloroplasts, chlorophyll, a pigment that gives plants their green color, absorbs light energy from the sun. Photosynthesis can be divided into two main stages: the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions, also known as the Calvin cycle.

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Answer:

circulatory and excretory

Explanation:

The two systems that are most likely to interact when a person feels itchy from a skin irritant are the nervous system and the immune system.

In general, itching is a signal sent by nerves from the skin to the brain after the immune system releases substances - such as histamine - in response to irritation.

With this information, we can conclude that the two systems that are most likely to interact when a person feels itchy from a skin irritant are the nervous system and the immune system.

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Answer:

yeah the 2nd one is shampoo

Explanation:

please mark me as a brainly

There was a time when I was giving a presentation to a group of colleagues and I felt like one of them was trying to discredit me in front of everyone. They kept interrupting me and questioning everything I was saying, making me feel attacked and undermined.

Initially, my response was to get defensive and push back, which only made the situation worse. I realized that I needed to take a step back and try to understand why this person was behaving this way. After the presentation, I approached them and asked if we could have a private conversation. During our conversation, I tried to listen to their concerns and address them in a constructive way. I also made sure to communicate my own thoughts and feelings in a calm and respectful manner. By doing so, I was able to turn the situation around and create a more positive and supportive climate. Looking back, I could have otherwise responded by ignoring their behavior or becoming more aggressive. However, those approaches would have only escalated the situation and made it even more difficult to find a resolution. By taking the time to understand the other person's perspective and communicate effectively, I was able to diffuse the tension and create a more productive environment for everyone involved. In conclusion, when we feel like we're under attack, it's important to stay calm and try to understand the other person's perspective. By doing so, we can create a more positive and supportive climate, even in the midst of a challenging situation. It's all about finding constructive ways to communicate and work through our differences, rather than allowing our emotions to take over.

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Answer:

I will attempt to answer your question.

When the marathon runner begins to run there is the need for increased circulation for blood, nutrients,oxygen,etc to reach vital centers of the body, as an adaptation to the increased muscular activity. Baroreceptors in the coronary artery and the arch of the aorta detect the increase in blood pressure(this becomes the stimulus) and send signals to the brain (control center) that is the cardiac center located in the medulla oblongata. The motor response goes to the smooth muscles of the blood vessels to dilate and for the heart to beat faster. This is one way

Also, the respiratory rate needs to increase so that there will be enough supply of oxygen and removal of CO2 and this is controlled by the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. So the person begins to breathe faster in order to produce more glucose. There is increased glycogenolysis to quickly convert glycogen (by glucagon) into glucose. This will avail enough energy for the brain and cardinal organs. This is two

Again, as the runner runs, excess heat build up must be reduced which is achieved through sweating so that the body begins to cool down or regulate it's temperature. This is three

There's a lot more...

Answer:

when you try to stand or stretch your legs to relieve the discomfort.

Explanation:

n turn, the brain directs a response through the spinal cord, which sends impulses through the motor neurons. In turn, the motor neurons direct the muscles to execute the response. The end result is when you try to stand or stretch your legs to relieve the discomfort.

The body's different parts interact to stop the pain at the time when we try to stand or the legs should be stretched for relieving the discomfort.

The brain directs the response via the spinal cord that sends the impulses through the motor neurons.

And, then the motor neurons should direct the muscles for executing the response.

Therefore, try to stand or the legs should be stretched for relieving the discomfort.

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two thirds

Explanation:

Answer:

The answer is Ribosome

Explanation:

:)

Answer:

Ribosome.

Explanation: Edge2023

The body needs various nutrients and substances to survive. These nutrients can be classified into three categories: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.

Below is a detailed description of the three major categories and their metabolism.

Carbohydrates: Carbohydrates are one of the essential nutrients needed by the body to survive. Carbohydrates are stored in the body as glycogen and are primarily used as a source of energy. Carbohydrates are metabolized into glucose, which is then transported throughout the body by the blood. Carbohydrates are metabolized through glycolysis, a process that occurs in the cytoplasm of the cells. If the body's metabolic requirements for carbohydrates are not met, it can result in hypoglycemia.

Proteins: Proteins are another essential nutrient needed by the body to survive. Proteins are primarily used for building and repairing body tissues and organs. Proteins are metabolized into amino acids, which are then transported throughout the body by the blood. Proteins are metabolized through a process called protein synthesis, which occurs in the ribosomes of the cells. If the body's metabolic requirements for proteins are not met, it can result in muscle atrophy and other health issues.

Fats: Fats are a necessary nutrient needed by the body to survive. Fats are stored in the body as adipose tissue and are primarily used for energy storage. Fats are metabolized into fatty acids, which are then transported throughout the body by the blood. Fats are metabolized through a process called beta-oxidation, which occurs in the mitochondria of the cells.

If the body's metabolic requirements for fats are not met, it can result in a deficiency of essential fatty acids.

Metabolites have an important role in fluid regulation. Metabolites are the byproducts of metabolic processes, and they play a crucial role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Metabolites such as urea and ammonia are excreted from the body through urine, which helps to regulate fluid levels in the body. Additionally, metabolites such as lactic acid and carbon dioxide help to regulate the pH levels of the body's fluids, which is important for maintaining optimal health.

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The study titled “Role of Transcriptional Activation of I kappa B alpha in Mediation of Immunosuppression by Glucocorticoids” was conducted by Scheinman et al. (1995) and published in Science.

In this study, the researchers aimed to investigate the role of transcriptional activation of IκBα, a protein that inhibits the transcription factor NF-κB, in the immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids.

The study found that glucocorticoids mediate immunosuppression by inducing the transcriptional activation of IκBα.

This, in turn, leads to the inhibition of NF-κB and a decrease in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. The researchers suggest that these findings may have implications for the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs that target the NF-κB pathway.

This study provides valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of glucocorticoid-mediated immunosuppression and may help to inform the development of new therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.

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To answer the question what is 77800000 in scientific notation let’s recall how to convert 77800000 to scientific notation as detailed on our home page.

When you split the number 77800000 into a coefficient and a power of 10 you do get 77800000 in exponential form, but there is an indefinite number of possibilities.

As you probably want 77800000 in normalized scientific notation, the coefficient or significand of 77800000 in scientific notation must be in the interval [1,10[.

As there are many ways to express 77800000 in scientific notation, in this post we mean 77800000 in normalized scientific notation, unless stated otherwise. Therefore:

77800000 in scientific notation = 7.78 × 107.

Answer:

yoo im just now learning about this

i think u just move the decimal right? so it would 7.8 with a power of 10^7?

Explanation:

Explanation:

Answer:

C. Compound Light Microscope

Explanation:

The notation TT for the trait of a plant height, the correct option is (b) homozygous genotype.

The parts of an organism's genome that make up its genotype. The set of alleles or genetic variations that a person possesses inside a certain gene or genetic area is also referred to as their genotype.

Tallness (T) is more prevalent than shortness (S) in pea plants (t). In the case of a cross between a homozygous short plant and a heterozygous tall plant. White flowers are subordinate to purple blossoms. Purple flowers that are heterozygous for both colours are crossed.

Both parents have the Tt genotype. As a result, both parents will produce T and t gametes. Three different genotypes TT, Tt, and tt in the ratio 1:2:1 could be present in the offspring resulting from this cross. That tallness is the dominant characteristic, the phenotype of offspring with genotypes TT and Tt will be tall.

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