Proton 1 moves with a speed from the east coast to the west coast in the continental United States; proton 2 moves with the same speed from the southern United States toward Canada. (a) Is the magnitude of the magnetic force experienced by proton 2 greater than, less than, or equal to the force experienced by proton (b) Choose the best explanation from among the following: I. The protons experience the same force because the magnetic field is the same and their speeds are the same. II. Proton 1 experiences the greater force because it moves at right angles to the magnetic field. III. Proton 2 experiences the greater force because it moves in the same direction as the magnetic field.

(i)Therefore, it takes approximately 9.27 hours to reach its full power output.(ii)It is necessary to have quick-start power sources, this helps maintain a stable and reliable electricity supply even when wind speeds fluctuate.(c)The Bremsstrahlung effect needs to be considered to ensure proper radiation protection.(d) The near-field region is characterized by strong electric and magnetic fields while the far-field region represents the radiation zone.

(i) To calculate the time it takes for the power station to reach its full power output, we can use the formula:

Energy = Power × Time

Given that the power station generates 6120 MWh of energy over a 10-hour period and the rated power at full capacity is 660 MW, we can rearrange the formula to solve for time:

Time = Energy ÷ Power

Converting the energy to watt-hours (Wh):

Energy = 6120 MWh × 1,000,000 Wh/MWh = 6,120,000,000 Wh

Converting the power to watt-hours (Wh):

Power = 660 MW × 1,000,000 Wh/MW = 660,000,000 Wh

Now we can calculate the time:

Time = 6,120,000,000 Wh ÷ 660,000,000 Wh ≈ 9.27 hours

Therefore, it takes approximately 9.27 hours (or 9 hours and 16 minutes) for the power station to reach its full power output.

(ii) The type of power station that can be started up fastest is a gas-fired power station. Gas-fired power stations can reach full power output relatively quickly because they use natural gas combustion to produce energy.

In contrast, other types of power stations, such as coal-fired or nuclear power stations, have longer start-up times. Coal-fired power stations require time to heat up the boiler and generate steam, while nuclear power stations need to go through a complex series of procedures to ensure safe and controlled nuclear reactions.

This is relevant to optimizing the usage of windfarms because wind power is intermittent and dependent on the availability of wind. This helps maintain a stable and reliable electricity supply even when wind speeds fluctuate.

(c) The Bremsstrahlung effect is a phenomenon that occurs when charged particles, such as electrons, are decelerated or deflected by the electric fields of atomic nuclei or other charged particles. As a result, they emit electromagnetic radiation in the form of X-rays or gamma rays.

In shielding design, the Bremsstrahlung effect needs to be considered to ensure proper radiation protection. These materials effectively absorb and attenuate the emitted X-rays and gamma rays, reducing the exposure of individuals to harmful radiation.

(d) The electromagnetic field output from an antenna can be represented by two main regions:

Near-field region: This region is closest to the antenna and is also known as the reactive near-field. It extends from the antenna's surface up to a distance typically equal to one wavelength. In the near-field region, the electromagnetic field is characterized by strong electric and magnetic field components.

Far-field region: Also known as the radiating or the Fraunhofer region, this region extends beyond the near-field region.The electric and magnetic fields are perpendicular to each other and to the direction of propagation.  The far-field region is further divided into the "Fresnel region," which is closer to the antenna and has some characteristics of the near field, and the "Fraunhofer region," which is farther away and exhibits the properties of the far-field.

The transition between the near-field and the far-field regions is gradual and depends on the antenna's size and operating frequency. The size of the antenna and the distance from it determine the boundary between these regions.

In summary, the near-field region is characterized by strong electric and magnetic fields, while the far-field region represents the radiation zone where the energy is radiated away as electromagnetic waves.

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Coastal engineering projects involve the design and construction of structures to manage and protect coastal areas from erosion, floods, and other natural hazards.

In a wave approaching perpendicular to a 500 m long breakwater, the height of the wave on the backside at a distance of 250 m from one of the ends can be estimated using wave transformation principles.

However, the height of the wave at a distance of 60 m from one of the edges along a 60-degree angle with the breakwater requires additional information, such as wave direction and wave transformation equations, to provide an accurate estimate.

For a wave in water that is 15 m deep with a period of 11 s and a height of 1.4 m, the water particle velocity and pressure at a point 0 m ahead of the wave crest and 2 m below the still water level can be calculated using wave theory equations. The horizontal and vertical displacement of the water particle orbit at this point can also be determined using the properties of wave motion and particle orbits.

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Answer:

a) true

Explanation:

True, the depth of the troposphere over Ecuatorian regions is about 18 kilometers and 17 kilometers in the middle latitudes, whereas it is just 6 kilometers over the polar regions.  

The correct answer is option A, it is proportional to the mass of the object. The buoyant force on a fully submerged object is not directly proportional to the mass of the object. Instead, it is determined by the volume of the object and the density of the fluid.

According to Archimedes' principle, the buoyant force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. This means that when an object is submerged in a fluid, it displaces a certain volume of fluid, and the buoyant force acting on the object is equal to the weight of that displaced fluid.

The buoyant force is always directed upward because it opposes the force of gravity. This is why objects appear lighter when submerged in a fluid.

Lastly, the buoyant force is proportional to the volume of the object. The more volume an object has, the more fluid it displaces, resulting in a greater buoyant force acting on it.

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The **value** of the current in the given resistive circuit with a 20V battery on the left side, a 10V battery on the right side, and a 10Ω resistor will be **1 Amp**. The **conventional direction** of the current will be **from left to right**.

To determine the current in the circuit, we can use Ohm's Law, which states that the current (I) flowing through a resistor is equal to the voltage (V) across the resistor divided by the resistance (R). In this case, the total voltage is 20V - 10V = 10V, and the resistance is 10Ω. Thus, the current is 10V / 10Ω = 1 Amp.

The conventional direction of current is defined as the direction of positive charge flow. In this case, since the positive voltage is on the upside for both batteries, the current will flow from the higher potential (20V) to the lower potential (10V), which corresponds to a left-to-right direction. Therefore, the current in the circuit will be 1 Amp flowing from left to right.

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The F-ratio for an analysis of variance comparing three treatments with n=10 in each treatment would have degrees of freedom equal to 2 (between-groups) and 27 (within-groups), not df = 2, 29 as mentioned in the question.

The F-ratio for an analysis of variance comparing three treatments with n=10 in each treatment having df=2, 29:

1. In an ANOVA test, the F-ratio is calculated by comparing the variation between the treatment means (between-groups variation) to the variation within each treatment group (within-groups variation).

2. The degrees of freedom (df) are important for determining the critical value of the F-ratio, which is used to assess the statistical significance of the test results.

3. The degrees of freedom for the numerator (between-groups) is calculated as (number of treatments - 1), which in this case is (3 - 1) = 2.

4. The degrees of freedom for the denominator (within-groups) is calculated as (total number of observations - number of treatments), which in this case is (3 * 10 - 3) = 27.

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A

Mercury has the least substantial atmosphere among the given planets.

Mercury, the closest planet to the Sun, has a very thin and tenuous atmosphere. Its atmosphere consists mainly of atoms and molecules that have been blasted off its surface by the solar wind, rather than being generated from internal processes like on Earth. The atmosphere on Mercury is extremely sparse, with a surface pressure about 1 trillion times lower than Earth's atmospheric pressure.

Due to its weak gravitational pull, Mercury is unable to retain a significant atmosphere compared to other planets in the list.Among the given options, Mercury has the least substantial atmosphere

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Answer:

Cornhole

Explanation:

Answer:

\(v_c_a_n_o_e=-1.6m/s^{2}\)

Explanation:

You can use the equation of the conservation of momentum. We find that the velocity of the canoe is -1.6m/s².

\(m_1v_1+m_2v_2=0\\(49)(1.5)+(46)(v_c_a_n_o_e)=0\\73.5 + 46v_c_a_n_o_e=0\\46v_c_a_n_o_e = -73.5\\v_c_a_n_o_e = -73.5/46 = -1.6m/s^{2} \\\)

According to the question of magnetic field, the angular speed of the coil if the maximum emf produced is 3.00×10 is approximately 196.55 rad/s.

The angular speed of the coil can be calculated using the equation: ω = (EMF) / (N × B) where ω is the angular speed in radians per second, EMF is the electromotive force (maximum emf produced), N is the number of turns in the coil, and B is the magnetic field strength.

Substituting the given values, we have: ω = (3.00×10² V) / (190 turns × 8.70×10⁻² T)

Calculating this expression, we find: ω ≈ 196.55 rad/s

Therefore, the angular speed of the coil is approximately 196.55 rad/s.

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Answer:

C. 199.9 s

Explanation:

3 minutes = 3×60 = 180 seconds.

the turtle moves in that time 180×10 = 1800 cm.

in other words the rabbit gave it that much head-start (it does not matter if that was at the begin of in the middle of the race).

the rabbit moves with 10×10cm/s = 100cm/s.

the rabbit needs therefore 1800/100 = 18 seconds for the

1800 cm.

at that time the turtle has added another 18×10 = 180 cm.

for which the rabbit needs 180/100 = 1.8 seconds.

during that time the turtle has added 1.8×10 = 18 cm.

and so on.

in formal mathematics this looks like this :

1800 + 10x = 100x

after x seconds of the rabbit running both will have run the same distance, and it is a tie.

1800 = 90x

x = 20 seconds

so, at that point, the rabbit was actively running for 20 seconds and raced 20×100 = 2000 cm

and the turtle was actively running for 180 + 20 = 200 seconds, and also covered 200×10 = 2000 cm.

but our question tells us that the turtle won by 10 cm.

so, the race was over a little bit before these 200 seconds (for a tie).

this means, the rabbit could not run the last 10 cm for the tie (because the race was over and the turtle had won).

the rabbit would have needed 10/100 seconds for these 10 cm.

as speed = distance/time

we need to divide distance by speed

distance/1 / distance/time

to get time.

so,

10cm/1 / 100cm/s = 10s/100 = 1/10 s

so, we need to deduct this 1/10 s from the 200 seconds of the turtle (and also from the 20 seconds for the rabbit).

the race lasted of course the whole time the turtle was running (while the rabbit was resting, officially still participating in the race with speed 0 for 3 minutes).

and so, the race was 199.9 s long.

the atomic radius get bigger.

this is because as you add more electrons to an anion the electrons get farther apart.

they do this because they don't like each other so when you add more they need more space to stay away from each other

Answer:

Uniform Motion

Explanation:

When an object travels equal distances (in this case displacement) in equal intervals of time, it is said to be in uniform motion.

El calentamiento del instrumento viento antes de un concierto asegura que todos los instrumentos estén afinados y existan un mejor sonido, debido al cambio de frecuencia del instrumentos por los cambios de velocidad del aire debido al cambio de temperatura

Los instrumentos musicales trabajan por procesos de resonancia, ya sean de cuerda o viento; en los instrumentos de viento la frecuencia que emites esta dada por la relación  

                   fₙ = \(n \ \frac{v_s}{2L}\)    n = 1, 2, 3, ...

Donde f es la frecuencia emitida, L la longitud del tubo n es una constante entera y v_s es la velocidad del sonido

La velocidad del sonido en el aire depende de la temperatura del aire, según la relacion          

               vs = vo + 0,6 T  

Donde v₀ es la temperatura del aire a 0ºC, v₀ = 331 m/s y T la temperatura en grados centígrados.

De esta dos expresiones podemos ver que la frecuencia que emite el instrumento de viento depende  de la temperatura del aire, además en los instrumentos con boquilla la frecuencia de resonancia de la boquilla también depende de la temperatura de la boquilla que por ser liviana cambia fácilmente.

En conclusión el calentamiento del instrumento antes de un concierto asegura que todos los instrumentos estén afinados y existan un mejor sonido, debido al cambio de frecuencia del instrumentos por los cambios de velocidad del aire debido al cambio de temperatura

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If the isotope has a half-life of 1150 years, this means that every 1150 years the amount of the isotope is halved. After one half-life, the amount is reduced to 1/2, after two half-lives it is reduced to 1/4, after three half-lives it is reduced to 1/8, and so on.

To determine how many years are required for the isotope to decay to 25% of its original amount, we need to determine how many half-lives it takes to get from 100% to 25%.

25% is the same as 1/4, so we need to determine how many times we need to halve the original amount to get to 1/4.

1/4 = (1/2)^n, where n is the number of half-lives

Solving for n:

n = log(1/4) / log(1/2)

n = 2

This means that it takes two half-lives for the isotope to decay to 25% of its original amount.

Since the half-life is approximately 1150 years, the time required for two half-lives is approximately:

2 x 1150 years = 2300 years

Therefore, it would take approximately 2300 years for a given amount of this isotope to decay to 25% of that amount.

The Ptolemaic model was a geocentric model of the Solar System developed by the ancient Greek astronomer, mathematician, and geographer Claudius Ptolemy.

According to this model, the Earth was at the center of the universe, and all the other celestial bodies revolved around it. Each planet in the Ptolemaic model was believed to move along a circular path called an "epicycle," which was centered on a point called the "deferent." The deferent, in turn, moved along a circular path around the Earth, called the "eccentric." The epicycle's center moved along the deferent at a constant rate, which gave the appearance of retrograde motion of the planet relative to the Earth. The Ptolemaic model was a complex and intricate system that required numerous epicycles, deferents, and eccentrics to explain the observed motions of the planets. While it was able to account for some of the observed planetary motions with reasonable accuracy, it had limitations and inaccuracies that became apparent as observations became more precise over time.

Here,

Eventually, the Ptolemaic model was replaced by the heliocentric model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus, which placed the Sun at the center of the Solar System and explained the observed motions of the planets more accurately.

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The non-conservative work done on the boy is 1.34569 kJ.

Non-conservative work is work done on an object by a force that depends on the path taken between the initial and final positions. To find the non conservative work done on the boy, we need to calculate the change in his mechanical energy due to non conservative forces. The mechanical energy of the boy is the sum of his kinetic energy and potential energy:

E = K + U

where K is the kinetic energy and U is the potential energy.

At the start of the wave, the boy has only kinetic energy, which we can calculate as:

K1 = \(0.5 * m * v1^2\)

= \(0.5 * 69.3 kg * (1.60 m/s)^2\)

= 88.96 J

where m is the mass of the boy and v1 is his initial speed.

When he drops through a height of 1.58 m, he loses potential energy equal to:

U1 - U2 = m * g * h

= \(69.3 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 * 1.58 m\)

= 1059.18 J

where g is the acceleration due to gravity and h is the height of the drop.

At the end of the drop, the boy has both kinetic and potential energy, which we can calculate as:

K2 = \(0.5 * m * v2^2\)

= \(0.5 * 69.3 kg * (8.51 m/s)^2\)

= 2493.83 J

U2 = m * g * h

= \(69.3 kg * 9.81 m/s^2 * 0\)

= 0 J

where v2 is his final speed.

Therefore, the initial mechanical energy of the boy is:

E1 = K1 + U1

= 88.96 J + 1059.18 J

= 1148.14 J

The final mechanical energy of the boy is:

E2 = K2 + U2

= 2493.83 J + 0 J

= 2493.83 J

The change in mechanical energy is:

ΔE = E2 - E1

= 2493.83 J - 1148.14 J

= 1345.69 J

This represents the work done on the boy by non conservative forces, so we can convert it to kilojoules:

ΔE = 1.34569 kJ

Therefore, the non conservative work done on the boy is 1.34569 kJ.

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The statement " If water is heated, then it will turn to steam" is an example of a conclusion, therefore the correct answer is option B .

Science is the methodical, empirically-based pursuit and application of knowledge and understanding of the natural and social worlds .

A method of learning about the world is science .

Thus, the statement " If water is heated, then it will turn to steam" is an example of a conclusion, therefore the correct answer is option B .

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The effect that the magnetic field has on the speed of the particle is dependent on a variety of factors, such as the charge of the particle, the strength of the magnetic field, and the orientation of the magnetic field relative to the motion of the particle.

When a charged particle is in a magnetic field, it experiences a force perpendicular to both the field direction and the particle's velocity. This force is known as the Lorentz force. Furthermore, the speed of the particle can be altered by a magnetic field if it is traveling at an angle to the direction of the field. The force produced by the magnetic field can cause the particle to move in a circular or helical path, and the magnitude of this force is proportional to the particle's charge, the strength of the magnetic field, and the speed of the particle.

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Answer:

A) The person's body temperature T_final after equilibrium is attained = 36.85°C

B) The change in the person's temperature after equilibrium is attained = 0.15°C

A high-quality medical thermometer can measure temperature changes as small as 0.1°C, hence, YES, it would detect the minute drop by 0.15°C too.

Explanation:

If we assume that the soft drink has the same density as water (since it is stated in the question that it is mostly water).

Density of water = 1 g/mL = 1 kg/L

Ignoring any heating by the person's metabolism,

A) So, heat lost by the human body = heat gained by the soft drink as it attains thermal equilibrium with the human body

Let the final temperature of the human body + soft drink set up be T

Heat lost by the human body = mCΔT

m = mass of the human body = 70.0 kg

C = Specific heat capacity of the human body = 3480 J/kg.K

ΔT = Temperature change of the human body = 37 - (Final temperature) = 37 - T

Heat lost by the body = 70 × 3480 × (37 - T)

= (9,013,200 - 243,600T) J

Heat gained by soft drink = mCΔT

m = mass of the soft drink = density × volume = 1 × 0.355 = 0.355 kg

C = specific heat capacity of the soft drink = specific heat capacity of the soft drink = 4182 J/kg.K

ΔT = (final temperature) - 12 = (T - 12)

Heat gained by the soft drink = 0.355 × 4182 × (T - 12) = (1,484.61T - 17,815.32) J

heat lost by the human body = heat gained by the soft drink as it attains thermal equilibrium with the human body

(9,013,200 - 243,600T) = (1,484.61T - 17,815.32)

9,013,200 + 17,815.32 = 1,484.61T + 243,600T

9,031,015.32 = 245,084.61T

T = (9,031,015.32/245,084.61)

= 36.8485614825 = 36.85°C

B) The change in the person's temperature = 37 - 36.85 = 0.15°C

A high-quality medical thermometer can measure temperature changes as small as 0.1°C, hence it would detect the minute drop by 0.15°C too.

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The equilibrium temperature is required and to find whether the temperature change can be measured by a thermometer is required.

The temperature is 310 K.

Yes, the thermometer can measure the temperature difference.

\(m_1\) = Mass of person = 70 kg

\(c_1\) = Specific heat of person = 3480 J/kg K

T = Equilibrium temperature

\(T_1\) = Temperature of person = \(37\ ^{\circ}\text{C}+273.15 =310.15\ \text{K}\)

\(1\ \text{L}=1\ \text{kg}\) of water

\(m_2\) = Mass of water = \(0.355\ \text{kg}\)

\(c_2\) = Specific heat of soft drink mostly water = \(4186\ \text{J/kg K}\)

\(T_2\) = Temperature of soft drink = \(12\ ^{\circ}\text{C}=285.15\ \text{K}\)

The heat equation is

\(m_1c_1(T-T_1)=m_2c_2(T_2-T)\\\Rightarrow m_1c_1T-m_1c_1T_1=m_2c_2T_2-m_2c_2T\\\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{m_2c_2T_2+m_1c_1T_1}{m_1c_1+m_2c_2}\\\Rightarrow T=\dfrac{0.355\times 4186\times 285.15+70\times 3480\times 310.15}{70\times 3480+0.355\times 4186}\\\Rightarrow T=310\ \text{K}\)

The temperature difference is \(T_1-T=310.15-310=0.15\ \text{K}=0.15\ ^{\circ}\text{C}\)

Yes, the thermometer can measure the temperature difference.

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Answer:

Because environmental history deals with some of the most important issues regarding the future of our planet. The hi/story of nature parks around the globe. understand the impact of humans on pollution and health. It opens our eyes for the scarcity of resources and for their conservation into the future.

Explanation:

:-)

Answer:

2ms-2

Explanation:

F = ma

a = F/m

= 0.5 / 0.25

= 2ms-2

Answer 2m/s^2

Explanation:

mass=0.25kg

Force =0.5N

Acceleration=force/ mass

Acceleration=0.5/0.25

Acceleration=2

Acceleration =2m/s^2

Answer:

1

Explanation:

The correct answer is decreases in the troposphere and increases in the stratosphere.

For this reason, the density of gases decreases as the distance from Earth's surface increases. Put another way, air pressure (i.e., density) decreases as altitude increases.

The temperature of a place decreases with increasing altitude from the earth's surface.

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Answer:

he density, or more precisely, the volumetric mass density, of a substance is its mass per unit volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ

Explanation:

 \(\huge\text{Graphs:}\)

The graph of  

• The I-V for Ohmic Metal wire conductor at constant temperature  always shows a straight line between the Current(I) plotted at Y axis and Voltage(V) plotted at X axis. Picture 1

• The I-V graph for Diode shows that first the current is zero but as we increase the potential difference(voltage), it results in the increase in the current. Picture 2

\(\Large\textbf{Diode:}\)  

A diode is a device that allows current to flow in only one direction.

\(\Large\textbf{Forward and Reverse Biasing:}\)  

Forward Bias, When a diode is forward bias (a voltage in the "forward" direction) then the P-side of the diode is attached to the positive terminal and N-side is fixed to the negative side of the battery which is connected, current flows freely through the device. The forward bias decreases the thickness of potential barrier(The potential barrier barrier in which the charge requires additional force for crossing the region)

Reverse Bias, When a diode is Reverse bias(a voltage in the "backward direction) then the P-side of the diode is connected to the negative terminal and N-side is connected to the positive terminal of the battery which is connected. The reverse bias increases the thickness of the potential barrier resulting in the flow of no current.

 \(\Large\textbf{Answer to the Question "Resistance"}\)

The Forward bias decreases the resistance of the diode whereas the reversed bias increases the resistance of the diode. As in forward biasing the current is easily flowing through the circuit whereas reverse bias does not allow the current to flow through it.

Activity diagrams are useful for understanding a use case because they provide a visual representation of the flow of activities and interactions within a system. They offer a clear and concise depiction of how different components and actors interact, making it easier to analyze and comprehend the behavior of the system.

Here are a few reasons why activity diagrams are beneficial for understanding a use case:

1. Visual representation: Activity diagrams use graphical notations to represent activities, actions, decisions, and flows. This visual representation helps stakeholders, including business analysts, developers, and users, to easily grasp the sequence of actions and understand the overall flow of the use case.

2. Clear steps and logic: Activity diagrams break down complex processes into simpler steps, showing the logical flow between them. This allows stakeholders to identify the order in which actions occur, understand decision points, and visualize how different activities are interconnected.

3. Exception handling: Activity diagrams can depict various decision points and alternative paths, including exception handling. This helps stakeholders understand how the system responds to different scenarios and exceptions, making it easier to identify potential issues and refine the use case.

4. Communication and collaboration: Activity diagrams serve as a communication tool that promotes collaboration between stakeholders. They provide a common language and visual representation that facilitates discussions, clarifies requirements, and ensures that everyone involved has a shared understanding of the use case.

Overall, activity diagrams help to simplify the complexity of a use case by visually representing its flow, logic, decision points, and exception handling, thereby enhancing understanding, communication, and collaboration among stakeholders.

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Answer: B

Explanation: positive and negative charges attract each other and get stronger as they get closer