Problem 15 (Diffusion across a membrane) Consider potassium ions crossing a biological membrane 10 nm thick. The diffusion coefficient for potassium in the membrane is 1.0 x 10-16 m²/s. (a) What is the net number of potassium ions per second that will move across an area 100 nm x 100 nm if the concentration difference across the membrane is maintained at 0.50 mol/liter? Give your answer in units of numbers of ions. (b) How would the flux of potassium ions change if we increased the area? (c) How would the flux of potassium ions change if we increased the membrane thickness?

Answer:

20 protons , 20 electrons and 20 neutrons

Answer:

Transition Metals

Explanation:

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Answer:

people as: it Is less expensive. easy to carry

Answer:

The renewable energy source among the options you provided is solar power (option C). Solar energy is derived from the sun and can be converted into electricity or used for heating and other applications. It is a clean and sustainable form of energy.

Explanation:

Based on the graph and the information provided, it can be stated another solution took place as there is a change in the properties of the substance.

The word "transmittance" refers to the ratio or in this case the percentage of light that can pass through a substance of object. This concept implies that if the tranmittance is 100% is beceuse 100% of the light is passing through the sample and 0% is of the light is being absorbed by it. In the same way if the transmittance is 20% is because the solution has likely become more dense and 80% of the light is being absorbed.

Considering the transmittance is directly related to concentration and density if there is a big change in the transmittance such as this returning to 100% it is likely because there was a chemical reaction that changed the properties (density) or concentrion of the sample.

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Answer:

4.4 × 10^-7

3 × 10^5

Explanation:

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The ratio between the energy and oxygen based on the equation is 683.5 KJ/mol

From the equation, we obtained the following:

Thus, the ratio of energy to oxygen is given as:

Energy / Oxygen = 1367 / 2

Energy / Oxygen = 683.5 KJ/mol

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Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a straight forward chromatographic technique that is widely used in the laboratory for separating organic compounds. TLC is a fast and simple method for determining the degree of purity of a compound and its reaction products.

Examples of how the results may be impacted are:-

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Explanation:

red, blue, yellow, white, black,

these are the primary colors. when mixed together they create other colors.

The result table indicate that A. The solute is a SOLID because it has a DECREASE in the amount dissolved as temperature decreases.

The solubility of a solid solute in a liquid solvent generally decreases as the temperature decreases. This is because the kinetic energy of the solute molecules decreases as the temperature decreases. As the kinetic energy of the solute molecules decreases, they are less likely to have enough energy to escape from the solution and enter the gas phase.

In the table, as the temperature decreases, the concentration of the solute in the solution decreases. This indicates that the solute is a solid and that the solubility of the solute decreases as the temperature decreases.

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Answer and Explanation:

Dipole-Dipole interactions are weaker than hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds are a form of dipole-dipole interactions, being the strongest form of dipole-dipole interactions.

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Answer:

It would transform the nitrogen atom to a carbon atom

Explanation:

Answer:

John Dalton

Explanation:

Answer:

John Dalton, an English chemist, inferred that atoms had certain characteristics. He began to propose an atomic the- ory and model for atoms. The main ideas of Dalton's theory are summarized in Figure 2. With only a few changes, Dalton's atomic theory is still accepted today.

Explanation:

The chemical reaction given, 2 Mg(s) + \(O_{2}\)(g) -> 2 MgO(s), belongs to the combination reaction class. This is because two or more substances (Mg and \(O_{2}\)) react to form a single product (MgO).

Ion exchange reactions involve the exchange of ions between two compounds and do not result in the formation of a new compound. Decomposition reactions involve the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler substances. Replacement reactions involve the replacement of an element in a compound by another element. However, in the given reaction, none of these processes occur.

The reaction 2 Mg(s) + \(O_{2}\)(g) -> 2 MgO(s) belongs to the combination reaction class. In a combination reaction, two or more elements or compounds react to form a single product. In this case, magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (\(O_{2}\)) combine to form magnesium oxide (MgO). This reaction is not an ion exchange, decomposition, or replacement reaction. An ion exchange involves swapping ions between two compounds, decomposition involves breaking down a compound into simpler substances, and replacement involves an element in a compound being replaced by another element.

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The reaction between magnesium (Mg) and silver (Ag) takes place in a cell, specifically in the anode compartment.

In this reaction, magnesium (Mg) is oxidized to Mg2+ ions, while silver ions (Ag+) are reduced to solid silver (Ag). The reaction can be represented as follows:

Mg(s) + 2Ag+(0.0001M) → Mg2+(aq) + 2Ag(s)

The cell in which this reaction occurs consists of an anode and a cathode compartment. The anode is where the oxidation of magnesium takes place, and the cathode is where the reduction of silver ions occurs.

The anode compartment typically contains the solid magnesium (Mg) electrode, while the cathode compartment contains the silver (Ag) electrode. The two compartments are separated by an electrolyte solution that allows the flow of ions between them.

During the reaction, magnesium atoms lose electrons at the anode and form magnesium ions (Mg2+). These ions then migrate through the electrolyte solution to the cathode compartment. At the cathode, silver ions (Ag+) gain electrons and are reduced to form solid silver (Ag).

This electrochemical reaction is driven by the movement of electrons from the anode to the cathode through an external circuit, creating a flow of current. The cell in which this reaction takes place allows for the controlled and efficient conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy.

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Answer:

2,760 grams NaCl

Explanation:

To find grams of NaCl, you need to (1) convert moles of Na to moles of NaCl (via mole-to-mole ratio from reaction) and (2) convert moles of NaCl to grams (via molar mass from periodic table). The final answer should have 3 significant figures based on the given measurement.

2 Na + Cl₂ --> 2 NaCl

Molar Mass (NaCl) = 22.99 g/mol + 35.45 g/mol

Molar Mass (NaCl) = 58.44 g/mol

47.2 moles Na           2 moles NaCl              58.44 grams

----------------------  x  ---------------------------  x  -------------------------  =
                                   2 moles Na                   1 mole NaCl

= 2,758.368 grams NaCl

= 2,760 grams NaCl

The volume of the piece of iron to the nearest cubic centimeter is 4473.6 cubic centimeter.

density = mass / volume

volume = mass/ density

            =35342/ 7.9

            =4473.6 cubic centimeter

The density of a substance indicates how dense it is in a given area. Mass per unit volume is the definition of a material's density. In essence, density is a measurement of how closely stuff is packed. It is a particular physical characteristic of a specific thing. The Greek scientist Archimedes made the discovery of the density principle. If you are familiar with the formula and the relevant units, calculating density is simple. The letter D can also be used to signify density instead of the symbol.

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Frequency =6.75×10^14s^{-1}

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \lambda=\dfrac{c}{v}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \lambda=\dfrac{3\times 10^8m/s}{6.75\times 10^{14}s^{-1}}\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \lambda=0.444\times 10^{-6}m\)

\(\\ \sf\longmapsto \lambda=0.4\mu m\)

Answer:

in the energy and in the principal quantum number (n)

Explanation:

the energy of 3s sub-shell is less than 4s sub-shell

and the principal quantum number of 3s sub-shell (n)= 3 but the principal quantum number of 4s sub-shell (n) = 4

Answer:

density = 5 g/ml

Explanation:

D=m/v. Mass=30g and Volume=6mL

SO solve for D when m = 30 and v = 6

D=m/v

D = 30/6

density = 5 g/ml

Spanish System is not the name of a measurement system.

WHAT IS A MEASUREMENT SYSTEM:

Therefore, the SPANISH system is not one of the measurement systems in use.

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Answer:

MgCl2

Explanation:

because of the salt containing Cl

The pressure in the cylinder after adding the helium is 0.873 atm.

We can use the ideal gas law to solve this problem. The ideal gas law states that:

PV = nRT

Since the temperature and volume of the gas are constant, we can simplify the ideal gas law to:

P1V = n1RT

P2V = (n1 + n2)RT

where P1 is the initial pressure of the gas, n1 is the initial number of moles of gas (6.38 mol of neon), n2 is the number of moles of gas added (3.22 mol of helium), and P2 is the final pressure of the gas.

P2 = (n1 + n2)RT/V

   = [(6.38 mol) + (3.22 mol)] * (0.0821 L*atm/mol*K) * (295 K) / V

   = 9.60 atm / V

To find V, we can use the fact that the volume is constant:

P1V = P2V

V = P1V/P2

 = (491 mm Hg) * (1 atm/760 mm Hg) * (22.4 L) / (9.60 atm)

 = 11.0 L

Now we can substitute V = 11.0 L into the expression for P2:

P2 = 9.60 atm / 11.0 L

   = 0.873 atm

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the equation for calculating density is m÷v

Here are the steps in chronological order concerning how to write an abbreviated electron configuration for an element:

1. Determine the atomic number of the element. This is the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom and is usually found on the periodic table.

2. Write the symbol of the previous noble gas in brackets. This represents the electron configuration of the noble gas, which is the closest complete energy level below the element in question.

3. Write the configuration for the remaining electrons after the noble gas. This is done by writing the number of electrons in each subshell, followed by the letter that represents the subshell (s, p, d, or f), and then a superscript to indicate the number of electrons in that subshell.

Check that the total number of electrons in the abbreviated configuration matches the atomic number of the element.

For example, to write the abbreviated electron configuration for oxygen (O), we would follow these steps:

Checking the total number of electrons, we have 2 + 4 = 6, which matches the atomic number of oxygen.

This way, you can write an abbreviated electron configuration for an element.

.

Approximately 19.68 liters of propane is required to produce 75.3 liters of water according to the given reaction.

To find out how much propane \((C_3H_8)\) is needed to produce 75.3 liters of water \((H_2O)\) according to the reaction described, we must first balance the equation:

\(C_3H_8 + 5O_2 --- > 3CO_2 + 4H_2O\)

The balanced equation shows that for every 4 moles of water produced, 1 mole of propane is consumed. As a result, we must first determine the moles of water and then use stoichiometry to convert those moles to moles of propane.

Given:

Volume of water = 75.3 liters

To calculate the moles of water, we can use the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

We can rearrange the equation to find the value of n (moles), assuming the gases are at the same temperature and pressure:

n = PV / RT

Where:

P is the pressure (in atm)

V is the volume (in liters)

R is the ideal gas constant (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K))

T is the temperature (in Kelvin)

Let's assume that the temperature is always 298 Kelvin or 25 °C. Additionally, since the question doesn't specify the pressure, we'll assume it's 1 atm, which is normal atmospheric pressure.

We can calculate the moles of water using these values:

n\((H_2O)\) = (75.3 L * 1 atm) / (0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 298 K) = 3.229 moles

The stoichiometry of the balanced equation states that for every 1 mole of propane used, 4 moles of water are formed. As a result, the required moles of propane can be determined as follows:

n\((C_3H_8)\) = (3.229 moles \(H_2O\)) / (4 moles \(C_3H_8\)) = 0.807 moles \(C_3H_8\)

Now, we can convert the moles of propane to volume using the ideal gas law:

V = nRT / P

We can determine the amount of propane using the same temperature and pressure as before:

V\((C_3H_8)\) = (0.807 moles * 0.0821 L·atm/(mol·K) * 298 K) / (1 atm) ≈ 19.68 liters

Therefore, approximately 19.68 liters of propane is required to produce 75.3 liters of water according to the given reaction.

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The existence of Oxygen as a diatomic element is as a result of the presence of 6 Valence electrons and as such, there's a need for a second atom in a bid to donate 2 electrons each in a covalent bond.

Oxygen, O2 is a diatomic element.

The element, Oxygen with atomic number 8, mass number 16 and electron configuration:

exists as a diatomic element.

The reason for this is because an Oxygen atom has 6 Valence electrons.

As such, it is 2 electrons short of it's octet state which requires 8 electrons.

This phenomenon above is therefore the reason why two oxygen atoms come together in a bid to share 2 out their six Valence electrons so that each atom attains an octet state.

Ultimately, the element Oxygen is a diatomic element and exists as O2.

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The comparison of the potential energy of the cars if they are stopped at points A to point D is C. Potential energy is stored energy, point D is taller so it has more stored energy.

Potential energy is the energy held by an object as a result of its position relative to other objects, internal stresses, electric charge, or other factors. Because any object lifted from its resting position has stored energy, it is referred to as potential energy because it has the potential to do work when released.

Kinetic energy is the energy that an object has as a result of its movement. If we want to accelerate an object, we must apply force to it. Using force requires us to put in effort. After work is completed, energy is transferred to the object, and the object moves at a new constant speed.

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The roller coaster is your favorite ride! but the line is always long! having just studied potential and kinetic energy in physics, you evaluate the energy changes of the cars as they move on the tracks. Compare the potential energy of the cars if they are stopped at points A to point D.

A. Neither have potential energy.

B. The potential energy is the same.

C. Potential energy is greatest at point D.

D. Potential energy is greatest at point A.