The answer is executive privilege. This is when the President and members of the executive branch can defy subpoenas by legislative and judicial branches. Presumption of privilege is use when privilege is qualified. In Nixon’s case, he only declared a generalized need for privilege but the court believed that the interest of obtaining the truth needed priority.
Explain the process by which a bill becomes law.
Answer:Both the House and Senate must approve the conference report. After both the House and Senate have approved a bill in identical form, it is sent to the president. If the president approves of the legislation, he signs it and it becomes law
Explanation:This should be the correct answer
Explanation:
if the NCOP passes the bill without amendments it goes to the president for his assent and signature and the bill then becomes law
PLEASE HELP WILL MARK BRAINLIEST!!:The history of conflict in South Africa begins at Its roots with the Dutch. In 4-6 sentences, analyze and explain the impact
of centuries of conflict within South Africa on modern society. Use examples to support your ideas.
Answer:
Ethnic, political and social tensions among European colonial powers, indigenous Africans, and English and Dutch settlers led to open conflict in a series of wars and revolts between and that would have lasting repercussions on the entire region of southern Africa. Pursuit of commercial empire as well as individual aspirations, especially after the discovery of diamonds and gold , were key factors driving these developments.
Mesopotamia (Why is Mesopotamia so crucial to world history?)
Draft your essay with a introduction, body paragraphs (2 paragraphs), and conclusion.
I can help you with the introduction only! although you should ask you’re teacher if it isn’t good or not (If you already did the introduction then I can give you a paragraph)
If you knew about Mesopotamia you would have known that back then it was one of the first places to have done agriculture, it is also known for its system of cuneiform, it is also known for inventing a lot of things like math, medicine, libraries, the zodiac, and astronomy. But those are just a few of things. There are many things Mesopotamia has done to be so important for world history.
(I had fixed up the introduction from I like blueberryham and now I will write the first paragraph or half of first paragraph)
If you knew about Mesopotamia you would know that back then it was one of the first places to have done a lot of things like being one of the first to have agriculture. it is also known for its cuneiform system and for inventing many things like math, medicine, libraries, the zodiac, and astronomy, still, those are just a few things Mesopotamia has done for world history and there are many more.
Going back to around 1800 BCE, Mesopotamia had tablets with writing on them. Back then Mesopotamia had a tradition at the time of calculation and mathematics. The tablets with the writing on them had multiplication and division tables, square and square root tables, and much more.
DELETE THIS ---> (you can continue this paragraph by saying how the information I wrote was very important to world history) I hope this is helpful if not I am sorry and please ask your teacher if this is ok so far I am sure she won´t mind since its only a draft essay
Consider the same imaginary government that took over yesterday. The government decrees that because of your religious faith, you and your family will be deported to another country to help rebuild their war damaged industries. The government promises the exile will be temporary and you and your family will be allowed to come back when the war ends. They said that you will be able to return and take possession of your home and other personal belongings once again.In the meantime, they have issued a warning that anyone caught attempting to escape or hid will be put to death.Write a short story that contains at least 2 paragraphs. The short story should be in the first person perspective of yourself in the scenario above. Drop us right into the action. You must use complete sentences and your story must have a plot.
As the sun dipped below the horizon, casting an eerie glow over the city, my family and I huddled together in our dimly lit living room. Fear hung heavy in the air, as news of the government's decree echoed through the streets. We were to be exiled, torn from the only life we had ever known, forced to rebuild war-damaged industries in a foreign land. Our crime? Our unwavering religious faith, deemed incompatible with the new regime's ideology.
With trembling hands, I clutched the faded photograph of my children, the last remnants of our once joyous existence. The government's promises of a temporary exile and the hope of returning home seemed frail in the face of the harsh warning that awaited those who dared to escape or hide. Death loomed like a specter, whispering its sinister message into every corner of our lives.
The morning arrived, casting its pale light through the curtained windows. The government's enforcers pounded on our door, their heavy boots resonating through the empty corridors. We exchanged tearful glances, silent pleas for strength. With heavy hearts, we surrendered ourselves to our captors, unsure of what awaited us beyond the borders we were about to cross. As we were led away, I looked back one last time, memorizing the contours of our home, the place that had witnessed our triumphs and sorrows, the sanctuary that held our cherished memories.
Days turned into weeks, and weeks into months. The foreign land greeted us with shattered buildings and scarred landscapes, a testament to the horrors of war. Our hands, once calloused by the tender touch of home, now toiled amidst the ruins, rebuilding what had been lost. We labored from dawn till dusk, our spirits battered but unbroken.
Amidst the rubble, a flicker of hope ignited within me. I remembered the government's promise of return, the reassurance that our sacrifices would not be in vain. It became our beacon, guiding us through the darkest of days. We poured our sweat and blood into the reconstruction, not just for the sake of the war-ravaged industries but for the chance to reclaim our lives, our home.
Years passed, and the war's echoes grew fainter. Finally, the day came when the government's grip loosened, and whispers of peace danced through the air. With bated breath, we awaited confirmation that we could return. And as the long-awaited news arrived, a surge of joy engulfed our weary souls. The moment had come to leave the foreign land behind, to embark on a journey back to our beloved homeland.
As we stepped foot on familiar soil, a wave of nostalgia washed over us. Our hearts swelled with gratitude and resilience. The scars of exile would forever mark us, a reminder of the sacrifices endured, but our determination to rebuild what was lost burned brighter than ever.
Gazing at our once desolate home, now standing tall and proud, I whispered a prayer of gratitude. The journey had been arduous, the risks unimaginable, but we had emerged from the crucible, stronger and more resilient. And as the door creaked open, revealing the forgotten treasures of our past, we stepped inside.
Answer:
In the quaint town of Haven brook, nestled amidst rolling hills and whispering forests, an air of mystery hung thick in the summer breeze. It was a place where legends were born and secrets whispered among the townsfolk. I found myself at the centre of an enigmatic tale, embarking on a journey that would unravel the truth hidden beneath the surface.
It all began when I stumbled upon an ancient parchment tucked away in the attic of my ancestral home. The weathered script spoke of a fabled treasure buried deep within the heart of the town, promising unimaginable riches and a power that could reshape destinies. Intrigued and fuelled by a longing for adventure, I delved into the shadows of Haven brook, determined to uncover the truth.
As I followed the cryptic clues etched within the parchment, the town revealed its hidden depths. Whispers of forgotten legends and untold stories echoed through the cobblestone streets, leading me to unlikely allies and treacherous adversaries. With each step, the line between reality and myth blurred, and I found myself caught in a web of deception and danger.
The journey became a test of wits and courage, as I unravelled the secrets of Haven brook's past. The townsfolk, initially wary of my presence, soon recognized my unwavering determination to unearth the truth. Together, we pieced together the fragments of a forgotten era, unearthing relics and lost artifacts that held the key to unlocking the treasure's location.
But as the final pieces fell into place, a sinister force emerged from the shadows, desperate to claim the power for themselves. Betrayal lurked around every corner, and I realized that the true treasure lay not in gold and jewels, but in the bonds forged through adversity and the resilience of the human spirit.
In a climactic showdown, we faced our nemesis, their greed fuelled by a thirst for dominance. With courage and unity, we stood against the darkness, determined to protect the legacy of Haven brook and preserve its secrets. The battle raged on, each side unleashing their hidden strengths, until finally, the light prevailed, and the treasure remained safeguarded, hidden once more from the world.
As the dust settled and peace restored, I returned to my humble existence in Haven brook, forever transformed by the journey. The legends and secrets of the town continued to weave their magic, reminding me of the power of curiosity and the enduring spirit of those who dare to seek the truth, no matter the cost.
What is the main point in City Life in the Late 19th Century?
Answer:
industrilization.
How were the Olmecs able to support a civilization and cities?
A. by implementing heavy taxes to raise public funds for each community
B. by constructing residential dwellings for the growing populations in its cities
C. by cultivating a surplus of food that could feed its large population
D. by developing a system of roadways to connect different communities
Answer:
Trading helped the Olmec build their urban centers of San Lorenzo and La Venta. These cities, however, were used predominantly for ceremonial purposes and elite activity; most people lived in small villages. Individual homes had a lean-to—sort of like a garage shed—and a storage pit for storing root vegetables nearby.
Explanation:
Question
How were the Olmecs able to support a civilization and cities?
Answer:
B
Step 1: Describe something about your own culture that a visitor might find different and interesting. Use very specific details―imagery that will help your reader see what it’s like to live where you do or how you do.
Step 2: Rewrite your answer as a poem. Arrange your sentences into lines and stanzas, and add any lines needed to help your poem make its message clear. Then, give your poem a title.
Answer:
welp i live in florida so i would write: the skies are painted with blue
and the ocean is tinted with a wonderful hue
the sun is oh so bright
that anyone would sqeal in delight
the world seems to come alive
as you see some bees in a hive
the plants become violets become blue
as they soak in the morning dew
so you see not every thing compares
because my cultire is something to be shared
Explanation: in florida there are many beaches and the sun feels very nice
(I will give brainliest) Which of the following Greek thinkers discovered the value of pi?
a. Archimedes of SyracuseWhich of the following Greek thinkers discovered the value of pi?
a. Archimedes of Syracuse
c. Eratosthenes
b. Eudlid
d. Aristarchus
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
A
B
C
D
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Archimedes of Syracuse
Answer:
I think it's Archimedes of Syracuse
How are the two ideas about migration to the Americas alike and different?
The two ideas about migration to the Americas that are both alike and different are, “All Americans are the same."
What is migration??Migration is the action of moving from one place to another for various purposes, such as education, employment, better life facilities, and so on. The place from which people move to some other place is known as a place of origin, whereas the place where people migrate to, is known as a place of destination.
The place of origin experiences a lack of a working and productive population because most people between the ages of 15 and 55 migrate in order to have better opportunities for education and work. On the other hand, the place of destination faces population pressure.
So, "All Americans are the same" is one of two concepts about immigration to the Americas that is both similar to and different from the other.
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The author of the passage would most likely agree that...
HELP ME ON THISSS
Answer:
D
Explanation:
The passage explains a scientific lab investigation to experiment with photosynthesis needed variables for plants to complete this action. D covers this overview of the passage.
Hope this helps!
Congress have raised the minimum wage in the state they represent, but people are still complaining. Congress comes together and decides to pass a new law. It that says the minimum amount of money a worker can make is increased to 15$ an hour.
What power(s) is congress using?
What line from the scenario supports your opinion?
If Congress have raised the minimum wage in the state they represent, but people are still complaining.
The power(s) that congress is using is: Power of lawmaking.The line from the scenario supports your opinion is: "Congress comes together and decides to pass a new law." What is the power that the congress is using?Based on the given scenario Congress is using the power of lawmaking.
The line in the scenario that supports this opinion is "Congress comes together and decides to pass a new law." This line indicates that Congress is making a new law, which is one of the key powers of the legislative branch in the US government. The power to make laws is one of the most important and far-reaching powers of the legislative branch, and it is exercised through the process of passing legislation.
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Explain what Adriaen van der Donck wanted New Amsterdam to become.
Explanation:
Van der Donck was born in approximately 1618, in the town of Breda in the southern Netherlands. His father was Cornelis Gijsbrechtszoon van der Donck and his mother was Agatha Van Bergen.[5] His family was well connected on his mother's side, as her father, Adriaen van Bergen, was remembered as a hero for having helped free Breda from Spanish forces during the course of the Eighty Years' War.[6]
In 1638, van der Donck entered the University of Leiden as a law student. Leiden had rapidly become an intellectual center due to Dutch religious freedom and the lack of censorship. At Leiden, he obtained his Doctor of both laws, that is, both civil and canon law.[6] Despite a booming Dutch economy, van der Donck decided to go to the New World. To this end, he approached the patroon Kiliaen van Rensselaer, securing a post as schout, a combination of sheriff and prosecutor, for his large, semi-independent estate, Rensselaerswijck, located near modern Albany.[7]
True or False: Most of the colonies supported declaring independence against Britain in the 1770s.
What physical feature would you mostly find in Kazakhstan? Responses Mountains Sand dune deserts Grassland plains Seas
Answer:
Arid
Explanation:
do you believe the united states is equipped to fight war with great Britain only 36 years after declaring its independence?
Answer: yes
Explanation:
we litterly just went over this in class lol
Answer:
No
Explanation:
At that time, America was still fixing damage from The Revolutionary War. A lot of soldiers had already passed away. A lot of America was in poverty, making it difficult to purchase equipment for protection in a war. However, I also do believe that, if they absolutely had to, America definitely would have at least stood a chance. I say this because, while America was still recovering, so was Great Britain. And Great Britain lost the Revolutionary war, so they had more pieces to pick up.
PLEASE HURRY !!!!!!!!!!!11!!!!!!!!!HELPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP
Zora won a literary award from Opportunity, a magazine. Based on the text, what effect did the award have on her career and education?
It led her to graduate from Howard University and publish her first novel, Jonah’s Gourd Vine.
It led her to die because of heart complications, after which she was buried in an unmarked grave.
It led her to move to Harlem, build a network of supporters, and earn a scholarship to study English and Anthropology.
It led her to attend the local school and learn about the inspirational teachings of Booker T. Washington.
Answer:
On May 1, 1925, at a literary awards dinner sponsored by Opportunity magazine, the earthy Harlem newcomer turned heads and raised eyebrows
Explanation:
How did Newton's invention of the reflecting telescope affect the field of astronomy?
Question 1 options:
It allowed astronomers to see clearer images, without distorted or lost colors
It allowed astronomers to discover the existence of Jupiter and Saturn
It made astronomers realize that sunlight contains different colors
It allowed astronomers to realize that the earth revolves around the sun
Answer:
It allowed astronomers to see clearer images, without distorted or lost colors
Explanation:
Have a nice day 。◕‿◕。
y=5x+2
x+3y=38?
needa help
Answer:
its 38
add it all together correctly and its 38
Write a paragraph analyzing how the three branches of government work together to create a system of checks and balances.
Answer:
The legislative branch makes laws, but the President in the executive branch can veto those laws with a Presidential Veto. The legislative branch makes laws, but the judicial branch can declare those laws unconstitutional.
Explanation:
The legislative branch makes laws, but the President in the executive branch can veto those laws with a Presidential Veto.
The legislative branch makes laws, but the judicial branch can declare those laws unconstitutional.
The executive branch, through the Federal agencies, has responsibility for day-to-day enforcement and administration of Federal laws. These Federal departments and agencies have missions and responsibilities that vary widely, from environmental protection to protecting the Nation’s borders.
The judicial branch interprets laws, but the President nominates Supreme Court justices, court of appeals judges, and district court judges who make the evaluations.
The judicial branch interprets laws, but the Senate in the legislative branch confirms the President’s nominations for judicial positions, and Congress can impeach any of those judges and remove them from office.
Which economic system allows for private ownership of property and resources?
Question 1 options:
Free Market
Command
Traditional
Restrictive
Answer:
The economic system that allows for private ownership of property and resources is the Free Market system. This system is characterized by limited government intervention and market forces such as supply and demand governing the exchange of goods and services. In this system, individuals are free to own property and resources and to use them as they see fit. It is a type of capitalism in which prices are determined by the forces of supply and demand rather than government intervention or regulation.
Argue the case for a judge having a fixed term of office. Then argue the case for a judge being elected for life. What are some advantages and disadvantages of each system?
Answer: The case for a judge having a fixed term of office:
Having a fixed term of office for judges can bring many benefits. One of the significant advantages is that it ensures that the judiciary is independent and impartial. A judge can make decisions without any fear of reprisal or retaliation because he/she is not accountable to anyone. They are free to make judgments based on the law and the facts of a case without any external pressures.
Another benefit of having a fixed term of office is that it allows for a regular turnover of judges. This ensures that new ideas and perspectives are brought into the judiciary, which can help to keep the law relevant and up-to-date. It also means that judges cannot become complacent and are constantly being evaluated on their performance.
However, one disadvantage of a fixed term of office is that it can lead to political influence. Judges may be tempted to make decisions based on the political climate of the day or in response to pressure from the government. This can undermine the independence of the judiciary and damage the public's trust in the legal system.
The case for a judge being elected for life:
On the other hand, having judges elected for life also has its advantages. One significant benefit is that it ensures continuity in the judiciary. Judges who are elected for life can develop their expertise in a particular area of law and can provide consistent judgments over an extended period.
Another advantage of having judges elected for life is that it can stabilise the legal system. Judges who are elected for life are not subject to the political whims of the day and can make decisions without any external pressure. This can help build public trust in the legal system and ensure justice is being served.
However, one disadvantage of having judges elected for life is that it can lead to complacency. Judges who are elected for life may become too comfortable in their position and may not work as hard as they would if they knew they had a fixed term of office. This can lead to a decline in the quality of their judgments and a loss of public confidence in the legal system.
Explanation:
In conclusion, both systems have their advantages and disadvantages. A fixed term of office can ensure independence and prevent political interference, while an elected judge for life can provide continuity and stability. Ultimately, the choice between these two systems will depend on the specific needs and values of the society in question.
Having a fixed term of office for judges ensures regular turnover and fresh perspectives on the bench. It allows for accountability and the possibility of new appointments based on merit. This system promotes diversity and prevents judges from becoming entrenched or out of touch.
Advantages of fixed terms: Fresh perspectives, accountability, diversity.
Disadvantages: Potential for political influence, frequent turnover, loss of experienced judges.
Advantages of lifetime appointments: Stability, independence from politics, accumulation of experience.
Disadvantages: Lack of accountability, potential for outdated views, reduced diversity, difficulty in removing underperforming judges.
President Truman issued an Executive Order directing the military to give...
Answer:
on July 26, 1948, he issued an executive order abolishing segregation in the armed forces and ordering full integration of all the services. Executive Order 9981 stated that “there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed forces without regard to race, color, religion, or national origin.” The order also established an advisory committee to examine the rules, practices, and procedures of the armed services and recommend ways to make desegregation a reality. There was considerable resistance to the executive order from the military, but by the end of the Korean conflict, almost all the military was integrated.
What is the main reason why the Mesopotamians traded grain and cloth for metal and stone?
Metal and stone did not spoil or tear, but grain and cloth did.
Metal and stone drew better prices than grain and cloth in Mesopotamia.
Grain and cloth were plentiful in the area, but metal and stone were not.
Grain and cloth were lighter to carry on the ships they used to cross the seas.
Write a research-based informative essay about proposed efforts to rebuild and protect Louisiana’s wetlands. Your essay should summarize proposed efforts and include evidence in the form of examples, facts, and statistics.
PLZ HELP MEH
Answer:
When writing an essay on this topic, make sure to include the idea that the issue of slavery in the territories was perhaps the greatest element leading up to the Civil War.
Explanation:
hope this helps
The Title is Proposed Efforts to Rebuild and Protect Louisiana's Wetlands. The title of a research refers to the name or label given to a specific study or investigation. It serves as a concise summary of the research topic and provides a glimpse into the focus and purpose of the study.
Introduction:
Louisiana's wetlands are a vital and unique ecosystem that provides numerous ecological, economic, and cultural benefits. However, due to a combination of natural and human-induced factors, these wetlands have been rapidly disappearing over the years. To counteract this loss, several proposed efforts have emerged to rebuild and protect Louisiana's wetlands. This essay will summarize some of these efforts, supported by examples, facts, and statistics.
1. Coastal Restoration and Barrier Islands:
One of the key strategies proposed is coastal restoration, which involves rebuilding and preserving barrier islands. These islands act as natural buffers, protecting the wetlands from storm surges and erosion. For instance, the Caminada Headland in Louisiana has been reinforced with dunes and vegetation to mitigate erosion and provide a protective barrier against hurricanes.
2. Sediment Diversion:
Sediment diversions are another proposed effort to rebuild and sustain Louisiana's wetlands. By redirecting the flow of sediment-rich water from the Mississippi River, these projects aim to replenish the sinking wetlands with fresh sediment, allowing them to rebuild and grow. For example, the Mid-Barataria Sediment Diversion project plans to divert freshwater and sediment from the river to restore the rapidly deteriorating Barataria Basin.
3. Marsh Creation and Planting:
Marsh creation and planting involve introducing native vegetation into degraded wetland areas to enhance their stability and promote ecological functions. The planting of marsh grasses can help trap sediment, stabilize soil, and prevent erosion. An example of this effort is the planting of smooth cordgrass in the Sabine National Wildlife Refuge to restore marsh habitats and improve wildlife habitat.
4. Oyster Reef Restoration:
Oyster reef restoration plays a crucial role in protecting and rebuilding Louisiana's wetlands. Oyster reefs act as natural breakwaters, reducing wave energy and preventing erosion. They also provide habitat for various marine species. The construction of oyster reefs, such as the Biloxi Marsh Oyster Reef Restoration project, helps protect vulnerable areas and promote wetland regeneration.
Conclusion:
The proposed efforts to rebuild and protect Louisiana's wetlands encompass a range of strategies, including coastal restoration, sediment diversions, marsh creation, and oyster reef restoration. These initiatives aim to counteract the loss of wetlands and preserve the vital functions they provide. Through the examples, facts, and statistics presented, it is evident that these efforts are essential for safeguarding Louisiana's unique ecosystem, supporting biodiversity, mitigating storm impacts, and sustaining the local economy and cultural heritage. Continued investment and implementation of these proposed efforts are crucial for the long-term survival and resilience of Louisiana's wetlands.
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All of the following statements about the map above are FALSE except: A. There is no population decline shown on the map. B. Ten states had a population increase of 200,000 or more in the time period shown. C. This map represents population change for the United States and Puerto Rico from July 1, 2008 to July 1, 2009. D. Only states in the western US had a population increase between July 2008 and July 2009. Please select the best answer from the choices provided A B C D
Answer:
Hey there!
This map represents population change for the United States and Puerto Rico from July 1, 2008, to July 1, 2009.
Let me know if this helps :)
How will the coming conflict be caused by the political, economic, social and geographic atmosphere of the infant nation, the United States. How will these differences and conflict influence the next 100+ years?
The struggle for civil rights and the fight against discrimination continue to this day.
The American Civil War was caused by political differences over various states' rights against a strong central government, economic disparities between the North and South of America, and the issue of slavery. These conflicts shaped the country's political, economic, and social landscape for over 100+ years, leading to significant changes such as the abolition of slavery and a stronger central government.
Geographic factors can also play a role, such as competition for resources or strategic positioning. However, it is the utmost priority for nations to work towards solutions that prioritize mutual understanding, diplomacy, and cooperation in order to build a more stable and peaceful world for future generations.
However, the struggle for civil rights and the fight against discrimination continue to this date.
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Compose a paragraph (5-6 sentences minimum) that summarizes how the Traingular Trade route operates and explain the impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on West Africa and the Americas.
Answer:The Triangular Trade was a system of trade routes that operated between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 16th to the 19th centuries. It involved the exchange of goods such as raw materials, manufactured goods, and slaves. European traders would sail to West Africa, where they would trade goods for enslaved Africans, whom they would then transport across the Atlantic to the Americas. There, the enslaved Africans were sold to plantation owners to work on sugar, tobacco, and cotton plantations. The profits from the sale of these goods would then be used to purchase more manufactured goods from Europe, and the cycle would repeat.
The impact of the Atlantic Slave Trade on West Africa and the Americas was profound. In West Africa, the slave trade led to the forced migration of millions of people and the destabilization of societies. It also fueled warfare and the capture of individuals for sale into slavery. In the Americas, the slave trade enabled the expansion of plantation agriculture, which had a significant impact on the economic development of the region. However, the human cost was enormous, with millions of enslaved Africans enduring brutal conditions, forced labor, and systematic violence. The legacy of the Atlantic Slave Trade continues to be felt today, both in West Africa and the Americas, with lasting social, economic, and political implications.
Explanation:
In three to four sentences explain how wage discrimination reaults in unegual pay and how this can be corrected
Answer:
It results in unequal pay because sometimes a boss will pay someone who has a specific skin tone more money than someone else who has the opposite skin tone. That's unequal pay and it can be corrected by making people aware of what there doing or protesting and boycotting the places that do this.
hope this helps!!:)
Explanation:
________ eggs are laid by birds; they contain everything a baby bird needs to grow from a few cells into a fully formed bird, ready to hatch.
Answer:
(Amniotic) eggs are laid by birds; they contain everything a baby bird needs to grow from a few cells into a fully formed bird, ready to hatch.
Answer: Bad eggs are laid by birds; they contain everything a baby bird needs to grow from a few cells into a fully formed bird, ready to hatch.
Explanation:
By the late 1600s, scientists began using a new tool, the microscope. Their observations proved the existence of a whole new world of microorganisms and helped to establish the tenets of the Cell Theory, including that life is made of cells. However, most still held that these microorganisms arose spontaneously from a “vital force.” In the late 1700s, Lazzaro Spallanzani designed an experiment to show that life did not arise spontaneously from food. He inferred that some foods spoil because of growing populations of microorganisms. Spallanzani boiled meat broth in open flasks. He sealed the flasks of the experimental group which showed no signs of microbe growth. Critics of Spallanzani said that he only showed that organisms cannot live without air.
In 1859, Louis Pasteur designed an experiment to address the spontaneous generation. He used a curved-neck flask that allowed the air inside the flask to mix with air outside the flask, but prevented solid particles, like microorganisms, from entering the body of the flask. Compare and contrast the work of Pasteur and Spallanzani and explain how both men influenced the cell theory
A.)They proved that plants, animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria are all made of cells
B.)They proved that cells cause disease.
C.) They proved that boiling kills microorganisms.
D.) They proved that cells do not appear spontaneously, but only come from pre-existing cells.
Answer: D.) They proved that cells do not appear spontaneously, but only come from pre-existing cells.
Explanation:
Both Spallanzani and Pasteur contributed to the understanding of the Cell Theory, which states that all living things are composed of cells and that cells only come from pre-existing cells.
Spallanzani's experiment showed that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously from food or other materials, but instead come from pre-existing microorganisms. He did this by boiling meat broth in open flasks, and then sealing some of the flasks to prevent microorganisms from entering. The sealed flasks showed no signs of microbe growth, indicating that microorganisms only appear when they are introduced from an outside source.
Pasteur's experiment built on Spallanzani's work by using a curved-neck flask that allowed air to enter and mix with the broth, but prevented solid particles, like microorganisms, from entering. He observed that even though the broth was exposed to air, no microorganisms grew in the broth, as they were trapped in the neck of the flask. This experiment definitively showed that microorganisms only come from pre-existing microorganisms, and that they do not arise spontaneously from non-living matter.
In summary, both Spallanzani and Pasteur contributed to the understanding of the Cell Theory by proving that cells do not appear spontaneously, but only come from pre-existing cells. They showed that microorganisms cannot arise from non-living matter, and that living organisms can only be generated by other living organisms.