Predict the effect (if any) of an increase in temperature on the electrical conductivity of
(a) a conductor;

1) First write a balanced chemical equation

\(2\ C_{2} H_{2}_{(g)}\)  +  \(5\ O_{2}_{(g)}\)  --->  \(4\ CO_{2}_{(g)}\)  +  \(2\ H_{2}O_{(g)}\)

2) Use dimensional analysis to find your answer.

= 30000g \(C_{2} H_{2}\)  ×  \(\frac{1\ mol\ C_{2}H_{2}}{26.04g\ C_{2}H_{2}}\)  ×  \(\frac{2\ mol\ H_{2}O}{2\ mol\ C_{2}H_{2}}\)  ×  \(\frac{18.02g\ H_{2}O}{1\ mol\ H_{2}O}\)

= 20760.36866

= 20760g H₂O

The common reagent for all three methods is 1) \(Na^{} OH^{}\).

In all three methods, the initial step involves the synthesis of a diol compound with the given structure. The diol has two hydroxyl groups attached to adjacent carbon atoms.

In the first method, the diol is treated with sodium hydroxide to deprotonate the hydroxyl groups and create an alkoxide intermediate. This intermediate is then reacted with ethyl iodide to form the desired product, an ether with the two hydroxyl groups replaced by ethoxy groups.

In the second method, the diol is converted to a chloro derivative using thionyl chloride and pyridine. The chloro compound is then reacted with ethanol in the presence of pyridine to produce the desired product, an ether with the two hydroxyl groups replaced by methoxy groups.

Hence, the correct option is 1.

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Answer:

\(\huge\boxed{\sf v = 62.7 \ L}\)

Explanation:

Given Data:

Mole = n = 3.38 mol

Temp = t = 269 K

Pressure = 1.19 atm

Gas constant = R = 0.08206 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

Required:

Volume = v = ?

Formula:

Pv = nRT

Solution:

Rearranging formula

\(\displaystyle v = \frac{nRT}{P} \\\\v = \frac{(3.38)(0.08206)(269)}{1.19} \\\\v = \frac{74.6}{1.19} \\\\v = 62.7 \ L\\\\\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

Answer:

0.157689 moles

Explanation:

Atoms are smallest particle of any entity; Atoms consist of three fundamental types of particles, protons, electrons and neutrons. Option C & D are the correct statement.

Define an atom?

Atoms are the smallest particle of an element. Atoms cannot be broken into sub parts. It consisting of 3 particles like, protons, electrons and neutrons.

Atoms of the all substance do not have same chemical properties. Because, atoms have different number of proton and electrons. Atoms cannot be destroyed by heating or cooling. Smallest unit atoms have elemental chemical identity and atoms can combine to make all the substance on earth.

Therefore, statement C and D are correct.

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The statement that correctly describes atoms are:

c. Atoms are the smallest unit of an element that has the chemical identity of that element.

d. Atoms combine to make all the substances on Earth.

The tiniest component of an element is called an atom. Atoms are not divisible into smaller components. It is made up of three different particles: protons, electrons, and neutrons.

All atoms do not share the same chemical characteristics. Because the quantity of protons and electrons in each atom varies. No amount of heat or cold can kill an atom.

Therefore, the correct option is c and d.

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The pH of a 0.25 M solution of NaNO2= 6.65.

Given the concentration of NaNO2, we can find the concentration of NaOH and HNO2 as follows:

NaNO2 = 0.25 MNaOH = HNO2 = x

(since they have equal concentrations due to the stoichiometry of the reaction)

Thus, we can write the equilibrium constant expression as:

Ka = x^2/0.25

Now, let's solve for x:

x^2 = 0.25 x 4.5 x 10^-4x = √(0.25 x 4.5 x 10^-4) = 0.015

This value represents the concentration of both HNO2 and NaOH. Since we are interested in pH, we need to find the concentration of H+ ions using the following equation:

Kw = [H+][OH-]

Since we have found the concentration of OH- (which is the same as the concentration of NaOH),

we can solve for H+:

Kw = 1.0 x 10^-14[H+][0.015] = 1.0 x 10^-14[H+] = 6.7 x 10^-13

Finally, we can find pH:

pH = -log[H+]pH = -log(6.7 x 10^-13)pH = 6.65

Therefore, the correct option is d) pH = 6.65.

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Answer: Explanation:

Water wheels have several important parts that work together (see diagram).

*Flowing water (delivered via a channel called a mill race)

*Large wooden or metal wheels.

*Paddles or buckets (arranged evenly around the wheel)

*Axle.

*Belts or gears.

Answer:

the sewcond one bacteria are living organisms, but viruses are not

Explanation:

Answer:

Bacteria are living organisms, but viruses are not

Explanation:

Answer:

please mark brainliest!

Explanation:

Germanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. It is a lustrous, hard-brittle, grayish-white metalloid in the carbon group, chemically similar to its group neighbours silicon and tin.

Answer:

A. They often use up resources that other organisms need.

Explanation:

Invasive alien species are animals, plants, fungi and microorganisms entered and established in the environment from outside of their natural habitat. T

hey reproduce rapidly, out-compete native species for food, water and space, and are one of the main causes of global biodiversity loss.

Answer:

I would go with A

Explanation:

Because the earths equator is warmed by most direct rays of the sun, air a the equator is hotter than air further north or the south. The hotter air rises up at the equator and as colder air moves in to take its place, the wind begins to blow and push the ocean into waves and currents

Answer:

A

Explanation:

Because the earths equator is warmed by most direct rays of the sun which make it warm and goes up and go to cold and go down to Antarctica and come back up warm because and the most direct rays.

Answer:

A saturated solution is that which is dissolved as much solute as it is capable of dissolving. By heating the solution a saturated solution can be changed into an unsaturated solution. Without adding any solvent it can be changed into an unsaturated solution. :]

Orbiting electrons would emit light, The solar system model of the atom describes a situation in which the atom would collapse, Orbiting electrons would accelerate.

The elementary electric charge of the electron (eor -), a subatomic particle, is a negative one. Due to the fact that they are assumed to be elementary particles and lack any known components or substructure, electrons, which are a member of the first generation of the lepton particle family, are classified as such. The mass of an electron is around one-eighth that of a proton.  An intrinsic half-integer value angular momentum (spin) with units of the decreased Planck constant,, is one of the electron's quantum mechanical properties. The characteristics of both waves and elementary particles are shared by electrons. They are susceptible to particle collisions and to light-like diffractive effects. It is simpler to understand the wave characteristics of electrons.

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To determine if a gamma ray of a given wavelength has enough energy to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom, we need to calculate the energy of the gamma ray and compare it to the ionization energy of a hydrogen atom.

First, let's calculate the energy of the gamma ray. The energy of a photon can be calculated using the equation:

E = hc/λ

where:

h = Planck's constant (6.626 x 10^-34 J s)

c = speed of light (2.998 x 10^8 m/s)

λ = wavelength of the gamma ray (1.00 x 10^-8 cm)

Now we can plug in the values:

E = (6.626 x 10^-34 J s) * (2.998 x 10^8 m/s) / (1.00 x 10^-8 m)

E = 1.98 x 10^-18 J

Next, let's calculate the ionization energy of a hydrogen atom. The ionization energy of hydrogen is the minimum amount of energy required to remove an electron from the hydrogen atom. It is given as 13.6 eV, which can be converted to joules:

13.6 eV * 1.60 x 10^-19 J/eV = 2.18 x 10^-18 J

Finally, we compare the energy of the gamma ray (1.98 x 10^-18 J) to the ionization energy of hydrogen (2.18 x 10^-18 J). Since the energy of the gamma ray is less than the ionization energy of hydrogen, we can conclude that it does not have enough energy to remove an electron from a hydrogen atom.

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The number of H2 and O2 molecules needed should be 4 and 2.

We know that the water i.e. H2O that comprise of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen so in the case when we have to make 4 water molecules so it needed 8 hydrogen and 4 oxygen

So for H2 it needs 4 and for O2 it needs 2

Therefore, The number of H2 and O2 molecules needed should be 4 and 2.

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The true statement about mixtures is that they do not have specific compositions (option B).

Mixture is a substance made up of two or more chemical components that are not chemically linked.

This further means that the constituents of a mixture maintain or keep their individual chemical identities because there is no breaking of bonds.

As opposed to mixtures, compounds are made up of constituents that are chemically bonded to one another, hence, possess a definite composition.

Examples of mixtures are as follows:

Therefore, the true statement about mixtures is that they do not have specific compositions.

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Answer:

Chemical reaction are irreversible. Some of the example of chemical reaction are cooking, rusting, and burning. During a chemical reaction, the composition of substances changes and the particles rearrange to form a new substance. The new substance formed after chemical reaction of substance has different  physical and chemical properties.

When a chemical reaction occur, the atoms or molecules of the substances change its physical and chemical properties such as while cooking of vegetable, the molecules of vegetable undergo changes in their properties and form a new substance which is different from the earlier.

Answer:

b

Explanation:

edge 2021

According to the concept of conduction,heat  flows from faster molecules to slower molecules when they collide.

Conduction is defined as a process as a means of which heat is transferred from the hotter end of the body to it's cooler end.Heat flows spontaneously from a body which is hot to a body which is cold.

In the process of conduction,heat flow is within the body and through itself.In solids the conduction of heat is due to the vibrations and collisions of molecules .

There are 2 types of conduction:1) steady state conduction 2) transient conduction.According to the type of energy conduction is of three types:

1) heat conduction

2) electrical conduction

3)sound conduction

Heat is transferred from faster to slower molecules when they collide , thus the correct option is that heat flows from faster molecules to slower molecules when they collide.

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Answer:

bacteria

Explanation:

The pathogen below is a single-celled organism without a nucleus that can cause illness in a humans.

37.41 min is the time required for the substance to reach 15.0% of its original amount, given its specific rate constant for decomposition.

Given, Rate constant (k) = 9.05 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹,

Let A be the initial quantity of the substance.

We know that, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the amount of the substance present.

Hence, the first-order integrated rate equation is given as follows:

ln ([A]/[A₀]) = -kt

We can rearrange this equation as follows:

[A]/[A₀] = e^-kt

Where [A₀] is the initial amount of the substance, [A] is the amount of substance remaining after time t has elapsed, and k is the rate constant.

Substituting the values we get 0.15/1 = e-9.05 × 10⁻⁴ t.

Taking natural logs on both sides we getting 0.15 = -9.05 × 10⁻⁴ t × ln Solving for t we get = 2244.52 s = 37.41 min (approx).

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The complete question is-

A substance decomposes with a rate constant of 9.05 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹. How long does it take for 15.0% of the substance to decompose? In other words, what is the time required for the substance to reach 15.0% of its original amount, given its specific rate constant for decomposition?

If a gas was in a 4 liter container with 1.8 atmospheres of pressure, the volume would change to 24 litres if there were 0.3 atmospheres of pressure.

According to Boyle's law, at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure. This means that as the pressure on a gas increases, its volume decreases and vice versa.

Mathematically, we can represent this relationship as P₁V₁ = P₂V₂, where P and V are the pressure and volume of the gas at different states.

Using the Boyle's law formula, if a gas is in a 4-liter container with 1.8 atmospheres of pressure, we can find the volume of the gas by rearranging the formula as

V₂ = (P₁V₁)/P₂ where : P₁ = 1.8 atm ; V₁ = 4 L ; P₂ = 0.3 atm ; V₂ = ?

Substituting the given values into the formula, V₂ = (1.8 atm × 4 L) / 0.3 atmV₂ = 24 L

A gas in a 4-liter container with 1.8 atmospheres of pressure will have a volume of 24 liters if the pressure is reduced to 0.3 atmospheres. Therefore, the volume will increase if there were 0.3 atmospheres of pressure.

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Since each silicon atom shares its four outer electrons with another silicon atom, silicon has a massive covalent structure.

Giant Covalent Structures is its name. Solids with enormous covalent structures have very high melting points. Strong covalent connections connect each of the atoms, which must be disrupted in order to melt the material. Examples include silicon dioxide, graphite (a form of carbon), and diamond.

At normal temperature, giant covalent compounds are solids and have extremely high melting and boiling temperatures. Due to the strength of covalent bonds, melting and boiling these massive structures requires a lot of energy.

It has a large number of silicon and oxygen atoms. The structure of its atoms is connected throughout.

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Calcium nitrate is the limiting reagent and theoretical yield of calcium carbonate is 21.3 grams.

Relation between the mass and moles of any substance will be represented as:

Moles of Na₂CO₃ = 45g / 105.98g/mol = 0.424 mol

Moles of Ca(NO₃)₂ = 35g / 164g/mol = 0.213 mol

From the stoichiometry of the reaction it is clear that:

It means Ca(NO₃)₂ is the limiting reagents as less moles of this is present in the reaction, so the formation of product is depends on the amount of Ca(NO₃)₂.

Again from the stoichiometry of the reaction, it is clear that:

Theoretical mass of CaCO₃ = (0.213mol)(100g/mol) = 21.3g

Hence, required mass of calcium carbonate is 21.3g.

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a.For the principal level with n = 1, there is only one orbital, which is the 1s orbital. The three quantum numbers for this orbital are n=1, l=0, and m_l=0.

b.For the principal level with n = 2, there are four orbitals: the 2s orbital and the three 2p orbitals. The three quantum numbers for the 2s orbital are n=2, l=0, and m_l=0. The three quantum numbers for the 2p orbitals are n=2, l=1, and m_l=-1, 0, and +1.

c. For the principal level with n = 3, there are nine orbitals: the 3s orbital, the three 3p orbitals, and the five 3d orbitals. The three quantum numbers for the 3s orbital are n=3, l=0, and m_l=0. The three quantum numbers for the 3p orbitals are n=3, l=1, and m_l=-1, 0, and +1. The five quantum numbers for the 3d orbitals are n=3, l=2, and m_l=-2, -1, 0, +1, and +2.

d.For the principal level with n = 4, there are sixteen orbitals: the 4s orbital, the three 4p orbitals, the five 4d orbitals, and the seven 4f orbitals. The three quantum numbers for the 4s orbital are n=4, l=0, and m_l=0. The three quantum numbers for the 4p orbitals are n=4, l=1, and m_l=-1, 0, and +1. The five quantum numbers for the 4d orbitals are n=4, l=2, and m_l=-2, -1, 0, +1, and +2. The seven quantum numbers for the 4f orbitals are n=4, l=3, and m_l=-3, -2, -1, 0, +1, +2, and +3.

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