Organisms can form several types of symbiotic relationships. From the descriptions, determine if each of the symbiotic relationships is an example of commensalism, mutualism, or parasitism. 1. Hermit crabs protect themselves from predators by living in shells discarded by snails. 2. Ticks attach to humans in order to eat human blood. Ticks can also infect humans with Rocky Mountain spotted fever and Lyme's disease. 3. The coralroot orchid is a reddish color and is unable to photosynthesize. These orchids take carbohydrates from pine trees through connections formed between their roots and the roots of the pine trees. 4. The bullhorn acacia grows special tissues in which ants live. The ants find a safe place to live and attack any animals that attempt to graze on the acacia. 5. The Leucochloridium worm infects snails and is able to control the snail's behavior, creating a zombie-like snail. The worm forces the snail to attract predators to itself so that the worm is eaten and passed to its next host. 6. On the Galapagos Islands, there are finches that remove parasitic insects from tortoises. The finches gain a meal and the tortoises are ridded of parasites. 7. Cattle egrets follow cattle and other large grazing animals and eat the insects stirred up by cattle's hooves.

Explanation:

The small intestine absorbs most of the nutrients in your food, and your circulatory system passes them on to other parts of your body to store or use. Special cells help absorbed nutrients cross the intestinal lining into your bloodstream.

special cells are help absorbed nutrients cross the intestinal lining in to your bloodstream your blood carries simple sugars amino acids glycerol and some vitamins & salts to the liver your liver stores processes and delivers nutrients to the rest of your body when needed.

1. The statement that is true is: Fungi can feed off both living and dead organisms.

2. A spore is a single reproductive cell.

3The ovary in a flowering plant will develop into a fruit.

4A plant seed grows in a flower's ovary.

5Reproduction by mitosis results in two identical cells.

6The anther of a flower is important because it produces sperm cells.

7Algae reproduce using mitosis.

8A plant seed is formed from a fertilized egg.

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Answer: Catalyst. Any molecule that will increase the rate of a chemical reaction, does not participate directly in the reaction and therefore is reusable, and does not supply the energy for the reaction (heat or ATP does). Enzymes work on one reactant, called a. Substrate.

Explanation:

Hope this helps.

Have a good night ma´am/sir.

Be safe!

"Enzymes are organic catalysts" refers to the fact that enzymes are an organic class of biological molecule that act as catalysts in chemical reactions.

Catalysts are compounds that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed or changed in any way. In living organisms, enzymes are essential for many biochemical processes, including the breakdown of food during digestion, the synthesis of molecules, and the facilitation of cellular processes. Enzymes help maintain vital biochemical processes, maintaining the fundamental activities of life, by reducing the activation energy required for a reaction.

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Answer:

CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION

For dietary carbohydrates to be utilized by the body, they must be converted during digestion to monosaccharides. In addition to starch, the other major dietary carbohydrates are the disaccharides lactose and sucrose, and the monosaccharide fructose. The monosaccharides produced by complete digestion of these dietary carbohydrates are glucose, galactose, and fructose.

The digestive process begins with salivary amylase, which randomly cleaves the α-1,4 linkages of starch. Although amylase digestion begins in the saliva, pancreatic α-amylase is more important to the complete digestion of starch (Fig. 19-1). Starch is degraded first to dextrins and then to a mixture of glucose, maltose, and isomaltose (containing the α-1,6 linkages that are not digested by amylase).

The major disaccharidases, located in the brush border of the intestinal lumen, are

•

Maltase—hydrolyzes maltose

•

Sucrase-isomaltase—hydrolyzes sucrose and isomaltose

•

Lactase—hydrolyzes lactose

Whenever lactose goes undigested, it is not absorbed and passes into the large intestine. Here lactose is acted on by the intestinal flora that ferment it, producing large quantities of CO2, hydrogen gas, methane, and organic acids; the last irritate the intestines, increasing intestinal motility. All these products have only one way out. Thus, the symptoms that characterize lactose intolerance are bloating and flatulence and, in extreme cases, a frothy diarrhea. Lactose intolerance is least common in Northern Europeans and their descendants and most common in descendants of Asian, African, and South American origin.

HISTOLOGY

Brush Border Dynamics

The unstirred brush border of the intestinal lumen consists of finger-like processes, known as microvilli, of the surface absorptive cells. Many enzymes associated with the process of digestion and absorption are located on the surface of these microvilli. This allows the products of digestion such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and monoglycerides to be absorbed by the cells rather than be swept into the lumen itself.

Answer:

blood, vessels, oxygen, (heat, hormones), carbon (iv)oxide

Answer:

Explanation:

Glucose/Na symporters cannot diffuse across from the apical side to the lateral or basal sides because of the lipid bilayer (the hydrophobic tail/part will prevent it from crossing). However, a facilitated diffusion approach is "endorsed" here,  a specialized carrier protein called glucose or sodium transporter is used to transfer/diffuse the glucose or sodium to the basal side of the cell.

NOTE: These lipid bilayers are present in the cell membrane and are actually responsible for the selective nature of what goes in or out of the cell. The bilayer consists of the hydrophilic head and the hydrophobic tail.

Food grains are stored in the warehouse or granary for future use to maintain the production and supply of food in the country and it is also considered as a security measure for the farmers and government agencies.

The grain storage system is important to preserve the nutritional value of the food grains and avoid the losses incurred due to pests, rodents, and other natural calamities such as floods and droughts.

Food grains are the essential components of the human diet, and they need to be stored with utmost care and caution. The quality of food grains plays a crucial role in ensuring the food security of the country. The farmers and the government agencies take care of storing the food grains in the warehouses, which are usually built in the proximity of the grain-producing areas. These warehouses should be equipped with the latest technologies and tools to ensure the safe storage of food grains.

The government also provides subsidies and financial support to the farmers to build their warehouses to store the food grains. The food grain storage system is crucial for ensuring the continuous supply of food and for the survival of the farmers, especially in the developing countries.

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The organisms that feed on dead and decaying matter are called Saprotrophs.

An organism that feeds on dead and decaying organic matter is called a saprotroph. These organisms are heterotrophic, which means that they obtain their food from other sources. They are important in the ecosystem because they break down dead organic matter and recycle it back into the soil, making nutrients available to other living organisms

Answer:

A. Saprotrophs

Explanation:

Saprotrophs are organisms that obtain their nutrients by feeding on dead and decaying matter. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by decomposing organic material and recycling nutrients back into the environment.

These organisms secrete enzymes that break down complex organic compounds into simpler substances, such as sugars and amino acids, which they can absorb and utilize for their own growth and energy needs. Examples of saprotrophs include fungi (such as mushrooms and molds) and certain bacteria.

Unlike autotrophs, which can produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis, saprotrophs rely on external sources of organic matter for their nutrition. They actively decompose dead plants, animals, and other organic materials, aiding in the process of nutrient recycling and decomposition.

Heterotrophs, on the other hand, are a broader category of organisms that obtain their nutrients by consuming other living or dead organisms. This includes saprotrophs, as well as other types of organisms such as herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores.

Parasites, meanwhile, are organisms that live in or on other organisms, known as hosts, and obtain their nutrients from the host while causing harm or damage to it. Unlike saprotrophs, parasites typically rely on a living host for their sustenance rather than feeding on dead and decaying matter.

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Answer:

A. Homologue.

B. Chiasma.

C. Synaptonemal.

D. Synaptonemal.

E. Synapsis.

Explanation:

Genetics can be defined as the scientific study of hereditary in living organisms such as humans, animals and plants.

Synaptonemal complex can be defined as a network of proteins that is responsible for holding homologous chromosomes (homologues) together.

Generally, a synaptonemal complex (protein lattice) is formed between homologous chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Also, synaptonemal complex is important for the formation of the four sister chromatids referred to as tetrads.

Furthermore, the synaptonemal complex (protein lattice) has a tripartite structure which comprises of the following components;

I. SC protein-1 (SYCP1).

II. SC protein-2 (SYCP2).

III. SC protein-3 (SYCP3).

In conclusion, the synaptonemal complex plays a significant role in synapsis, recombination and chromosome pairing.

Matching the various terminologies in genetics with their description, we have;

A. Homologue: one of a pair of chromosomes with similar genetic information and from different sources like the sperm and egg.

B. Chiasma: several X-shaped structures may be visible under the microscope and indicate where crossing over has occurred.

C. Synaptonemal: a lattice of protein holds two replicated chromosomes in precise register with one another.

D. Synaptonemal: four chromatids are held together by a zipper-like structure.

E. Synapsis: a process in which pairs of homologous complex chromosomes line up side by side.

because the truck is moving to the east faster than the ball is moving west.

Answer:

The unified cell theory states that: all living things are composed of one or more cells; the cell is the basic unit of life; and new cells arise from existing cells.

Therefore, B is the answer.

"All living cells require water for survival" is NOT a statement from the cell theory.

All cells require water for survival is not a statement from the cell theory.

The cell theory is a fundamental principle in biology that states that all living organisms are composed of one or more cells and that the cell is the basic unit of life. The theory was first proposed by German scientists Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann in 1839, and later refined by Rudolf Virchow in 1855. The three main principles of the cell theory are:

The cell theory is considered one of the most important and enduring concepts in biology, and it forms the foundation for understanding the structure and function of cells and the organization of life on Earth.

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A potential realistic mutation that could greatly benefit the human race is an increased resistance to infectious diseases.

One potential realistic mutation that could greatly benefit the human race is an increased resistance to infectious diseases. Such a mutation could occur through various mechanisms, including natural selection, genetic engineering, or epigenetic modifications.

This mutation would be beneficial because it would improve the health and well-being of individuals, reduce healthcare costs, and potentially prevent pandemics and global health crises. For example, a mutation that enhances the activity of immune cells or increases the expression of antimicrobial peptides could help individuals fight off infections more effectively and reduce the likelihood of spreading infectious diseases to others.

However, it is important to note that there could be potential negative consequences associated with this mutation. For instance, increased resistance to infectious diseases could lead to a reduction in the diversity of the human microbiome, which could have implications for overall health and immune function.

Additionally, it is possible that infectious agents could evolve in response to this mutation, potentially leading to the emergence of new and more virulent strains of pathogens. Therefore, it is important to consider the potential risks and benefits of any mutation carefully and to approach genetic engineering with caution.

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In Punnett Square, a grid and letters are used. Lowercase letters correspond to recessive alleles, while capital letters signify dominant alleles.

The known genotypes of each parent are displayed using this tool to aid in predicting the potential genotypes of their offspring. It demonstrates how alleles are inherited or transmitted from parents to offspring.

It is frequently utilized in monohybrid and dihybrid crosses, where the theoretical results are predicated on the assumptions of segregation and independent allele distribution (according to Mendelian inheritance).

A tool that aids in displaying all potential allele pairings of gametes in a cross of parents with known genotypes in order to forecast the likelihood that their kids would carry specific allele combinations.

Therefore, In Punnett Square, a grid and letters are used. Lowercase letters correspond to recessive alleles, while capital letters signify dominant alleles.

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The united states department of agriculture recommends 0.8 grams of protein intake per day.

Protein intake per day  is defined as the amount of protein to be consumed in a given day. It is the required amount of protein to be taken in a given day.

Adult men need about 56 grams of protein a day. Adult women need about 46 grams a day (71 grams, if pregnant or breastfeeding).

The recommended daily  average (RDA) protein intake  for adult men and women is 0.8 grams of protein for every 2 pounds of body weight.

Thus,  the united states department of agriculture recommends 0.8 grams of protein intake per day.

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Answer:

C) A flash flood buries large amounts of land in a coastal area.

Explanation: It will make the land moist and healthy for crops

Answer:

I dont know if I'm right but it's C

Organisms that undergo photosynthesis are typically autotrophic, meaning they can produce their own food using energy from sunlight. This includes plants, algae, and some types of bacteria.

A reproductive structure produced by some fungi is a mushroom. Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi, and they produce spores for reproduction. The cap of the mushroom is often the most noticeable part, and it can have a wide range of colors and shapes.

The round orange-colored fruit that grows on a tree and has dark spots on its peel is likely an orange. Oranges are a type of citrus fruit that grow on trees in warm climates. They are a good source of vitamin C and are commonly eaten as a snack or used in cooking and baking.

Living things that grow from the soil can include a wide range of organisms, such as plants, fungi, and bacteria. It's difficult to say exactly what is being referred to without more information or a specific image.

A starfish, also known as a sea star, is a marine invertebrate with spiny skin and five arms surrounding a central disk-shaped body. They are found in a variety of ocean habitats and are known for their ability to regenerate lost limbs.

The large, nut-like fruit on a palm tree is likely a coconut. Coconuts grow on palm trees and are a common source of food and drink in many tropical regions. They are also used in a variety of products, such as coconut oil and coconut milk.

Answer:

Explanation:Fertilizers are food for plants.Plants get carbondioxide from air and release oxygen.They are added to the soil to make up the deficiency of essential elements like nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium required for the proper growth of plants.

The energy transfer that occurred between the lanuch of a rocket and its continuing flight out of the atmosphere is that the chemical energy stored in the fuel of the rocket is transformed into heat energy.

Energy transfer is defined as the process by which a form of energy is being transformed to another form without destruction of the energy.

There are various ways by which energy can be transferred and it includes the following:

When a rocket is being launched, the chemical energy in its fuel would be converted to another form of energy called heat energy through the actions of mechanical and heating processes of the rocket engine.

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Answer:

it may leads to exothermic process in your body and we can die

Answer: We would die

Explanation:

The stages of bee development are egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs hatch into larvae, which then transform into pupae. Finally, adult bees emerge and undergo further maturation.

The stages of bee development are:

1. Egg: The bee life cycle begins when the queen bee lays an egg in a honeycomb cell.

2. Larva: The egg hatches into a larva, which is a legless, grub-like creature. The larva is fed a special diet called royal jelly, which stimulates its growth.

3. Pupa: The larva undergoes metamorphosis and transforms into a pupa. Inside the sealed cell, the pupa undergoes various changes, developing into an adult bee.

4. Adult Bee: After completing the pupal stage, the fully developed adult bee emerges from the cell. The bee then undergoes further maturation, such as its exoskeleton hardening, wings expanding, and adult coloration appearing.

It's important to note that there are three castes of bees: queen, worker, and drone. The development process for each caste is similar, but the diet and size of the cells they are raised in differ, leading to their distinct roles within the colony.

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Answer:

The cytoskeleton is a network of fibers that forms the "infrastructure" of eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells, and archaea. In eukaryotic cells, these fibers consist of a complex network of protein filaments and motor proteins that help move cells and stabilize the cell.

Explanation:

Function:

It helps the cell maintain its shape and provides support to the cell.

Various cellular organelles are held in place by the cytoskeleton.

It helps in the formation of vacuoles.

The cytoskeleton does not represent a static structure but is able to disassemble and assemble its parts in order to enable the internal and overall mobility of the cell.

The cytoskeleton contributes to cell migration because cell motility is required for tissue construction and repair.

The cytoskeleton helps transport communication signals between cells.

In some cells, it creates cell bulges, such as cilia and flagella.

Cytoskeletal structure :

The cytoskeleton is composed of at least three different types of fibers: microtubules, microfilaments, and middle filaments.

These fibers differ in their size, and the microtubules are the smallest and the microfilaments are the thinnest.

Answer:

B,C and D

Explanation:

These are landforms because if you were to travel to the location they were seen on the map they are visible

however Elevation is not a visible mass ( it is a characteristic of a location ) and geosphere is a general term to describe the sections of the earth and atmosphere

Hope this helps!

The three examples of landforms among the options provided are mountains, coastlines, and dunes.

Landforms are natural features on the surface of the earth, such as mountains, valleys, plains, and coastlines, that have been shaped by various geological processes over time.

Mountains are large natural elevations of the earth's surface, while coastlines are the landforms where the land meets the sea, often characterized by cliffs, beaches, and bays. Dunes are hills of sand that form in deserts or near beaches due to the movement of wind.

The geosphere refers to the solid, rocky part of the earth's surface, which includes the lithosphere (outermost layer of the earth's crust) and the underlying mantle, and is not considered a landform. Elevation is a term that refers to the height of a landform relative to sea level, rather than being a landform itself.

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Explanation:

It's considered a natural resource because it is energy that is not man made.

It's a renewable energy because it naturally gets replaced.

Overall, the population shift in South Africa has had a negative impact on agriculture, leading to a decline in the sector and decreased food security for rural communities.

Population refers to the total number of individuals of a particular species or group living in a specific area or region. In the context of human populations, it refers to the number of people living in a particular geographic area or country. Population can also refer to subgroups within a larger population, such as age groups, ethnic or racial groups, or socioeconomic groups. Population can be measured and analyzed in various ways, including through demographic data such as birth and death rates, migration patterns, and population density.

Here,

Over the past 50 years, there has been a significant population shift in South Africa, with many people moving from rural areas to urban areas in search of better economic opportunities, education, and healthcare. This trend is known as urbanization and is a common phenomenon in many developing countries.

As people move from rural areas to urban areas, the population density in urban areas increases, while rural areas become less populated. This population shift has had a significant impact on agriculture in South Africa. As more people move to cities, there is less demand for agricultural products, leading to a decline in the agricultural sector. This has resulted in the loss of agricultural land, reduced productivity, and decreased food security for rural communities.

In addition, the population shift has also led to changes in land use. As urban areas expand, they often encroach on agricultural land, leading to land fragmentation and reduced agricultural productivity. This can also lead to conflicts between urban and rural communities over land use and resource allocation.

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Answer:

cytosine and thymine / C and T

Answer:

The splitting of a uranium atom releases energy. This process is called “nuclear fission”, since the centre of an atom is called its nucleus. When a uranium atom splits it gives off more neutrons, which can then split more atoms, and so the energy level rapidly multiplies

Explanation:

The splitting of a uranium atom releases nuclear energy by the process called nuclear fission, releases more neutrons, which can then split atoms, and energy level multiply rapidly.

The Energy is stored in the core of atom  called nuclear energy.

The mass of an atom refers to the mass of nuclear elements like total mass of neutron and proton present in it.

Nuclear reaction can either be nuclear fission or fusion which releases  the nuclear energy.

The process in which atoms combine to form a larger atom called nuclear fusion, while the process in which the the breakdown of atoms with the release of energy called nuclear fission.

Nuclear power plants produce energy by nuclear fission where as Sun produces energy by nuclear fusion.

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Answer:

False

Explanation:

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