notice there are two parts to each shadow. the darkest part is the umbra. the lighter shadow part surrounding the umbra is the penumbra. how much of the sun would you see if you were standing in the umbra?

Answer:

D. x-rays

Explanation:

Lower frequency: Radio waves, microwaves and infrared have lower frequency than visible light. Shorter wavelength: Ultraviolet, x-rays and gamma rays have a shorter wavelength than visible light.

The Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) diagram is a plot of luminosity versus temperature. HR diagrams are used to determine the age, distance, and relative size of stars. A typical HR diagram shows main sequence stars on the left side of the diagram, giant stars in the middle, and supergiant stars on the right side.

The location of stars on the HR diagram reveals a lot about the conditions of the star. For example, main sequence stars are stars that have reached a state of equilibrium between their inward pull of gravity and their outward radiation pressure. They are characterized by a stable core temperature and a stable rate of energy generation.

On the other hand, giant stars are stars that have exhausted the fuel in their core, causing the core to contract and heat up, while the outer layers expand and cool. This causes the star to move to the right on the HR diagram.

Supergiant stars are even larger than giant stars and have even cooler and more luminous outer layers. They are found on the upper right-hand corner of the HR diagram.

White dwarfs are stars that have exhausted all of their nuclear fuel and have contracted to a very small size. They are located on the lower left-hand side of the HR diagram.

Overall, the location of a star on the HR diagram provides a lot of information about the conditions of the star, including its size, temperature, and luminosity.

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Answer:

an electric motor

Explanation:

electric motor contains an electromagnet that can rotate between poles of a magnet.

Answer:

The dynamo has a wheel that touches the back tyre. As the bicycle moves, the wheel turns a magnet inside a coil. This induces enough electricity to run the bicycle's lights. The faster the bicycle moves, the greater the induced voltage - and the brighter the lights.

Because of the bicycle's actions, the wheel turns a magnet internal a coil. This induces enough strength to run the bicycle's lighting fixtures. The faster the bicycle movements, the greater the caused voltage - and the brighter the lights.

A trendy dynamo creates an instantaneous modern-day (DC) – a one-directional waft of electrical rate. A bicycle dynamo creates an alternating current (AC), which reverses course from time to time.

A dynamo is a tool normally positioned inside the hub of a motorcycle's wheel that converts the energy generated by means of the wheel spinning to electric power. That energy is then used to run front and rear dynamo lights at the bike, offering constantly-on illumination without the want to change the lighting.

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Answer:

      ρ = 20.4 kg / m³

Explanation:

For this exercise we use Archimedes' principle, the thrust on a submerged body is equal to the weight of the released liquid

           B = ρ g V_liquid           (1)

let's write the equilibrium equation

           F -W + B = 0

           B = W -F

let's calculate

           B = 0.900 9.8 - 2.94

            B = 5.88 N

From equation 1

            V_{liquid} =  \(\frac{B}{\rho_{Hg} g}\)

            V_{liquid} = \(\frac{5.88}{13.6 \ 10^3 \ 9.8}\)

            V_{liquid} = 4.41176 10⁻⁵ m³

in this case it is indicated that the body is completely submerged

           V_body = V_liquid = V

     the definition of density is

           ρ = m / V

           ρ = \(\frac{0.900 \ 10^{-3}}{ 4.41176 \ 10^{-5} }\)

           ρ = 2.04 10¹ kg / m³

           ρ = 20.4 kg / m³

The value of g will decrease if the mass of the object is decreased.

The acceleration due to gravity, denoted by g, is a constant value that represents the acceleration experienced by an object in free fall near the Earth's surface. It is approximately 9.8 m/s². The value of g is influenced by two factors: the mass of the Earth and the distance between the object and the center of the Earth.

When the mass of the object is decreased, it means there is less gravitational force acting on it. According to Newton's second law of motion (F = ma), the force experienced by an object is directly proportional to its mass. Therefore, if the mass is decreased, the gravitational force acting on the object will also decrease.

Since g represents the acceleration due to gravity, which is determined by the gravitational force, a decrease in the mass of the object will result in a decrease in the value of g. This means that the object will experience a lower acceleration due to gravity.

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To solve for the frequency, we can use the formula:

frequency = wave speed / wavelength

However, we do not have information about the wave speed. So, we need to make an assumption that the wave speed is the speed of light, which is approximately 299,792,458 meters per second.

Using this assumption and the given wavelength of 3 meters, we can calculate the frequency as:

frequency = 299,792,458 / 3

frequency = 99,930,819 Hz

Therefore, the frequency of the wave with a wavelength of 3 meters is approximately 99,930,819 Hz.

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Individuals who need to disclose their compensated outside activities, in addition to their financial/obligatory interests (FOIs), institutional responsibilities (IRs), and sponsored travel, are required to do so at UM (University of Michigan).

At UM, the disclosure process is designed to ensure transparency and mitigate potential conflicts of interest or commitment. In addition to disclosing FOIs, IRs, and sponsored travel, individuals are also obligated to disclose any compensated outside activities they engage in. Compensated outside activities refer to external activities for which individuals receive financial compensation or other forms of remuneration, such as consulting, speaking engagements, or participation in advisory boards.

This additional disclosure requirement aims to provide a comprehensive overview of an individual's potential conflicts and commitments, allowing for appropriate management and assessment. By disclosing compensated outside activities, UM can assess any potential conflicts that may arise between an individual's external commitments and their responsibilities within the university, ensuring that conflicts are appropriately managed and academic integrity is maintained.

It is essential for individuals to comply with these disclosure requirements as part of their commitment to upholding the highest standards of transparency, accountability, and ethical conduct in their academic and professional pursuits.

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To pull the tanker 0.630 km total work to be done is  1.871 × 10⁹ Joule.

The definition of force in physics is: The push or pull on a massed object changes its velocity.

An external force is an agent that has the power to alter the resting or moving condition of a body. It has a direction and a magnitude.

Resultant force acting on the tugboat = √2 × 2.10 × 10⁶ N.

To pull the tanker 0.630 km, that is, 630 m, work done = force × displacement

= √2 × 2.10 × 10⁶ N × 630 m

= 1871004543.01 Joule.

= 1.871 × 10⁹ Joule.

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Irina of mass 110 kg floats in fresh water, the volume is 0.06m³.

The buoyant force is the upward force exerted on any object by the fluid. If the buoyant force is lesser than the object's weight, the object will sink while if buoyant force is greater than the object's weight it will float.

In the question irina of mass 110 kg floats in fresh water that indicates:

weight of irina = buoyant force

mg = Vρg

m =  Vρ

Where, m = mass of irina

V = volume

ρ = density of water

110 = V × 1000

V = \(\frac{110}{1000}\)

V = 0.11m³

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Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

I ave K12 and i just finished it.

The phrase which is not an example of intracellular communication is :

C) Molecule in a cell changes function of cell.

The phrase which is not an example of intracellular communication is the molecule in a cell changes function of cell.

The intracellular communication could be a sort of communication which takes put inside a cell or interior a cell.

The intracellular speaks to inside a cell, subsequently, the development of the particle inside a cell may be with cytoplasmic gushing, cargo vesicle transport or any other instrument will speak to the intracellular communication.

Thus, the correct answer is C.

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A diving watch that is immersed in seawater from a diving vessel can be modeled as a closed steel ball with a wall thickness of 50 mm.

The purpose of the steel ball design is to provide protection to the internal components of the diving watch from the external environment, including water pressure. The steel material and the thickness of the wall help to ensure the structural integrity of the watch under high-pressure conditions.

When the diving watch is submerged in seawater, the external pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the water above. The steel ball acts as a barrier, preventing the water from entering the watch and damaging its internal mechanisms.

By using a closed steel ball design with a sufficient wall thickness, the diving watch can withstand the increasing water pressure as the divers descend deeper into the water. This design ensures the watch remains watertight and functional during underwater activities.

It's worth noting that in addition to the steel ball design, diving watches often incorporate other features such as gaskets, seals, and screw-down crowns to enhance their water resistance and ensure reliable performance at greater depths.

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Answer:

A combinational logic circuit is a circuit whose outputs only depend on the current state of its inputs. In mathematical terms, the each output is a function of the inputs. These functions can be described using logic expressions, but is most often (at least initially) using truth tables.

Answer:

Clumped distribution is the most common type of dispersion found in nature. In clumped distribution, the distance between neighboring individuals is minimized.

Answer:

probaby not

Explanation:

you might get thrown in jail tho

I would conduct a research program to observe and analyze the spectra of galaxies to gather information about their composition and motion.

With my limited observing time on the world's largest telescope, I would focus on collecting spectral data from various galaxies. Spectroscopy allows astronomers to analyze the light emitted by celestial objects and identify the elements present in their composition. By observing the spectra of galaxies, I could look for distinct patterns or signatures that could differentiate between the two hypotheses.

In the case of the Nebular Hypothesis, which suggests that spiral galaxies are merely nebulae within our own Milky Way, the spectral data would likely exhibit similarities to known nebulae. It would show characteristic emission lines associated with ionized gases, such as hydrogen or oxygen. If this were the case, it would support the notion that spiral galaxies are part of our own galaxy.

On the other hand, if the spectral data revealed a different pattern, such as absorption lines indicative of stars or stellar processes, it would lend support to the Island Universe Hypothesis. This hypothesis proposes that spiral galaxies are distinct, independent entities scattered throughout the universe. The presence of absorption lines associated with specific chemical elements or molecules commonly found in stars would suggest that spiral galaxies are not just nebulae but actual galaxies in their own right.

By carefully analyzing the spectral data collected from various galaxies, I would be able to compare their compositions and identify any significant differences that would help discriminate between the two hypotheses. This research program offers the best chance of success because it leverages the power of spectroscopy to provide concrete evidence regarding the nature of spiral galaxies, regardless of the absence of Cepheid variables in Andromeda.

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Answer:

B. the object will begin to move

Explanation:

If energy is transferred the object will definitely change so it CANNOT be "A". If you add energy the object will have more force so it CANNOT be "C". The mass of an object can't increase just by giving an object energy so it CANNOT be "D"

Answer:

24 meters

Explanation:

From 0 - 4 secs. the distance traveled forward 8 meters. From 4 - 6 secs. the distance traveled another 8 meters forward. Then from 6 - 10 secs. the distance traveled backward 8 meters for a total of 24 meters.

In the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom, the energy difference between the n=4 and n=3 orbitals is less than the energy difference between the n=3 and n=2 orbitals. This is due to the fact that as the distance between the electron and the nucleus decreases, the energy of the electron increases, and vice versa.

The energy levels in the Bohr model are given by the equation E = (-13.6 eV/n^2), where n is the principal quantum number. Therefore, as the principal quantum number decreases, the energy levels get closer together, resulting in a greater energy difference between the n=3 and n=2 orbitals than between the n=4 and n=3 orbitals.

It is important to note that the Bohr model is a simplified representation of the hydrogen atom and does not accurately describe the behavior of multi-electron atoms. A more accurate description of the behavior of electrons in atoms is provided by the quantum mechanical model.

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The period of the storm is 2s

The frequency of the storm is 0.5 Hz

When we talk about the period, what we mean is the time that it would take to complete a cycle. In this case, we have to be looking at the question that we have. We are told that  it takes two seconds for the storm to complete one cycle. This means that the period of the storm is 2s.

The frequency would be the inverse of the period so we can have that;

Frequency = 1/Period

Frequency = 1/2

= 0.5 Hz as shown

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If it takes two seconds for the swing to complete one cycle, the period of the swing is the time it takes to complete one cycle, which in this case is 2 seconds.

To find the frequency of the swing, you need to calculate the number of cycles completed in one second. Frequency is the reciprocal of the period, so to find the frequency, you can use the formula:

Frequency = 1 / Period

In this case:

Frequency = 1 / 2 seconds = 0.5 Hz (Hertz)

So, the period of the swing is 2 seconds, and the frequency of the swing is 0.5 Hz.

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Answer:corrosion (i believe)

Explanation:

Answer

Mix baking soda and salt with hot water and cover everything with it. The proportions are not crucial, but about 1 tablespoon of salt and 1 tablespoon of baking soda to 3 dl water should do the trick. Lightly tarnished objects should clean up in a few minutes, and you just rinse them of and dry them.

Explanation:

Answer:

4.02 × 10⁻⁹  N

Explanation:

Gravitational Force

\(F=\dfrac{G \cdot m_1 \cdot m_2}{r^2}\)

where:

Given values:

Substitute the values into the formula and solve for F:

\(\implies F=\dfrac{(6.7 \times 10^{-11}) \cdot 50 \cdot 120}{10^2}\)

\(\implies F=\dfrac{40200\times 10^{-11}}{100}\)

\(\implies F=402\times 10^{-11}\)

\(\implies F=4.02\times 10^{-9}\;\;\sf N\)

Therefore, the force of gravitation between the two objects is:

Given:

To find:-

Solution:-

As we know that,

F = G m m'/r²

where m and m' are masses and r is the distance between them. on substituting the respective values, we have,

F = 6.67 *10-¹¹ * 50 * 120 / 10² N

F = 402 * 10-¹¹ N

F = 4.02 * 10² * 10-¹¹N

F = 4.02 * 10-⁹ N

and we are done!

Answer:

See below!

Explanation:

Force = F = 50 N

Angle = θ = 38.8°

Horizontal and vertical components of force = ?

\(F_x=Fcos \theta\\\\F_y=Fsin \theta\)

Horizontal component of force:

\(F_x=(50)cos38.8\\\\F_x=(50)(0.77)\\\\F_x\approx 38.9\)

Vertical component of force:

\(F_y=(50)sin(38.8)\\\\F_y=(50)(0.62)\\\\F_y\approx 31.3\\\\\rule[225]{225}{2}\)

Answer:

102000N/m2

This is the same as 102KN/m2 (where K = 10^3):

Explanation:

The expression 750 mmHg means 750 height the atmospheric pressure will cause mercury to be suspended due to gravity.

If we brought another fluid under investigation under the influence of the atmospheric pressure the height would be different)

Note that 750 mmHg would be the same as 750/1000 m Hg ( when we convert the mm to m)

0.75mHg

Now to get the pressure in N/m2.

We multiply the height of mercury by the density by the acceleration due to gravity.

This is expressed mathematically thus;

H×d × g ; let d- denote density

Hence we have;

H×d × g = 0.75 × 13600 × 10= 102000N/m2;

Now let's look at the flip.side assuming you don't know the formula for what you require you could use the idea of Unit derivation ;

The unit of interest is N/m2

The unit of height is m

The unit of density is kg/m3

The unit of g is Nkg-1

We would observe if we multiply

m × N/Kg × Kg/m3

We would have (m× N × Kg)/(kg×m3)

Kg cancels out, m cancels out one m from me remaining m2.

Hence our unit becomes N/m2

Note : the unit for density is wrongly expressed remember density is Mass/ volume and their units are respectively kg/m3

The atmospheric pressure on a particular day was measured as 750 mm of Hg. this would be in 102000 N/m²  ( By Assuming the density of

mercury is 13600 kg/m3 and g =10Nkg-1

The total applied force per unit of area is known as the pressure.

The pressure depends both on externally applied force as well the area on which it is applied.

The mathematical expression for the pressure

Pressure = Force /Area

the pressure is expressed by the unit pascal or N /m²

As given in the problem The atmospheric pressure on a particular day was measured as 750 mm of Hg.

Atmospheric pressure is measured by the formula

P = ρgh

where ρ is the density of the mercury

g is the acceleration due to gravity

h is the height of the liquid

By substituting the respective values

P = 13600*10*(750/1000)

P = 102000 N/m²

Thus, the atmospheric pressure would be 102000 in N/m².

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Answer:

50 cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid is a six-fold excess of acid. In this reaction, the magnesium and acid are gradually used up. However the acid is in excess, so it is mainly the loss of magnesium (surface area becomes smaller) that causes the change in the rate.

Explanation:

The equation for the reaction is: magnesium + hydrochloric acid → magnesium chloride + hydrogen

Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)

Students follow the rate of reaction between magnesium and the acid, by measuring the amount of gas produced at 10 second intervals.

3 cm of magnesium ribbon typically has a mass of 0.04 g and yields 40 cm3 of hydrogen when reacted with excess acid. 50 cm3 of 1M hydrochloric acid is a six-fold excess of acid.

In this reaction, the magnesium and acid are gradually used up. However the acid is in excess, so it is mainly the loss of magnesium (surface area becomes smaller) that causes the change in the rate.

If a graph of volume (y-axis) against time (x-axis) is drawn, the slope of the graph is steepest at the beginning. This shows that the reaction is fastest at the start. As the magnesium is used up, the rate falls. This can be seen on the graph, as the slope becomes less steep and then levels out when the reaction has stopped (when no more gas is produced).

The reaction is exothermic, but the dilute acid is in excess and the rise in temperature is only of the order of 3.5˚C. There is some acceleration of the reaction rate due to the rise in temperature. Some students might notice the flask becoming slightly warm and they could be asked how this would affect the rate of reaction, and how they might adapt the experiment to make it a ‘fair test’.

Additional information

This is a resource from the Practical Chemistry project, developed by the Nuffield Foundation and the Royal Society of Chemistry. This collection of over 200 practical activities demonstrates a wide range of chemical concepts and processes. Each activity contains comprehensive information for teachers and technicians, including full technical notes and step-by-step procedures. Practical Chemistry activities accompany Practical Physics and Practical Biology.

To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to Le Chatelier′s Principle. Therefore, when concentration of hydrochloric acid was changed. the concentration of product will also change.

When a stress is given to a chemical system in equilibrium, the equilibrium shifts to alleviate the tension, according to Le Chatelier′s Principle. In other words, it can anticipate the outcome of a chemical reaction with response to changes in temperature, concentration, quantity, or pressure.

While Le Chatelier's concept can be used to anticipate the reaction to a change from equilibrium, it doesn't explain why the system behaves as it does (at the molecular level).

Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) \(\rightarrow\) MgCl\(_2\)(aq) + H\(_2\)(g)

According to  Le Chatelier′s Principle, when concentration of hydrochloric acid was changed. the concentration of product will also change.

Therefore, when concentration of hydrochloric acid was changed. the concentration of product will also change.

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Answer:

Explanation: O B. Diffraction

According to Snell's law, the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle of refraction is constant when light passes through a boundary between two media.

This constant is known as the refractive index of the second medium, in this case, polystyrene.

The formula for Snell's law is:\(n1sin(theta1) = n2sin(theta2)\), where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media, and theta1 and theta2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively, measured from the normal to the surface.

Assuming the refractive index of air is 1 (which is very close to the actual value), and the refractive index of polystyrene is 1.59, we can use Snell's law to find the angle of refraction:

sin(theta2) = (n1/n2)*sin(theta1) = (1/1.59)*sin(40) ≈ 0.393

Taking the inverse sine of both sides gives:

theta2 ≈ 23.4 degrees

Therefore, the refracted ray makes an angle of approximately 23.4 degrees with the plane of the surface.

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a)the expression for the voltage vR across the resistor is `vR = 4.925 sin(480t)

b) the voltage `vR` across the resistor at `t = 2.00 ms` is `1.576 V`.

(a) Expression for the voltage vR across the resistor:

From the question above, a 0.200 H inductor is connected in series with a 100 Ω resistor and an ac source, and the voltage across the inductor is vl=−(12.5v)sin[(480rad/s)t].

Formula to find the voltage vR across the resistor, which is given by;`vR = V_s (R/√(R² + ωL²)) * sin(ωt - Φ)`

Where, `Vs = 12.5V`, `ω = 480 rad/s`, `R = 100 Ω` and `L = 0.200 H`.

Here, we need to find the value of the phase angle Φ to solve for the voltage vR.

Let, `X_L` be the inductive reactance.Inductive reactance `X_L = ωL = 480 * 0.200 = 96 Ω`

We know that in a series L-R-C circuit, the impedance Z is given by;`Z = √(R² + (X_L - X_C)²)`

Here, `X_C` is the capacitive reactance and is zero for the circuit considered.

Since the circuit is a series circuit, the voltage across the inductor and resistor are in phase.So, Phase angle `Φ = 0`.

Substituting the values in the formula for `vR`, we get;`vR = 12.5 * (100/√(100² + 96²)) * sin(480t)`

Simplifying the above expression, we get;`vR = 4.925 sin(480t)`

Thus, the expression for the voltage vR across the resistor is `vR = 4.925 sin(480t)

b) Voltage vR at t = 2.00 ms:We have the expression for the voltage vR across the resistor as `vR = 4.925 sin(480t)`.

Substituting `t = 2.00 ms` in the above expression, we get;`vR = 4.925 sin(480 * 2.00 * 10^(-3)) = 1.576 V`

Therefore, the voltage `vR` across the resistor at `t = 2.00 ms` is `1.576 V`.

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Answer:

2. wavelength

3. Crest

4. Rest

5. Trough

6. Amplitude

Explanation: