The name of the alkene is :
4-chlorine-1,4-dimethyl-cyclo-hex-1,2-ene
The compound has a methyl group (CH₃) on the first and fourth carbon and a double bond between 1st and 2nd carbon with a chlorine group on the fifth carbon.
This is a cyclic compound with all the bonds saturated and one double bond so it will fall under the category of alkene.
According to the IUPAC rules,
The carbon having the heaviest group will be numbered 1.
Here, first carbon had a methyl group and also a double bond.
Moving further in the direction of bond on second carbon the numbering will be done.
This will lead to fourth carbon having another methyl group and this position is called para.
The next to para position, on the fifth carbon is the Chlorine group.
Although the heaviest group and double bond is on carbon 1 but still the name will not start from carbon 1.
According to another rule of IUPAC, if there are more than 2 groups then the name will always be written in the alphabetical manner and the parent chain is written at last.
So, the name starts from chlorine and then the methyl group and the parent chain of 6 carbon, that is, hexene but since its a ring so, cyclo-hexene with the number of carbons sharing double bond, in ascending order).
Therefore, the name according to the IUPAC rules will be 4-chlorine-1,4-dimethyl-cyclo-hex-1,2-ene.
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B. How do you think the physical properties (strength, flexibility, and viscosity) of the polymer would change if more borate had been added
It became thicker and its viscosity decreased and cannot flow as easily as before.
You ignite a chemical reaction by adding the borax solution to the glue mixture.
In a chemical reaction, the molecules of glue and borax combine to form a flexible, springy new substance. With rubber's vulcanization serving as a model, chemical cross-linking has been extensively employed to change the physical properties of polymeric materials.
Chemical links between polymer chains provide a substance with a more solid structure and perhaps a better-defined shape. It thickened and lost viscosity, making it more difficult to flow than it once could.
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The density of water is ____________.
Answer:
The density of water is 1 g/mL.
Explanation:
Potassium iodide and lead(II) nitrate solutions react together to form a precipitate of lead(II) iodide: 2KI(aq) + Pb(NO3)2(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2KNO3(aq) In each of the following cases, carry out the calculations to determine the quantities required. a If 1.0 mol of potassium iodide reacts with 1.0 mol of lead(II) nitrate, determine which reactant is in excess and by how many moles. b If 0.50 mol of potassium iodide reacts with 2.0 mol of lead(II) nitrate, determine which reactant is in excess and by how many moles. c If 1.00 g of lead(II) nitrate reacts with 1.50 g of potassium iodide, determine which reactant is in excess and the mass of lead(II) iodide that forms. d If 50.0 mL of 1.00 M lead(II) nitrate solution reacts with 75.0 mL of 0.500 M potassium iodide solution, determine which reactant is in excess the mass of lead(II) iodide that forms
As a result, 0.231liters of the 0.150M potassium iodide solution would be required to thoroughly react with the supplied lead(II) nitrate solution.
What occurs when a solution of lead nitrate combines with a solution of potassium iodide?When a solution of potassium iodide is introduced to a solution of lead nitrate in a test tube, a yellowish solid precipitates.
Lead iodide is a whitish solid. Along with lead iodide, potassium nitrate is generated. This is a reaction with two displacements.
The reaction between lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2] and potassium iodide (Kl) results in the creation of potassium nitrate (KNO3) and a yellow precipitate of lead iodide (PbI2).
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percent composition for Na2S
Answer:
i gotchu my g
Explanation:
Element Symbol Mass Percent
Sodium Na 58.914%
Sulfur S 41.086%
write all products and relevant tests and observations when KOH reacts with NH4NO3
Answer:
get a bucket and a mop that's a wap that's wap I'm talking wobble wobble wobble that's a wap
Which of the following best describes an ecosystem in a California tide pool?
Answer: i think your answer is The giant green anemones, the ochre sea stars, and the red octopuses because an ecosystem means all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. If not then your other option would be A a school of fluffy sculpins.
Hope this helped you!
Answer:
The rocks, the salt water, and the California mussles
Explanation:
When pt metal is used as a catalyst for the previous reaction, we see that the mechanism changes and the reaction is much faster. The activation energy is found to be 98. 4 kj mol-1 with the catalyst at room temperature. How much would you have to raise the temperature to get the catalyzed reaction to run 100 times faster than it does at room temperature with the catalyst? please answer in kelvin and report your answer two places past the decimal.
The temperature needs to be raised by about 28.15°C to make the catalyzed reaction 100 times faster.
To calculate the temperature increase required to make the catalyzed reaction 100 times faster, we can apply the Arrhenius equation.
The rate constants at temperatures T1 and T2 are denoted by k1 and k2 respectively, while Ea is the activation energy (98.4 kJ mol-1) and R is the gas constant (8.314 J K-1 mol-1).
Since we want the reaction rate to increase by a factor of 100, we can write the ratio of rate constants as k2/k1 = 100. Rearranging the equation and solving for T2, we get:
\(T_2 = (Ea / R)*{ln(k_2/k_1)}^-^1 + T_1\)
Assuming the room temperature T1 is 298 K, we can plug in the values:
\(T_2 = (98.4 * 10^3 J mol^-^1 / 8.314 J K^-^1 mol^-^1) * {ln(100)}^-^1 + 298 K\\T_2 = 326.3 K\)
To convert T2 to degrees Celsius, we subtract 273.15:
T2 = 326.3 - 273.15 ≈ 53.15°C
Therefore, the temperature needs to be raised by about 28.15°C to make the catalyzed reaction 100 times faster.
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Argon (Ar): (Ne) 3s2 3p6
O longhand notation
O noble-gas notation
Answer:
It is Noble-gas notation
Explanation:
Just did it on Edgenuity 2020
Two or more than two atoms with different physical or chemical properties can not combine together to form an element. Therefore, the given electronic configuration represents noble-gas notation.
What is element?Element generally consist of atoms or we can atoms combine to form element. Atoms of an element is always same, means all the properties of all atoms of one type of element is same.
The systematic distribution of electrons in the various atomic orbitals is called its electronic configuration. The atomic number of argon is 18. The electronic configuration of argon is (Ne) 3s² 3p⁶. 1,2,3 represents the number of shells and s and represents the orbitals. The superscripts represents the number of electrons in each orbitals. The given electronic configuration represents noble-gas notation.
Therefore, the given electronic configuration represents noble-gas notation.
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How many molecules of CO2 are equivalent to 112g CO2 scientific figures
Answer:
N(CO2) = n(CO2) x Avogadros constant
n(CO2) = mass(CO2)/Molar mass(CO2) = 112/44 = 2.5454….
N(CO2) = 2.545454… x (6.02 x 10^23) = 1.5323636 x 10^24
Therefore, the number of CO2 molecules in 112 g of CO2 = 1.53 x 10^24 molecules
1.53 × 10²⁴ molecules CO₂
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableAvogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.Stoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
112 g CO₂
Step 2: Identify Conversions
Avogadro's Number
[PT] Molar Mass of C - 12.01 g/mol
[PT] Molar Mass of O - 16.00 g/mol
Molar Mass of CO₂ - 12.01 + 2(16.00) = 44.01 g/mol
Step 3: Convert
[Dimensional Analysis] Set up: \(\displaystyle 112 \ g \ CO_2(\frac{1 \ mol \ CO_2}{44.01 \ g \ CO_2})(\frac{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ molecules \ CO_2}{1 \ mol \ CO_2})\)[Dimensional Analysis] Multiply/Divide [Cancel out units]: \(\displaystyle 1.53252 \cdot 10^{24} \ molecules \ CO_2\)Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules and round. We are given 3 sig figs.
1.53252 × 10²⁴ molecules CO₂ ≈ 1.53 × 10²⁴ molecules CO₂
Fill in the table with the correct number of each subatomic particle for the elements given the isotope mass number. (12 pts)
You can fill in the table for other elements and their respective isotopes by determining the appropriate number of protons, neutrons, and electrons based on the given isotope mass number and atomic number.
To accurately fill in the table with the correct number of subatomic particles for the elements given the isotope mass number, we need to consider the composition of atoms and their respective subatomic particles. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons.
The number of protons in an atom is equivalent to its atomic number, which uniquely identifies the element. The number of neutrons can be determined by subtracting the atomic number from the isotope mass number. Electrons in a neutral atom are equal to the number of protons.
Let's take an example using the isotope mass number:
Isotope: Carbon-14 (mass number = 14)
Element: Carbon (atomic number = 6)Based on the atomic number and isotope mass number, we can determine the number of subatomic particles as follows:
Protons: 6 (same as the atomic number)
Neutrons: 14 - 6 = 8
Electrons: 6 (same as the number of protons in a neutral atom)
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The temperature of water at the bottom of the deep ocean near the equator is likely to be closest to
12 Celsius
19 Celsius
50 Celsius
2 Celsius
Answer:
Four folk love legends: "Cowhand and Weaver Girl", "Meng Jiangnu crying at the Great Wall" (cry Wan Xiliang), "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai", "The Legend of the White Snake", the author does not know
The development history of the Four ancient Chinese folk legends: China is a country with a vast territory and abundant resources and a long history, which contains extremely rich national cultural heritage. Among them, the four most Chinese ones are the famous "Cowhand and Weaver Girl", "Meng Jiangnu", "Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai" and "The Legend of the White Snake". The most widespread, the most influential.
Brief introduction: the gigolo knit legend began in the book of songs, cable ":" Qi he vega ", "Huan he cow". "Nineteen Ancient Poems · Long Distance Star" has called the cowherd and weaver girl husband and wife. Ying Shao "custom" Yi wen: "Zhinv Tanabata when crossing the river, make magpie bridge, legend has it that the magpie head without reason all Kun, because beam (note: bridge) to cross Zhinv also. The story has been preliminarily formed and combined with the Qixi Festival custom.
The legend of Meng Jiangnu originated from the record of Qi Liang's wife refusing to hang herself in the area of the Marquis of Qi and adhering to the rules of etiquette in the Zhuan. Later, it was added in the Dangong that "Duke Zhuang of Qi attacked Ju and took away (tunnel) and Qi Liang died. The weeping wife who greeted his coffin on the road is the archetype of the story. Han Liu Xiang's Biography of Liannu (IV) : "Qi Liangzhu died in battle, his wife cried in the city, ten days the city collapsed." And Tang (anonymous) "carved jade collection" record "Qin when Yan Qi Liang, married Meng Chao female Zhongzi wife, because good was built the Great Wall officials killed, Zhongzi cry under the Great Wall, the city collapsed. It is known that this legend was popular in the Tang Dynasty, but Meng Zhongzi and Qiliang were renamed Meng Jiangnv and Fan Xiliang in the legend. The story of Butterfly lovers first appeared in Tang's "Ten Taoist and Four Tibetan Records", which recorded the story of Liang and Zhu "having a taste of schoolmates" and "sharing the tomb". There are more detailed records in Xuanbaozhi of late Tang Zhang Reading. To the Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's "Ancient and modern novels", and added to the British Taiwan confused belt, Liang Shanbo doubts and butterflies.
The story of White Snake came into being the latest. The origin of the story is as follows. It originates from the Three Towers of West Lake. To the Ming Dynasty Feng Menglong's "Lady White Forever Town Leifeng Pagoda" (" Warning Word "), the story has been preliminarily finalized.
What is the term for the chromosomes that are identical after DNA replication?
Sister chromatids is the term for the chromosomes that are identical after DNA replication.
Sister chromatids are identical chromosomes that are created during the process of DNA replication. DNA replication is the process where a DNA strand is copied, creating a new strand. During this process, each chromosome is split in half, forming two identical halves.
These halves are known as sister chromatids and are held together by a centromere. Sister chromatids are attached to one another during the interphase stage of the cell cycle and are separated during the metaphase stage of the cell cycle.
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what is non polar with the absorbent?
A non-polar absorbent is a substance that can absorb or soak up other substances, but it only absorbs substances that are also non-polar.
Non-polar substances are those that do not have a separation of electric charge, meaning they do not have positive and negative ends.
Examples of non-polar absorbents include oils and fats. These substances can absorb other non-polar substances, such as other oils, but they cannot absorb polar substances, such as water. This is because polar and non-polar substances have different chemical properties and do not mix with each other.
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6. The melting point of iodine is 114°C and the boiling point is 183°C. What state will Iodine be at each of these temperatures:
70°C –
210°C –
185°C –
127°C –
0°C –
Answer:
the answer is known as 210°c
Which of the following appliances increase CFC's in the atmosphere?
(2 Points)
A.Refrigerators
B.Microwave ovens
C.Washing machines
D.Televisions
Answer:
Television cause it has a satellite
CHCl3 has how many double bonds?
Answer:
It has two sigma bonds ( the single bonds between each H and C) plus one pi bond and one sigma bond that consitute the double bond between C and O. It contains three covalent bonds, one . Hydrogen Bond Donor Count: 0: Computed by Cactvs 3.4.
Explanation:
Hope it helps you!
9.27 mol of oxygen is equal to______molecules of oxygen
Please help I need it
5.58 × 10²⁴ molecules O₂
General Formulas and Concepts:Math
Pre-Algebra
Order of Operations: BPEMDAS
Brackets Parenthesis Exponents Multiplication Division Addition Subtraction Left to RightChemistry
Atomic Structure
Reading a Periodic TableAvogadro's Number - 6.022 × 10²³ atoms, molecules, formula units, etc.Stoichiometry
Using Dimensional AnalysisExplanation:Step 1: Define
9.27 mol O₂ (Oxygen)
Step 2: Identify Conversions
Avogadro's Number
Step 3: Convert
Set up: \(\displaystyle 9.27 \ mol \ O_2(\frac{6.022 \cdot 10^{23} \ molecules \ O_2}{1 \ mol \ O_2})\)Multiply/Divide: \(\displaystyle 5.58239 \cdot 10^{24} \ molecules \ O_2\)Step 4: Check
Follow sig fig rules. We are given 3 sig figs.
5.58239 × 10²⁴ molecules O₂ ≈ 5.58 × 10²⁴ molecules O₂
The concentration of CO_2 in the Earth's atmosphere prior to significant human influences was
390ppm 280ppm 480ppm 160ppm
The Earth's atmospheric CO2 concentration was around 280ppm before human activities, but since the Industrial Revolution, burning fossil fuels has increased it to above 400ppm, well outside the range.
The concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere prior to significant human influences was 280ppm.
Before human activities, such as burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was relatively stable for thousands of years. This pre-industrial concentration of CO2 was around 280 parts per million (ppm).
To put it into perspective, 280ppm means that for every million molecules of air, around 280 of them were CO2 molecules. This level was maintained through a balance between natural sources of CO2, like volcanic activity and respiration, and natural sinks, such as photosynthesis and ocean absorption.
Since the Industrial Revolution, the burning of fossil fuels has significantly increased the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. Currently, the concentration is above 400ppm, which is considered to be well outside the range seen in the past 800,000 years.
In summary, the concentration of CO2 in the Earth's atmosphere prior to significant human influences was approximately 280ppm.
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Ulfuric acid is found in some types of batteries. What volume of 3.50 m h2so4 is required to prepare 250.0 ml of 1.25 m h2so4?
The volume sulfuric acid will be 89.3mL.
Volume will be determined by the molarity relation. The quantity of a substance in a specific volume of solution is known as its molarity (M). The number of moles of a component per liter of a solution would be known as molarity. The molar concentration of any solution would be another name for molarity.
The volume can be calculated by using molarity formula:
\(M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}\)
Given data:
\(M_{1}\) = 3.50 m
\(M_{2}\) = 1.25 m
\(V_{1}\)= 250.0 ml
Put the value of given data in above formula:
\(M_{1} V_{1} = M_{2} V_{2}\)
( 3.50 m) ( 250 mL) = ( 1.25 m) \(V_{2}\)
\(V_{2}\) = 89.3mL
Therefore, the volume sulfuric acid will be 89.3mL.
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Which of the following best accounts for why
malleability occurs?
(A) The highly flexible structure of the atoms due to lack
of an internal structure.
(B) The high potential energy of the substance due to the
free floating electrons.
(C) The ability of the cations to slide past one another due to the delocalization of the electrons.
(D) The repulsion of the cations for each other causes the solid to easily spread with little resistance.
The best explanation for malleability among the given options is (C) The ability of the cations to slide past one another due to the delocalization of the electrons. Option C
Malleability refers to the property of a substance to be deformed or shaped into different forms without breaking or cracking. In metallic substances, such as metals, the atoms are arranged in a closely packed lattice structure held together by metallic bonds.
These metallic bonds involve the delocalization of electrons, meaning that the valence electrons are not bound to specific atoms but instead move freely throughout the metal lattice.
The delocalization of electrons allows for the cations (positively charged ions) to slide past one another when a force is applied. As a result, the metal can be easily deformed into various shapes without disrupting the overall structure.
Option (A) is incorrect because atoms do have internal structures. Option (B) is not specific to malleability and refers more to the concept of potential energy. Option (D) does not accurately explain the mechanism behind malleability. Therefore, option (C) provides the most accurate explanation for why malleability occurs in metallic substances.
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why would replacing the air inside a metal organ pipe with helium gas raise the pipe's pitch?
Replacing the air inside a metal organ pipe with helium gas would raise the pipe's pitch because helium gas has a lower molecular weight than air. This means that the speed of sound is faster in helium gas than in air. When a pipe is blown, the air molecules inside it vibrate and create sound waves.
The frequency of these sound waves determines the pitch of the note that is produced.
When helium gas is used instead of air, the sound waves travel faster through the lighter gas, resulting in a higher frequency and therefore a higher pitch. This is because the wavelength of the sound waves is shorter in helium gas than in air, so more waves can fit inside the pipe during a given period of time, resulting in a higher frequency.
Overall, replacing the air inside a metal organ pipe with helium gas is a way to alter the pitch of the note produced, making it higher due to the faster speed of sound in helium gas.
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what is meant bt absolute 0 temperature?
Absolute zero is an idea in thermodynamics that describes the lowest energy system.
Explanation:Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the study of thermal energy and heat. One of the most important ideas in thermodynamics is entropy. Entropy is defined as the chaos within a system. Chaos is the movement or different orientations of molecules in a system. Entropy is related to temperature; the higher the temperature, the higher the entropy. High entropy means there is a large amount of chaos in a system, while low entropy is low chaos.
Absolute zero
Absolute zero occurs when the temperature of a system is 0 kelvin or -273.15 °C. Zero kelvin is the theoretical temperature in which entropy equals 0. This means that there is no movement or energy within a system. Absolute zero is the lowest energy a system can possibly have.
6. Perform the following calculations and report each answer to the correct number of significant figures: a. 162.1 g + 38.73 g + 1.554 g
b. 21.9 m + 6.34 m + 157 m
c. 0.004 dm + 0.12508 dm
d. 2.0 L + 2.4L + 2.51L
e. .025 mol + .0267 mol + .00287 mol
f. 9.88 s-7.2 s
g. 44.7 kg - 2.7 kg
h. 20 L - 20.0 L i. 2.89g - 3.00g
j. 8.894 mL - 9.23 mL
Answer:
Explanation:
a) 202.4 g
b) 185.24 m
c) 0.13 dm
d) 6.91 L
e)0.0546 mol
f) 2.7 s
g) 42kg
h) 0
i) -0.11 g
j) -0.34 mL
The difference in the direction is caused by the ______________.Please help!
Determine the heat released when 36.0 g of water condenses at 100 degrees celsius.
if your water heater can supply 40 kbtu/h (thats kilo-btu/h), how long will it take to heat this water?
If a water heater can supply 40 KBTU/h then it will take 35.64 second to heat the water. This is calculated using the specific heat of water and the power concept.
The electrical energy is used totally depends on the total power used by all the electrical devices and the total time they are used. One kilowatt hour is equal to 1000 watts of power used for one hour of time.
time taken= energy required/ power delivered
System is used to define the measurement of a physical quantity. It is termed as the unit. Different types of unit measurement systems used are the SI unit system, MKS unit system, Imperial unit system, British unit system, etc.
1 BTU = 1055.6 J
Specific heat of water Cw. = 4186 J/Kg.
Time taken = energy required / power
= 100 . Cw. / 1055.6 * 40*
= 100 * 4186 / 1055.6 * 40 .
= 9.9 * hours
= 35.64 sec
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h0 = 176 kj·mol-1 and i:!.g0 = 91.2 kj·mol-1 at 298 k. what is the value of i:!.g at 1000 k?
The value of ΔG at 1000 K is approximately 123643.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\).
How to calculate ΔG at 1000 K?To calculate the value of ΔG at 1000 K, we can use the equation:
ΔG2 = ΔG1 + ΔH(T2 - T1)
Where:
ΔG2 is the change in Gibbs free energy at the desired temperature (1000 K)
ΔG1 is the change in Gibbs free energy at the initial temperature (298 K)
ΔH is the change in enthalpy (heat) of the reaction
T2 and T1 are the desired and initial temperatures, respectively.
Given:
ΔH0 = 176 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)
ΔG0 = 91.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)
T1 = 298 K
T2 = 1000 K
Substituting the values into the equation:
ΔG2 = ΔG1 + ΔH(T2 - T1)
ΔG2 = 91.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\) + 176 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)(1000 K - 298 K)
Now, let's calculate ΔG2:
ΔG2 = 91.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)+ 176 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)(702 K)
ΔG2 = 91.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\) + 123552 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)
ΔG2 = 123643.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\)
Therefore, the value of ΔG at 1000 K is approximately 123643.2 kJ·mol\(^(-1)\).
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Order: Streptomycin 0.25g
Available: A vial of Stroptomycin powder. Directions: Reconstitute with 9mL of sterile water for a concentration of 400mg/2mL.
a. What is the order?
b. What is the available?
c. How many mL will be administered?
A- The order is to administer Streptomycin 0.25g.
b. The available is a vial of Streptomycin powder, which can be reconstituted with 9 mL of sterile water to obtain a concentration of 400 mg/2 mL.
c. The patient will be administered a volume of 1.25 mL of the reconstituted Streptomycin solution.
To calculate the volume to be administered, we first convert the ordered dosage from grams to milligrams: 0.25g = 250mg.
Next, we use the concentration of the reconstituted solution, which is 400 mg/2 mL. This means that 2 mL of the solution contains 400 mg of Streptomycin. We set up a proportion to find the volume (X mL) that contains the required 250 mg:
400 mg / 2 mL = 250 mg / X mL
Cross-multiplying and solving for X, we get:
400 mg * X mL = 2 mL * 250 mg
X = (2 * 250) / 400 = 500 / 400 = 1.25 mL
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2
What is the weight of an object of mass 8.5 kg?
Answer:83.3 (kg*m)/s^2
Explanation:weight is the combination of the mass of an object and the gravitational force on it.
Weight=mass (kg) * gravity
Gravity=9.8 m/s^2
Weight= (8.5 kg)*(9.8 m/s^2)
There are 83.3N of weight in an object of mass 8.5 kg.
HOW TO CALCULATE WEIGHT:
The weight of an object is the mass of the object in relation to gravity. Weight is measured in Newton (unit of force). The weight can be calculated by multiplying the mass of the object by acceleration due to gravity on Earth i.e. Weight (N) = mass (kg) × gravity (m/s²)According to this question, an object with a mass of 8.5kg is given. The weight is calculated as follows:Weight = 8.5kg × 9.8m/s²Weight = 83.3NTherefore, there are 83.3N of weight in an object of mass 8.5 kg.Learn more at: https://brainly.com/question/8164654?referrer=searchResults
Jackie performs an experiment on how the type of music played in a room can affect
plant growth. In her experiment, the independent variable is the—
A. Color of flower
B. Type of music
C. Height of plant
D. Type of plant
Answer:
B. Type of music.
Explanation:
"how the type of music played in a room can affect plant growth."
The independent variable is the variable that is changed for the purpose of the experiment. The type of music is the independent variable here.