Minerals have a crystal structure, yet, crystals are relatively rare. What are the reasons for this?

Answer:

What are relatively rare are crystals of a size visible to the naked eye, and also showing most of the faces that reveal the internal symmetry of their atomic pattern.

Explanation:

Being crystalline, i.e. having a regularly repeated three-dimensional atomic pattern, does not mean that a mineral necessarily formed under conditions where it could nucleate (i.e. assemble as the tiny cluster of atoms that is the “seed” of a single crystal) and keep growing large flat faces until a regular shape becomes visible to the observer.

To a crystallographer who can seek proof of internal atomic order by X-ray diffraction, the actual size of a solid made of highly ordered matter is irrelevant. Specific techniques (variants of X-ray diffraction methods, or polarizing microscopy) can reveal that a solid material is made of a single crystal (i.e. a uniform atomic pattern is repeated in the same orientation anywhere throughout the solid) or consists of many crystals (the same pattern occurs, but it is oriented differently in what are considered individual crystals regardless of their individual shape or size).

For precision, a crystallographer or a mineralogist will use terms such as “monocrystalline” (the atomic pattern has a single orientation throughout the entire specimen, regardless of shape and size) and “polycrystalline” (the specimen is an aggregate, or collection, of “domains” or “grains” in which the atomic pattern is in an orientation different from its neighbours).

A perfect single crystal of quartz, broken in several chunks, doesn’t lose its internal atomic pattern, only its external “habit” (the overall shape imparted by the flat faces that grew, layer by layer, along directions controlled by the rate of addition to the atomic pattern). Each individual broken chip of quartz is considered “monocrystalline” by the mineralogist, even if none ofo them is the whole original crystal.

Most igneous and metamorphic rocks are polycrystalline, i.e. entirely made of crystals, often tightly packed and interlocked. You may discern individual grains mostly when light reflects off surfaces exposed by breaking along preferred directions within some minerals, or because grains from different minerals contrast in colour or luster. Few of the grains will have a regular geometric shape, despite each one being a single crystal. In the case of an igneous rock, some of the well-formed crystal are typically minerals who grew early from the still-liquid magma. Most of the other minerals simply filled the remaining space. If an igneous magma was “gassy” or “watery”, those volatiles may have remained trapped in the last stages of crystallization and formed late pockets in which a few crystals of exceptional quality grew from the remaining dilute magma and had the space needed to fully develop perfect faces. In many rocks, it is later fractures that provided an “open space” in which crystals could grow larger and with well-developed faces from hydrothermal fluids (overheated ion-rich waters), for the future delight of collectors.

What is the fourth step of virus reproduction?
A. New virus particles are released
B.the host cell Copies the generic information
C. New virus particles are made
D. The host cell reads the Generic information

Help, please!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

Look at the diagram of the rock cycle below.

Which part of the cycle is missing?
A.
sedimentation
B.
melting
C.
crystallization
D.
mineral integration

Which parts of the compound light microscope can be used to improve the quality of the image being observed?

a.) diaphragm and fine adjustment
b.) ocular and high power objective
c.) coarse adjustment and low power objective
d.) ocular and diaphragm

The higher the _____, the more a sunscreen will protect skin from UV Rays.

The theory of evolution has changed over time. Initially, Lamarck believed that organisms developed traits in response to a changing environment to improve their chances of survival. Later Darwin proposed that organisms that already possessed traits suitable to a changing environment were more likely to survive and reproduce.

Which of the following does not explain why the theory of evolution has changed?

A. Lamarck’s theory was discarded when new scientific information became available.

B. Darwin collected empirical evidence to support that organisms with favorable traits survived and reproduced.

C. The theory of evolution became a scientific law after much debate and confirmation in the scientific community.

D. Other scientists such as Peter and Rosemary Grant have collected additional empirical evidence that supports Darwin’s findings.

It is theorized that the continents on Earth were once joined together,
forming a supercontinent called Pangaea. How long ago did Pangaea
exist? How were the continents of Africa and South America arranged in
relation to each other? Describe one piece of evidence to support their
relationship. Write your response in complete sentences

vocabulary magic- weathering, erosion, deposition

compare heter0zygous genotype and hom0zygous genotype

Help me thanks!!!!!!

Question 4 (1 point)
Solar panels that heat water use the Sun's radiant energy to reduce the need for non-renewable energy sources.
-O True
O False

Describe each structure of the heart:

Septum:

Left and right atrium:

Pacemaker:

Left and right ventricles:

Valves:

Which arrow or arrows represent a release of carbon dioxide? What process is occurring at the arrow(s) you selected?

Which type of plate boundary occurs where two plates collide?

Not all cells are alike. Which of the following is NOT a true statement about differences between cells?
a. Cells come in many different shapes.
b. Different kinds of cells are different sizes.
c. Some cells have a nucleus, but others do not.
d. Most cells have a membrane, but some do not.

Question
What is one function of the nervous system in humans?

Responses

To transport materials throughout the body.

To bring in oxygen and expel carbon dioxide.

To respond to stimuli in the environment.

To digest food and absorb nutrients.

Highly organized systems like living cells should have _____.

a. High energy

b. High entropy

c. Low entropy

d. Low energy

Conclusions, How are Mendel’s discoveries important in the world of science?

Plant and animal cells are surrounded by a cell membrane, but only plant cells have a rigid ______.

Write a short paragraph to describe viscosity. Include at least two examples of fluids and the words “flow,” “fluid,” “particles,” and “viscosity.”

3RD TIME ASKING PLEASE HELP ME :)
Assignment: 02.04 Thermal Energy and Chemical Change
Details Submit the assignment following the instructions in the lesson.
Due Date N/A
Points Possible 40
Course Contribution 40
Submissions Allowed 3
Submission Number

5. Complete the sentences to describe some important examples of active transport.

The concentration of glucose molecules in the ___________ of the
small intestine is ___________ than the concentration inside the
intestinal villi. This means that glucose would ___________ from the
villi into the lumen, but this can’t happen because the body needs to take
in the glucose, not lose it. Instead, special ___________ proteins in
the cell membrane use ___________ to move the glucose into the villi
against its ___________ gradient.
Similarly, the amount of glucose inside of the blood in the kidneys is
___________ than it is in the tubule, but it must move out of the
tubule. Glucose moves into the blood by ___________
___________.

The voltage in a circuit is the amount of energy provided to electrons. The current is the flow of electrons. Predict whether increasing the voltage will increase or decrease the amount of current in a circuit.

Which pair of structures would provide a positive identification of an animal cell under a microscope?

A: plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum


B: cell wall, chromatin


C: lysosome, flagellum


D: Golgi apparatus, mitochondrion

Both get something from the relationship. The fungus gets (4..................................) and (5...................................) from its partner as it carries out (6...................................) . The alga or bacterium gets (7. ..................................) and (8. ..................................) from the fungus. It’s a perfect relationship! Together, this pair can grow on (9...................................) , creating (10...................................) where there was none.
what should go on the blank spaces with the following words; sugars, soil, photosynthesis, rock, water, minerals, or oxygen

How did the Industrial Revolution contribute to global climate change?
A. It led to an increased use of alternative fuels other than fossil fuels.
B. It led to an increased use of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels.
C. It led to the release of chemicals that destroyed the ozone layer.
D. It led to the development of nonrenewable sources of energy. (I think it's B. Please correct me if I'm wrong.)

explain how the following helps a plant to survive:
(a) fast growth
(b) a deep, wide root system
(c) brightly coloured flowers

A diagram that shows the amount of energy that flows from one level of 10 points
a food web to the next is alan:

Food Chain
Ecosystem
Energy Flow Diagram
Energy Pyramid

5. Read the scenarios below. For each of the scenarios, identify the following (you should identify the 3 for EACH of the scenarios):

Control Group Independent Variable Dependent Variable

A. John thinks that a special juice will increase the productivity of workers. He creates two groups of 50 workers each and assigns each group the same task (in this case, they're supposed to staple a set of papers). Group A is given the special juice to drink while they work. Group B is not given the special juice. After an hour, John counts how many stacks of papers each group has made. Group A made 1,587 stacks, Group B made 2,113 stacks.

B. Candy notices that her shower is covered in a strange green slime. Her friend Belinda tells her that coconut juice will get rid of the green slime. Candy decides to check this out by spraying half of the shower with coconut juice. She sprays the other half of the shower with water. After 3 days of "treatment" there is no change in the appearance of the green slime on either side of the shower.

C. Elisa is working on a science project. Her task is to answer the question: "Does Grow Long (which is a commercial hair product) affect the speed of hair growth?" Her family is willing to volunteer for the experiment.

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