Loss of the gene encoding shugoshin in many multicellular organisms leads to sterility, suggesting defects in meiosis. What would you expect to occur in meiotic cells lacking shugoshin ?.

Answers

Answer 1

In meiotic cells lacking shugoshin, you would expect defects such as premature sister chromatid separation, chromosomal missegregation, and unresolved recombination intermediates.

Shugoshin is a vital protein involved in maintaining the cohesion between sister chromatids and ensuring proper chromosome segregation during meiosis. Without shugoshin, premature separation of sister chromatids can occur, leading to missegregation of chromosomes during meiosis I or II. This can result in aneuploidy, where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, often causing sterility. Furthermore, the absence of shugoshin can lead to chromosomal missegregation due to impaired alignment and attachment of chromosomes to the spindle apparatus. Errors in chromosome attachment can result in the production of gametes with an incorrect number of chromosomes, contributing to infertility or the production of non-viable offspring. Additionally, shugoshin plays a role in resolving recombination intermediates, such as Holliday junctions, during meiosis. Its absence can lead to unresolved recombination structures, resulting in persistent DNA entanglements and chromosomal abnormalities.

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Related Questions

How are 3D printers useful in studying evolution

Answers

Answer:

They can use these printers to make replica or identical copies of things like fossils. Theses are mostly useful because real fossils are rare so they can still study them without possibly ruining an artifact.

Explanation:

An essential component of evolutionary biology, the relationship between form and function is made possible by biomechanics.

What role of 3D printers useful in studying evolution?

These printers can be used to create exact replicas of objects like fossils. These are mostly helpful since actual fossils are uncommon, allowing scientists to research them without risking the destruction of an item.

Here, 3D printing presents a chance to create accurate replicas of complete or individual creatures that can be used to test hypotheses regarding the form and purpose of structures.

Therefore, A type of additive manufacturing known as “3D Bioprinting” or “bioprinting” produces 3D structures that are functional 3D tissues by using cells and biomaterials rather than conventional metals and plastics.

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Can someone give me 4 causes and effects in how organisms and humans affect the enviroment?

Answers

pollution, burning fossils, undrinkable water

During one night in 1995, a 1600-foot section of Sleeping Dunes National Lakeshore beach collapsed and landed in Lake Michigan. The missing sand created a steep 100-foot drop straight into Lake Michigan.

What caused the disappearance of the beach and the creation of the 100-ft drop into Lake Michigan?
A.
a landslide
B.
glacier movement
C.
deposition
D.
weathering

Answers

Landslides are the displacement of material from higher to lower regions due to the action of different factors. A) a landslide caused the disappearance of the beach and the creation of the 100-ft drop into Lake Michigan.

What is a landslide?

A landslide can be defined as a massive movement of materials that include rocks, soil, plants, debris, and other elements composing the ground.

Mass of material moves from high altitude to low altitude due to the action of gravity and the influence of other factors as humidity excess.

These movements occur because the material is exposed to external forces (gravity) that supersede the strength of these materials producing slope breaks.

Other factors such as rains, increase in water level, snowmelt, erosion, earthquakes, human activities, and others influence the landslide occurrence.

The correct option is A) a landslide caused the disappearance of the beach and the creation of the 100-ft drop into Lake Michigan.

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what is the difference between structural support in plant and mechanical support in plant

Answers

The structural support of the plant is provided by the cellulose embedded in the cell wall while the mechanical support is provided by collenchyma cells.

How is the plant supported structurally?

Plant structural support is the permanent deposition of polymers such as lignin or cellulose in cell walls to maintain the shape of the plant and its cells.

Cellulose is an important structural component of the cell walls of plant cells. Cellulose provides structural rigidity and tensile strength to these cells. Cellulose is made from many covalently-linked glucose monosaccharides.

Collenchyma cells have thick walls that are especially thick at their corners. These cells provide mechanical support for the plant.

Collenchyma is a living, elongated, mechanical and flexible ground tissue with angular pectin depositions; present just under leaves, tendrils and stems of climbers; formed before vascular differentiation.

The major difference between the mechanical support and structural support can be found mentioned above.

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(look at attached picture) What mechanism of evolution is this an example of? ? ht O Natural Selection Gene Flow O Mutation Genetic Drift​

(look at attached picture) What mechanism of evolution is this an example of? ? ht O Natural Selection

Answers

Answer:

Its Genetic drift

Explanation:

Genetic Drift is a random decrease in genetic variation

Which statement explains why oxygen molecules easily diffuse across a cell
membrane while DNA molecules do not?
A. Oxygen molecules are more useful to a cell than are DNA
molecules.
O B. DNA molecules contain carbon atoms, while oxygen molecules
have only oxygen atoms.
C. Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very
large.
D. DNA molecules have phosphate groups that the cell membrane
repels.

Answers

Answer:

C.

Oxygen molecules are very small, while DNA molecules are very large.

Compare and Contrast Differentiate between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes.

Answers

The basic process of DNA replication is similar in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, but there are significant differences in the details of how replication occurs in these two types of organisms.

What is DNA replication?

DNA replication is a fundamental process that is essential for the survival and reproduction of all living organisms.

While the overall mechanism of DNA replication is conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes, there are some key differences in the way that DNA replication occurs in these two types of organisms.

Here are some of the differences between DNA replication in prokaryotes and DNA replication in eukaryotes:

DNA polymerases: In prokaryotes, DNA replication is carried out by DNA polymerase III. In eukaryotes, DNA replication is carried out by multiple DNA polymerases.

Origin of replication: Prokaryotes have a single origin of replication on their circular chromosome, while eukaryotes have multiple origins of replication on their linear chromosomes.

Chromosome structure: Prokaryotes have a single circular chromosome that is not associated with histones, while eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes that are tightly packed with histone proteins.

Replication speed: Prokaryotes replicate their DNA much faster than eukaryotes.

Proofreading: Eukaryotic DNA polymerases have a built-in proofreading mechanism that can detect and correct errors in the newly synthesized DNA. In contrast, prokaryotic DNA polymerases do not have this proofreading ability and instead rely on a separate repair mechanism to correct errors after replication has occurred.

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Based on the I information in the graph, which region is expected to have the greatest increase in its population over the period shown?
A. Asia
B. Oceania
C. Africa
D. Europe

Answers

the answer is africa

Explanation:

The maximum increase in the population can be seen in case of Africa.

In the year 2010 the change is approximately 1000 as the population changed from the 1000 to 2000 during this year.

The graph seems to give a curve same like that of projectile motion. The graph shows the Africa to have increase in its population over a period of time.

what is the effect of drinking coffee on reaction time

Answers

Answer:

While excessive coffee drinking can have the opposite effect, moderate coffee use can improve reaction time. When analysing the effects of coffee on response time, it's crucial to take individual tolerance and timing into account.

Explanation:

Several variables, such as the quantity of coffee taken, a person's tolerance for caffeine, and the timing of coffee consumption in relation to the reaction time test, might affect how coffee affects reaction time.

Moderate caffeine consumption has generally been found to improve reaction speed by boosting alertness and concentration. A molecule called adenosine, which builds up in the brain and makes people drowsy, is inhibited by caffeine. Caffeine can boost mental agility and reaction quickness by inhibiting adenosine.

However, taking too much coffee might have the opposite effect, giving you the jitters, making you anxious, and slowing down your reaction time. Additionally, it may cause sleep disturbances, which may impair reaction time the following day.

Hope it helps! :)

More people have been to space than to the deepest level of the ocean

Answers

Answer:

True.

Explanation:

A plant biologist is asked to develop strawberry plants with larger, sweeter berries. Through selective breeding, the biologist successfully produces the new strawberry plant.

What is one method the biologist can use to produce many identical strawberry plants of the same kind

Answers

Answer: Clonal progagation

Explanation:

Clonal propagation involves the production of identical individual without the fusion of germ cells. It can be multiplication through stem and other plants part such as leaves.

Strawberry as a fruits can be multiplied using the stems thus preventing the germ cells from genetic recombination that could lead to the formation of entirely new plants. It does not involve the union of male and female germ cells.

what substance does a enzyme act during a chemical reaction

Answers

It is called a Substrate

In a _______________________ av junction, the impulse will reach the atria and the ventricles simultaneously, so the p wave is hidden by the qrs complex.

Answers

In a mid-av junction, the impulse will reach the atria and the ventricles simultaneously, so the p wave is hidden by the complex.

The definition of an urge is a strong or unexplained urge. An example of an urge is when you have the urge to go to Vegas. An example of an impulse is buying something without thinking. noun.

An urge is a sudden desire to do something. Unable to contain his impulses, he stared at the sea again. An impulse buys, or impulse buy, is something you didn't plan on doing but decided to do when you saw it. For a constant force, the momentum of a force is the product of the resulting force ΣF and the duration of that force Δt. The force impulse is the cause of the change in movement and therefore the change in impulse.

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Imagine you are designing a movie or video game monster based off of the tongue-eating isopod. Describe how you would translate this real-world creature into a fictional monster. You can use elements of the other parasites discussed in the article and chapter.

Answers

The processes involved in game design are:

pre-production, production, post-production.

What is a Game Design?

This refers to the use of design to create video games from start to end to be appealing to gamers.

Hence, we can see that your question is incomplete so I gave you a general overview to help you get a better understanding of how games are designed.

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Which structure is represented by the letter C?

Choose 1 answer:

(Choice A)
Chloroplast

(Choice B)
Vacuole

(Choice C)
Nucleus

(Choice D)
Mitochondria

Which structure is represented by the letter C?Choose 1 answer:(Choice A)Chloroplast(Choice B)Vacuole(Choice

Answers

C! I just did cells and their organelles!

A laboratory experiment was done to show the effects of organic waste on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in water. Five tanks were set up, each containing freshwater and a small amount of single celled green algae. Specified amounts of organic waste were added to the tanks.

Answers

After adding the organic waste to each of the tanks, the researchers likely monitored the dissolved oxygen (DO) content in the water over time to observe the effects of the organic waste on the aquatic environment.

Organic waste, such as animal feces, decaying plant matter, and uneaten food, can consume dissolved oxygen in the water as they decompose. This process is known as biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and it can lead to reduced DO levels in the water, which can have negative impacts on aquatic life.

In this experiment, the researchers likely added different amounts of organic waste to each tank and measured the DO levels in each tank over a set period of time. By comparing the DO levels in each tank, the researchers could observe the effects of varying amounts of organic waste on the DO content in the water.

The green algae in each tank were likely included as a control group to ensure that any changes in DO levels were due to the organic waste and not the algae's photosynthesis activity. The algae may also have provided additional oxygen to the water through photosynthesis, which could have helped offset some of the effects of the organic waste.

Overall, this experiment would provide insight into how organic waste can affect the aquatic environment and could be used to inform management strategies for reducing the negative impacts of organic waste on water quality.

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Use the Weather probe to measure the land-air and ocean-air temperatures. What are these temperatures at this time?

Answers

Answer:

Use the Weather probeto measure the land-air and ocean-air temperatures. What are these temperatures at this time? 29.1 degrees and 22.2 degrees, respectively. C.

Explanation:

By using the Weather probe to measure the land-air and ocean-air temperatures. It is found that the temperature of land air is found be 29.1°C and the temperature of ocean air is found to be 22.2°C.

What is a weather probe?

A weather probe may be defined as an observation post where weather conditions and meteorological data are considerably observed and recorded under controlled conditions. While weather governs the state of the air and atmosphere at a particular time and place.

According to the context of this question, a weather probe determines a facility, either on land or sea, with instruments and equipment for measuring atmospheric conditions to provide information for weather forecasts and to study the weather and climate.

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an analogous trait between sharks and some mammals, such as dolphins, can be found in the shared streamlined bodies for moving rapidly through the water. group of answer choices true false

Answers

True. Sharks and some mammals, such as dolphins, share the analogous trait of having streamlined bodies that allow them to move rapidly through the water.

How these analogous trait helps in moving rapidly through the water?

The streamlined body shape reduces drag and allows for more efficient swimming, which is beneficial for both predators and prey in aquatic environments. This is an example of convergent evolution, where different species evolve similar traits independently in response to similar environmental pressures.

Convergent evolution refers to the process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar traits or characteristics due to living in similar environments and facing similar selective pressures. In other words, two or more unrelated species living in similar environments can evolve similar body structures or functions to adapt to their environment and increase their chances of survival.

In the case of sharks and some mammals, such as dolphins, they live in aquatic environments where the ability to swim rapidly and efficiently is crucial. Therefore, both sharks and dolphins have evolved similar streamlined bodies to reduce drag and increase their swimming speed. Sharks have a fusiform body shape, which is elongated and tapered at both ends, allowing them to move through the water with minimal resistance. Similarly, dolphins also have a fusiform body shape, which is streamlined and hydrodynamic, allowing them to swim rapidly through the water.

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As the layers of sediment are covered by more layers, the pressure on them increases. The pressure squeezes liquids out, pushing the particles

Answers

As the layers of sediment are covered by more layers, the pressure on them increases. The pressure squeezes liquids out, pushing the particles closer together and causing the sediment to compact.

Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sediment that have been compacted and cemented together over time. As new layers of sediment accumulate on top of older layers, the weight of the overlying sediment increases.

This weight causes the sediment at the bottom to become more tightly packed, reducing the amount of empty space between the particles. As the sediment becomes more compacted, the water and other liquids that were trapped between the particles are squeezed out. This process is called dewatering, and it causes the sediment to become more dense.

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The complete question is:

Fill in the blanks:

As the layers of sediment are covered by more layers, the pressure on them increases. The pressure squeezes liquids out, pushing the particles closer together and causing the sediment to _______________

If there is mold on cream cheese, you should cut at least one inch around and below the moldy spot, making sure not to touch the mold with the knife

true

false

Answers

Answer:

false

Explanation:

the mold means that its expired and is probably growing. Throw it out.

It is not safe to eat

The building blocks of carbohydrates are Fatty Acids

T
True
F
False

Answers

False; the building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides (which are technically carbohydrates themselves, but they are the monomeric units of carbohydrates generally).

Fatty acids are one of the building blocks of lipids.

Answer:Monomers are the building blocks of the four basic macromolecules of life- monosaccharides are the monomers of carbohydrates, amino acids are the monomers of proteins, glycerol/fatty acids are the monomers of lipids, and nucleotides are the monomers of DNA.

Explanation: T True :)

How are eukaryotic genes regulated?.

Answers

By repressors as well as by transcriptional activators.

What is the driving force behind the carbon cycle?

Answers

Answer:

Respiration and photosynthesis

Answer:

The driving force behind the carbon cycle is respiration and photosynthesis.

Explanation:

because it is boi .>.

How many different chromosome combinations are possible through independent assortment?

Answers

At the point when these chromosome matches are reshuffled through the free grouping, they can deliver eight potential mixes in the subsequent gametes: A B C.

Autonomous variety happens precipitously when alleles of something like two qualities are varying freely into gametes.

There are 8,324,608 potential mixes of 23 chromosome matches. Subsequently, two gametes practically never have the very same blend of chromosomes. Every chromosome contains handfuls to a great many various qualities.

Mixes of qualities because of autonomous variety can be determined utilizing the recipe 2n, where n is the number of chromosome matches. - Recall that people have 23 chromosomes! The potential mixes are in excess of 70 trillion.

Chromosomes should be visible under the magnifying lens in the metaphase phase of the cell cycle. 23 sets of chromosomes are available in every cell out of which 22 are autosomes and the 23rd is the sex chromosome.

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27. If there is a full moon on Sept. 13, When is the next full moon?​

Answers

there would be another full
moon on for 27th of september

plz help me with this 1 question?

plz help me with this 1 question?

Answers

Answer:

Boundary

Explanation:

That's the word for it

in suspension other substance is suspended at the botton of the container

A. TRUE
B. FALSE​

Answers

Its false
In suspension the particles are big but spread throughout and they settle down at bottom of container when kept still.
The answer is False

Consider the following two statements about succession.
Student 1:
Matthew - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly K-selected species. As succession continues, r-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Student 2:
Iman - As succession begins, communities tend to be dominated by mostly r-selected species. As succession continues, K-selected species tend to compete better and therefore become more and more common.
Which student is correct?
a. Provide a rationale for your answer (2 marks)
b. Provide a specific example of succession which includes at least one example of an r-selected and one example of a K-selected species. (1 mark)
Note - No marks are earned by simply agreeing with either Matthew or Iman

Answers

The correct answer is student 2

The data in the diagram is evidence that -

Answers

Answer: G. Horses slowly developed over time

Explanation:

All of the following statements are true of proteins EXCEPT which statement?
(A) their subunits are amino acids.
(B) they are important in transporting oxygen.
(C) humans can make all of the amino acids needed to produce proteins.
(D) enzymes are composed of proteins.
(E) kwashiorkor is caused by protein deficiency.

Answers

Humans can make all of the amino acids needed to produce proteins is not true about proteins.

The correct answer is option C.

From a chemical point of view, proteins are by far the most structurally complex and functionally sophisticated motes known. This is maybe not surprising, formerly one realizes that the structure and chemistry of each protein has been developed and fine- tuned over billions of times of evolutionary history. the position of each amino acid in the long string of amino acids that forms a protein determines its three- dimensional shape. We'll also use this understanding of protein structure at the infinitesimal position to describe how the precise shape of each protein patch determines its function in a cell.

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