lichens are ? group of answer choices mutually beneficial relationships between fungi and plant roots. symbiotic associations between photosynthetic organisms and fungi. a type of plant pathogen. single-celled, flagellated protist ancestors of fungi. a type of marine eukaryote.

The description given describes the voice quality known as roughness.

A voice is the sound produced by vibration of the vocal cords caused by air passing out through the larynx and the pharynx. It is the sound made by a person when speaking, singing, or making vocalizations. The characteristics of a person's voice, such as pitch, tone, and timbre, are determined by the anatomy of the vocal cords, as well as factors such as age, gender, and emotional state.

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Explanation: i hope this helps :)

Answer:

The heliocentric model does accurately describe our solar system.

Explanation:

In our modern view of the solar system, the Sun is at the center, and planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun. The planets do not emit their own light, but instead reflect light from the Sun.

Answer:

it’s A

Explanation:

When a mouse starts running in a wheel, its oxygen consumption levels are likely to increase. This is because aerobic exercise, such as running, requires the mouse's muscles to work harder and consume more oxygen in order to produce the energy needed for movement.

As the mouse runs, its muscles will require more ATP (adenosine triphosphate) to power the contractions that allow it to move. This ATP production occurs through cellular respiration, which involves the consumption of oxygen and the production of carbon dioxide. As a result, the mouse's oxygen consumption levels will increase in order to supply the necessary oxygen for ATP production.

The exact extent to which oxygen consumption levels increase during exercise will depend on factors such as the duration and intensity of the exercise, as well as the fitness level and overall health of the mouse. However, it is generally expected that oxygen consumption levels will increase during aerobic exercise, such as running in a wheel, in order to meet the energy demands of the working muscles.

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Returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood.

What is tubular reabsorption ?

It is the process in which solutes and water moves out of the filtrate and then again in the bloodstream .

It is the second major step in urine formation .

During this , they are absorbed second time because of that the term reabsorption is used .

Hence ,tubular reabsorption returns 99% of the water filtered from the glomerulus to the blood .

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In humans, gametes have 23 chromosomes. Gametes are haploid cells, which means they contain only one set of genetic material. This single set of chromosomes is composed of 22 autosomes, which are the same in both males and females, and one sex chromosome, which differs between males and females.

Gametes are reproductive cells or sex cells. The gamete definition comes from the Greek word "gamos", which means marriage . During sexual reproduction, gametes from two different individuals combine to form a new organism. In animals, female gametes are called ova or egg cells, and male gametes are called sperm. Gametes contain only one set of genetic material, which is composed of 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. Gametes are haploid cells, which means they contain only one set of genetic material. When two gametes fuse, their genetic material combines to form a new organism with a complete set of chromosomes. This process is known as fertilization.

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Answer:

The problem with monocultures, Wetzel said, is that if an insect likes the crop, that insect has a large food supply to draw from all in one place. Conversely, a field containing a variety of plants does not offer a large block of food for the insect, so it will not get the nutrients it needs to survive and thrive.

Explanation:

Answer:

Vanilla orchid

crocodiles

Explanation:

The plant doesnt have enough water due to scarcity of rain.

The water is evaporated and the crocs live in the water

During prophase, the parent cell will have 48 chromatids. This is because during interphase, the DNA replicates, resulting in each chromosome consisting of two sister chromatids.

Therefore, if the parent cell has 24 chromosomes, it will have a total of 48 chromatids during prophase.

Regarding the major difference between plant cells and animal cells, the most accurate statement is: "Only plant cells have a cell wall." Plant cells have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose, which provides structural support and protection to the cell. Animal cells, on the other hand, do not have a cell wall. Hence option D is correct.

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When glucose (C6H12O6) is completely oxidized to carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, the process that produces the most ATP is oxidative phosphorylation (c).

Oxidative phosphorylation: This process occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involves the transfer of electrons from NADH and FADH2 (produced during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle) to the electron transport chain. The movement of electrons along the chain leads to the pumping of protons across the membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient is then used by ATP synthase to generate ATP. Oxidative phosphorylation is the primary mechanism for ATP production during complete glucose oxidation and produces the most ATP.

Additionally, the citric acid cycle (option b) and substrate-level phosphorylation (option a) contribute to ATP production, but to a lesser extent. Splitting glucose into two pyruvate molecules (option d) is a part of glycolysis, which produces a small amount of ATP, and oxidation of NADH and FADH2 with the transport of H+ ions to the intermembrane space (option e) is a component of oxidative phosphorylation.

Therefore, the correct options is c being the most significant producer of ATP.

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The chiasmata formation occurs during the diplotene stage of the Prophase 1.

Chiasmata are the points where the non sister chromatids attach attaches to the homologous chromosomes. It leads to exchange of segments and creates variation. The chiasma is a structure that forms between a pair of homologous chromosomes by crossover recombination and physically links the homologous chromosomes during meiosis. The chiasmata become visible during the diplotene stage of prophase I of meiosis, but the actual "crossing-overs" of genetic material are thought to occur during the previous pachytene stage.

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Answer:

They both transform one form of energy into chemical energy

Exposing items to a mixture of gases that will not harm the materials but will remove microorganisms is called sterilization.

Sterilization is a process used to eliminate all viable microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores, from objects or surfaces.

The purpose of sterilization is to ensure the complete eradication of microorganisms to prevent contamination or infection. It is commonly employed in healthcare settings, laboratories, and industries where maintaining a sterile environment is crucial.

Various methods can be used for sterilization, including exposure to specific gases, such as ethylene oxide or hydrogen peroxide vapor. These gases have the ability to penetrate materials while effectively killing microorganisms. The choice of gas depends on the nature of the items being sterilized and their compatibility with the sterilization process.

Sterilization methods using gases are advantageous as they can reach into complex shapes and penetrate porous materials. They are often used for heat-sensitive items or delicate equipment that cannot withstand high temperatures or other sterilization methods.

In summary, the process of exposing items to a mixture of gases that will eliminate microorganisms without harming the materials is known as sterilization. It ensures the complete removal of microbes to maintain a sterile environment and prevent contamination or infection.

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A dichotomous key is defined as a biological tool for identifying unknown organisms to a particular taxonomic level. It is constructed with many levels and series of couplets.

So, by observing the given dichotomous key, it is concluded that the correct answer is Option A- Organism X and Z have at least one observable trait in common in this dichotomous key.

Animals are drawn to the reproductive organs of plants using a variety of strategies. The vegetable sperm nucleus needed for reproduction is found in pollen.

For sexual reproduction, the gonads, or sexual organs, are necessary. Male testicles are frequently confused for the gonads. However, gonads are present in both sexes. The testicles in females are the ovaries, which create female gametes.(eggs). Male gametes are produced by male gonads (sperm).

Asexual and sexual generation are the two different types of reproduction. Sexual reproduction better fosters genetic diversity through novel allele combinations during meiosis and fertilization, despite the fact that asexual reproduction is quicker and more energy-efficient.

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Answer: the population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease

Explanation: I’m on the test right now and I’m looking at the web, the mice and frog get eaten by the snake, and the grasshopper get eaten by the frog and the mice, so if the mice and frog population increases the populating of the grasshopper would decrease :)

If snakes were removed from the food web, the population of frogs and mice would increase which would cause the population of grasshoppers to decrease.

Snakes predate on frogs and mice. Thus, if they are removed from the food chain, the population of frogs and mice would be less pressured and, therefore, thrive.

With the thriving population of frogs and mice comes the pressure on the population of grasshoppers. Frogs and some species of mice feed on grasshoppers.

Thus, if the population of frogs and mice thrives as a result of the absence of snakes, more grasshoppers will be eaten and the population of grasshoppers will decrease as a result.

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Answer:

ion balance is maintain in the body by its ph balance

Antimicrobial control method is best suited as an antiseptic and noncorrosive for surgical plastics is c. quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)

QACs are known for their broad-spectrum efficacy against various microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Additionally, QACs are non-corrosive and do not cause any damage to surgical plastics, making them an ideal choice for disinfecting medical equipment. Formaldehyde, on the other hand, is not commonly used as an antiseptic due to its toxic and irritating nature. Iodophors are effective in killing microorganisms but can cause discoloration and corrosion of plastics.

Phenols are also effective, but their use is limited due to their potential toxicity and corrosive properties. In summary, quaternary ammonium compounds are the best-suited antimicrobial control method as an antiseptic and noncorrosive for surgical plastics. So therefore the correct answer is c. quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs)

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Answer:

i think the answer is bipolar

Lymph, tissue fluid, and plasma are all fluids that exist in the body, but they differ in their location and composition.

Lymph is a clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system. It is formed when tissue fluid enters the lymphatic vessels and is transported through the lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes. Lymph contains immune cells and waste products and is important for the immune system.

Tissue fluid is a fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues. It is formed when blood plasma filters out of the capillaries and into the spaces between cells. Tissue fluid supplies nutrients and oxygen to the cells and removes waste products.

Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. It contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. Plasma carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the cells and tissues in the body.

In summary, lymph is a fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system, tissue fluid is a fluid that surrounds the cells in tissues, and plasma is the liquid part of the blood that carries nutrients, hormones, and waste products to and from the cells and tissues in the body.

Gametes from two plant species combine and produce a haploid zygote, and that zygote develops into a haploid, hybrid plant that is sterile. The hybrid plant is sterile because meiosis cannot occur and the cells do not contain homologous chromosomes. Hence, the correct options are a and c. If an organism has a soft body, it is less likely to be fossilized because the body breaks down before it can be preserved. Competition occurs because organisms typically produce too many offspring, and resources are limited. This means that not all of the offspring will be able to survive and reproduce. As a result, the offspring must compete for resources such as food, water, and mates. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Gametes from two plant species combine and produce a haploid zygote, and that zygote develops into a haploid, hybrid plant that is sterile. The hybrid plant is sterile because meiosis cannot occur and the cells do not contain homologous chromosomes. Hence, the correct options are a and c.

Mitosis and the plant's ability to grow is not affected by sterility. Sterility, on the other hand, means that the plant cannot produce any reproductive cells (like gametes), making it unable to reproduce. Therefore, option b and option d are incorrect. Additionally, the hybrid plant's sterility is caused by an odd number of chromosomes, which results in the improper separation of chromosomes during meiosis.

Body characteristics affect the likelihood of fossilization. A hard shell is not easily crushed and decomposes slowly, which allows for better fossilization of the organism. As a result, option b is correct and options a and c are incorrect. If an organism has a hard shell, it is more likely to form a fossil.

If an organism has a soft body, it is less likely to be fossilized because the body breaks down before it can be preserved. Competition occurs because organisms typically produce too many offspring, and resources are limited. This means that not all of the offspring will be able to survive and reproduce. As a result, the offspring must compete for resources such as food, water, and mates. Hence, option d is the correct answer.

Females choosing among possible mates or males defending their territories are examples of intraspecific competition, which is a type of competition that occurs within a species. However, the question is asking why competition occurs in general, and the answer is that resources are limited and organisms produce too many offspring. Therefore, options a, b, and c are incorrect.

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Answer:

D.evolutin of life on earth

Explanation:

because revolution in the earth is better because the earth will be more revolution When you do this

Simple and compound glands can be further classified according to the shapes of their secretory portion. Glands that consist of epithelial-lined tubes are called Tubular glands. Those whose terminal portions form saclike dilation are called alveolar glands. May branch or coil.

Glands that consist of epithelial-lined tubes are called tubular glands, while those whose terminal portions form saclike dilation are called alveolar glands. Tubular glands have a structure resembling a tube, with a uniform diameter throughout their length. They can be straight or coiled, and their secretory portion is composed of these epithelial-lined tubes.

On the other hand, alveolar glands have a structure where the terminal portions form saclike dilations or rounded sacs. These sacs may branch or coil, giving them a more complex and irregular shape compared to tubular glands. The secretory cells of alveolar glands surround the central space or lumen of the sacs, and they release their secretions into these sac-like structures.

The terms "merocrine gland" and "apocrine gland" mentioned in the options refer to different mechanisms of secretion and are not directly related to the shapes of the secretory portions.

Therefore, the correct answer is "Tubular glands; alveolar glands" as it accurately describes the classification of glands based on the shapes of their secretory portions.

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Answer:

5. Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that turns solar energy into chemical energy.

Explanation:

i looked it up

big brain

Answer:

Light; chemical

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical reaction that uses light energy and transforms it into a chemical energy to make sugars.