Lab Report


Plasma Membrane


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Introduction


What was the purpose of the experiment?


To experiment with and learn about the plasma membrane.


What were the independent, dependent, and control variables in your investigation? Describe the variables used in the part of the experiment with the eggs.


Type your answer here:


Write a hypothesis based on observations and scientific principles.


Type your answer here:


Experimental Methods


What tools did you use to collect your data?


Type your answer here:


Write your procedure. List each step so that another student could follow the procedure and repeat your experiment.


Type your answer h

Answer:

Explanation:

TiO2 + C + 2 CI2 → TiCI4 + CO2

(a)

(2.16 mol TiO2) x (2 mol CI2 / 1 mol TiO2) x ( 70.9064 g C/mol) = 306 g CI2

(b)

(2.16 mol TIO2) x (1 mol C / 1 mol TiO2) x ( 12.01078 g C/mol)n= 25.9 g C

(c)

Use the law of conservation of mass:

(2.16 mol TiO2) x ( 79.8660 g TiO2/mol) + (306 g CI2 + 25.9 g C = 504 g total.

Hope this help!:)

Answer: A. 11.43 g Al

Explanation:

To solve this problem, we need to use the process of dimensional analysis, which essentially turns all of the values into fractions that will cancel out units. We always start by using what we are given and then set up the units so that everything cancels besides what we need to solve for.

given Al2O3 g * (1molAl2O3/mass Al2O3 for periodic table) * (Al mole ratio from balanced equation / Al2O3 mole ratio from the balanced equation) * ( Al mass from periodic table / 1 mol Al)

Now, I will plug all values in and solve.

21.6 gAl2O3 * (1molAl2O3/ 101.96 g Al2O3) * (4 mol Al / 2 mol Al2O3) * (26.98 g Al / 1 mol Al)

Now, multiply across the numerator and denominator separately and then proceed with division.

11.43 g Al

Hope this helps!

Answer:

d = 1.53 g/mL

Object will sink into water

Explanation:

Given data:

Mass of object = 14.8 g

Initial volume of water = 25.0 mL

Final volume after adding object = 34.7 mL

Density of object = ?

Density of water = 1.00 g/mL

Solution:

Volume of object = Total volume - volume of water

Volume of object = 34.7 mL - 25.0 mL

Volume of object = 9.7 mL

Density of object;

d = mass/volume

d = 14.8 g /  9.7 mL

d = 1.53 g/mL

The density of water is 1.00 g/mL which means object is heavier than water thus object will sink into the water. The object with density less than water are float in it.

Answer:

the answer is maybe 0.000777

Answer: The number of oxygen atoms

Explanation: Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Carbon Dioxide (CO2), are part of a group called Nonmetal Oxides. To name these kinds of compounds, you must always add a prefix to the last element named based on how many atoms it has. Because CO2 has 2 oxygen molecules, the prefix "di" is added. In Carbon Monoxide's case, there is only one oxygen molecule, so the prefix "mono" is added.

Answer:

We can use the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, to solve for the density at STP (standard temperature and pressure). At STP, the temperature is 273.15 K and the pressure is 1 atm. We know the molar mass of NO2 is 46.01 g/mol. We also know that 1 mole of any gas at STP occupies a volume of 22.4 L.

First, we can calculate the number of moles of NO2 at STP:

n = PV/RT = (1 atm)(22.4 L)/(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(273.15 K) = 1.00 mol

Next, we can calculate the mass of 1 mole of NO2:

46.01 g/mol

Finally, we can calculate the density of NO2 at STP:

density = mass/volume = (46.01 g/mol)/(22.4 L) = 2.054 g/L

Therefore, the density at STP of NO2 gas (molar mass = 46.01 g/mol) in grams per liter is 2.054 g/L.

Explanation:

The kind of chemical reaction that results in the formation of sodium chloride is a neutralization reaction.

Bases react to produce water and salt, which requires the interaction of H+ and OH- ions. A pH of 7 results from the neutralization of a potent acid and a potent base. A strong base neutralizing a weak acid will provide a pH result that is more than 7, while the neutralization of a strong acid and weak base will produce a pH result that is less than 7.

A solution is neutralized when equal amounts of acid and base combine to create salts. One mole of protons (H+) is equivalent to one mole of the base, and one mole of acid is equivalent to one mole of protons (H+) (OH-). N parts of acid will always neutralize N parts of the base because salts are created by neutralization reactions with comparable weight concentrations of acids and bases.

Therefore, the kind of chemical reaction that results in the formation of sodium chloride is a neutralization reaction.

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Answer:

the density of 10.002 g of water at 20°C in the units of g/mL is 0.998 g/mL

Explanation:

Density of 10.002g of water at 20°C in g/mL = 0.998 g/mL

Given that:

density of water at 20°C = 0.9982 g/mL

Density = mass / volume ---- ( 1 )

Where :  mass = 10.002 g

              Volume = ?

              Density = 0.9982 g/mL

∴ Volume = 10.002 / 0.9982   = 10.02 mL

back to equation ( 1 )

Density = 10.002 / 10.02 = 0.9982 g/mL ≈ 0.998 g/mL

Answer:

see below

Explanation:

A. The given reaction releases energy, indicating that it is an exothermic reaction.

B. The △H value for the reaction can be written as △H = -571.7 kJ, with a negative sign indicating the energy is released.

C. The balanced equation for the reaction between hydrogen and oxygen to form water is:

2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)

D. To calculate the amount of energy released when 10.0g of hydrogen is reacted with an excess of oxygen, we need to first determine the amount of hydrogen involved in the reaction.

The molar mass of hydrogen is 1.008 g/mol, so 10.0 g of hydrogen is equivalent to 10.0 g / 1.008 g/mol = 9.92 mol of hydrogen.

From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 mol of hydrogen is required for every 1 mol of oxygen, so the amount of oxygen involved in the reaction is twice the amount of hydrogen.

Therefore, the amount of oxygen needed for 9.92 mol of hydrogen is 2 × 9.92 mol = 19.84 mol.

Assuming that there is an excess of oxygen, all of the hydrogen will react, so the limiting reactant is oxygen.

Using the △H value of -571.7 kJ, we can calculate the amount of energy released as follows:

-571.7 kJ / 2 mol H2 = -285.9 kJ/mol H2

So the energy released when 10.0 g of hydrogen reacts with an excess of oxygen is:

-285.9 kJ/mol H2 × 9.92 mol H2 = -2836.53 kJ

Therefore, the reaction releases 2836.53 kJ of energy when 10.0 g of hydrogen reacts with an excess of oxygen.

The area covered by the matter is called volumes. Each matter has its own volume and surface area.

The correct answer to the question is 677ml of gasoline.

The formula is used for the question is as follows:-

\(M = D*V\)

All the data given in the question is as follows:-

After putting in the equation, the volume we get is as follows:-

\(\frac{450 g }{0.665} = 677mL \ of\ gasoline\)

Hence 677 ml is the volume.

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The compound that has a functional group containing two oxygen atoms is peroxide. In addition to peroxides, there are other compounds that contain functional groups with two oxygen atoms. These include carboxylic acids and esters.

Peroxide compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) or organic peroxides, have a functional group (-O-O-) where two oxygen atoms are bonded together. This group is responsible for the characteristic properties and reactivity of peroxides.

Carboxylic acids: Carboxylic acids have the functional group -COOH, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and a hydroxyl group (-OH) bonded to the same carbon atom. While carboxylic acids have one oxygen atom from the carbonyl group, the hydroxyl group provides the second oxygen atom.

Esters: Esters have the functional group -COO-, which consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) and an oxygen atom (-O-) bonded to the same carbon atom. This arrangement gives esters two oxygen atoms within their functional group.

Hence, the compounds with functional groups containing two oxygen atoms include peroxides, carboxylic acids, and esters.

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To solve this we must be knowing each and every concept related to mole.  Therefore, 576g is the mass of oxygen produced from 12.00 moles of  NaCIO\(_3\).

A mole is merely a measuring unit. In reality, it is one of International System of Units' seven foundation units (SI). When basically determines are insufficient, new units are created.

Chemical reactions frequently occur at levels that use grams would be inappropriate, but using actual figures of atoms/molecules/ions would also be misleading.

It's much easier to write' mole' than '6.02x10²³' whenever you wish to refer to a huge number of things. That is essentially why and how this particular component was created.

2NaCIO\(_3\) \(\rightarrow\)2 NaCI+ 3 O\(_2\)

moles of NaCIO\(_3\) =12.00 moles

1 mole of  NaCIO\(_3\) requires 3/2 moles of  O\(_2\)

12.00 moles of  NaCIO\(_3\) requires (3/2)×12.00 moles=18 moles of  O\(_2\)

mass of oxygen=18 moles× 32g/mol

                         =576g

Therefore, 576g is the mass of oxygen produced from 12.00 moles of  NaCIO\(_3\).

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Answer:

hope this helps <3

Explanation:

Landon glances across the dinner table and thinks to himself that his fathers curly hair looks just like his own. He wishes his hair were straight like his mothers because he thinks he looks better with straight hair. Landon works hard to keep it straighter by combing and using hair gel, but it usually curls right back up. He has his mothers nose, but not her hair, unlike his sister Emily, who is also the result of the combination of the DNA from both of his parents and has straight hair like their mothers. Most eukaryotic organisms, like Landon, are formed through the process of sexual reproduction. Landon realizes that he and Emily are evidence that sexual reproduction, the combination of their two parents, creates diverse offspring.

Landons dinner plate is filled with one of his favorite foods-mashed potatoes made from potatoes fresh from his grandmothers garden. He remembers helping her get ready to plant the potatoes in early spring. They cut each potato into several pieces and planted the pieces in a nice straight row in the garden. When these eukaryotic plants came up, he noticed that each plant looked like all the others. These identical offspring with uniform traits are the result of asexual reproduction. Landons grandmother grew potatoes by cutting the whole potato into smaller pieces, which is a type of asexual reproduction called vegetative propagation.

After dinner, Landon wanted to go watch television, but his mother insisted that he put the leftover food in the refrigerator. Perhaps she knew that the cool temperature inside the refrigerator would stop the growth of bacteria, which are prokaryotic and can reproduce asexually in as little as 20 minutes. This rapid asexual reproduction, called binary fission, would produce thousands and thousands of identical bacterial cells that could cause Landons tasty leftover food to spoil before the end of his favorite show.

Landon finishes up the dishes and puts away the leftovers. As he sets the last dinner glass back into the cupboard, he catches a glimpse of his curly hair in his reflection. He thinks to himself that his mothers nose and his fathers hair are actually a good combination that looks pretty good on him

Answer:

Br-CH2-CH(CH3)2-C(Cl)H-CH(CH3)2-CHO

Explanation:

The molecule has a total of 14 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, and 1 bromine atom. The carbon atoms are arranged in a chain with a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom, a chlorine atom attached to the third carbon atom, and two methyl groups attached to the fourth carbon atom. The fifth carbon atom has a carbonyl group attached to it.

The molecule is an aldehyde, which means that it has a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain. The carbonyl group is polar, and the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. This polarity makes the aldehyde group susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The bromine and chlorine atoms are both electrophilic, which means that they have a partial positive charge. This makes them susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The methyl groups are non-polar and do not have any significant reactivity.

The molecule is a chiral molecule, which means that it has a mirror image that is not superimposable on itself. This is because the carbon atom with the carbonyl group is attached to four different groups.

The molecule is a liquid at room temperature and has a strong odor. It is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, flavorings, and plastics.

Total mass on the syringe is 1.498 Kg . To find the total mass of a solution, we need to add the mass of the solute to the mass of the solvent.

A solute is something that a solvent can disintegrate in order to make a solution out of. A solute can take many different forms. It could be either a material, fluid, or vapour. The solute is separated and dispersed among its molecules adequately by the solvent, or substance, which induces the solute to dissolve.

pressure = 1.18

volume of the gas in the syringe. we are estimating it to the nearest 0.5 mL is 43.5 mL.

Product of Pressure and volume is 51.3

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There are approximately \(2.76 * 10^{24\) ammonia molecules in the given sample.

To calculate the number of ammonia molecules in the sample, we need to use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of ammonia.

The molar mass of ammonia \((NH_3)\) can be calculated by adding up the atomic masses of nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H):

Molar mass of \(NH_3\) = (1 x atomic mass of N) + (3 x atomic mass of H)

              = (1 x 14.01 g/mol) + (3 x 1.01 g/mol)

              = 14.01 g/mol + 3.03 g/mol

              = 17.04 g/mol

Now, we can calculate the number of moles of ammonia in the sample using the formula:

Number of moles = Mass of the sample / Molar mass

Number of moles = 78.25 g / 17.04 g/mol

              ≈ 4.5865 mol (rounded to four decimal places)

Finally, we can use Avogadro's number, which represents the number of particles (atoms, molecules, etc.) in one mole of a substance. Avogadro's number is approximately \(6.022 * 10^{23\) particles/mol.

Number of ammonia molecules = Number of moles x Avogadro's number

Number of ammonia molecules ≈ 4.5865 mol x (\(6.022 * 10^{23\) molecules/mol)

                           ≈ \(2.76 * 10^{24\) molecules (rounded to two significant figures)

Therefore, the provided sample contains roughly \(2.76 * 10^{24\) ammonia molecules.

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The number of ammonia molecules in the sample is approximately 2.764 x \(10^{24}\) molecules.

To calculate the number of ammonia molecules in a given sample, we need to use Avogadro's number and the molar mass of ammonia.

The molar mass of ammonia (NH3) is calculated as follows:

Molar mass of N = 14.01 g/mol

Molar mass of H = 1.01 g/mol

Total molar mass of NH3 = 14.01 g/mol + (3 * 1.01 g/mol) = 17.03 g/mol

Now, we can calculate the number of moles of ammonia in the sample:

Number of moles = Mass of sample / Molar mass of NH3

Number of moles = 78.25 g / 17.03 g/mol = 4.594 moles

Next, we use Avogadro's number, which states that there are 6.022 x \(10^{23}\) molecules in one mole of a substance.

Number of molecules = Number of moles * Avogadro's number

Number of molecules = 4.594 moles * 6.022 x \(10^{23}\) molecules/mol = 2.764 x \(10^{24}\) molecules

Therefore, there are approximately 2.764 x \(10^{24}\) ammonia molecules in the given sample of 78.25 g.

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Answer:

True

Explanation:

Weather is short term, climate is over the long term

Answer:

true, different weather patterns are found all around the world at different times, there could be a hurricane in the gulf of mexico and as a result of the storm tornadoes could break out in texas

Explanation:

from equation 2 moles = - 10,941 kJ

for 8 moles:

8/2 x -10,941 = -43,764 kJ

-43,764 kJ heat is released during the combustion of 8 moles of octane.

To calculate the amount of heat released in a chemical reaction, use the equation Q = mc ΔT, where Q is the heat energy transferred (in joules), m is the mass of the liquid being heated (in kilograms), c is the specific heat capacity of the liquid (joule per kilogram degrees Celsius), and ΔT is the change in temperature.

from equation 2 moles = - 10,941 kJ

for 8 moles:

8/2 x -10,941 = -43,764 kJ

When octane is burned, carbon dioxide gas is generated, as shown in the reaction equation. This is typical of hydrocarbon combustion reactions, such as octane and propane.

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Answer:

Destruction of rocks at convergent boundaries

Explanation:

Duuuuuuuuude. Dude.

Let's think for a sec, because this confused me.

Acid rain is chemical weathering. It has acid in it, so it weathers rocks. (Ewwww.)

Frost wedging is a major duh, because frost can weather rocks.

Oxidation reactions are a yes yes because it becomes oxidized.

Answer:

The balanced equation will be your greatest asset in Solving this.

The Balanced Equation is

3Cl2 + 8NH3---> N2 + 6NH4Cl

So

From this reaction...

3 moles of NH3 is required to produce 6 moles of NH4Cl

Now the question asked.... How Many Moles of NH3 will be needed to produce 12moles of NH4Cl?...

The answer is simply 6moles of NH3.

Why?

Since 3moles of NH3 produce 6 moles of NH4Cl

It makes sense that

6moles of NH3 will produce 12moles of NH4Cl.

Its a simple Ratio.

Hope this helps...

I'm Open to questions if you have any.

Have a great Day!

Answer:

(c). You will have an excess of gas and the reaction will occur.

Explanation:

We can use the ideal gas law to calculate the number of moles of gas in each case. The ideal gas law is:

PV = nRT

where:

At STP, the pressure is 1 atm (101.325 kPa) and the temperature is 273.15 K. So, the number of moles of gas at STP is:

\(n =\frac{ PV }{ RT} =\frac{ (101.325 kPa)(22.4 L) }{(8.31 L-kPa/mol-K)(273K)} = 1mol\)

At 100 kPa and 373 K, the number of moles of gas is:

\(n =\frac{ PV }{ RT} =\frac{ (100 kPa)(45 L) }{(8.31 L-kPa/mol-K)(373 K)} = 1.45mol\)

So, you have 1.45 moles of gas at 100 kPa and 373 K. The reaction requires 1 mole of gas at STP, so you have an excess of 0.45 moles of gas. The excess gas will not participate in the reaction, but it will not prevent the reaction from occurring.

Therefore, the correct answer is (c). You will have an excess of gas and the reaction will occur.

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When two plastic bottles containing thermometers are kept under a lamp, the temperature readings of the thermometers will vary depending on several factors. Firstly, the intensity of the lamp's light will impact the temperature readings of the thermometers.

The brighter the light, the higher the temperature reading on the thermometers will be. Additionally, the distance between the lamp and the plastic bottles will also affect the temperature readings. The closer the bottles are to the lamp, the higher the temperature readings will be.
Moreover, the material of the bottles will also play a role in the temperature readings of the thermometers. If the bottles are made of a material that is a good conductor of heat, such as metal, then the temperature readings will be higher compared to if the bottles were made of a material that is a poor conductor of heat, such as plastic.
In conclusion, when two plastic bottles containing thermometers are kept under a lamp, the temperature readings on the thermometers will be affected by various factors such as the intensity of the light, the distance between the lamp and the bottles, and the material of the bottles. Therefore, it is important to consider these factors when analyzing the temperature readings of the thermometers.

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Answer:

The empirical formula of the compound is C2H5O.

Answer:

Cracking.

Explanation:

A chemical reaction can be defined as a reaction in which two or more atoms of a chemical element react to form a chemical compound. An example of a chemical reaction involving hydrocarbons is cracking.

Hydrocarbon can be defined as an organic compound that comprises of hydrogen and carbon only.

In Organic chemistry, cracking refers to the process of lowering the boiling point of a heavy, complex or long-chain hydrocarbon such as kerogens by exposing it to different environmental treatments such as hydrogen enriched catalysts, pressure or high temperatures, in order to produce smaller, lighter and more useful molecules (alkanes and alkenes) such as gasoline, diesel fuel, etc.

Answer:

radius = 16 in ; height = 27 in

The concentration (molarity) of the final NaCl solution is 175 M.

To find the concentration (molarity) of the final NaCl solution, we can use the equation:

M1V1 = M2V2

Where M1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, M2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

In this case, we have an initial NaCl solution with a concentration of 2.5 M and a volume of 350 mL (0.350 L). We are diluting this solution to a total volume of 5.0 mL (0.005 L).

Plugging these values into the equation, we have:

(2.5 M) * (0.350 L) = M2 * (0.005 L)

Simplifying the equation:

0.875 = 0.005 * M2

Dividing both sides by 0.005:

M2 = 0.875 / 0.005

M2 = 175M

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Answer:

24) F. 3 mol.......ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is 2:1 , if hydrogen 6 then oxygen 3

25) B. 2.5 moles ......take ration fo 2RbNO3 and O2 which is 2:1 then if RbNO3 has 5 moles these O2 will have 2.5 moles

We can see here that the catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation of alkenes using Wilkinson's catalyst involves several steps.

Here's an overview of the catalytic cycle, including the necessary details:

i. Chemical structure of the catalyst:

Wilkinson's catalyst, also known as chloridotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), has the following chemical structure: [RhCl(PPh3)3]

ii. Molecular geometry of the catalyst:

The Wilkinson's catalyst has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the rhodium center. The three triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands occupy equatorial positions, while the chloride (Cl) ligand occupies an axial position.

iii. Type of reactions involved:

The catalytic cycle involves several reactions, including:

iv. Starting material, reagent, and solvent:

The starting material is an alkene, and the reagent is Wilkinson's catalyst ([RhCl(PPh3)3]). The reaction is typically carried out in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or tetrahydrofuran (THF).

v. Major and minor end-products:

The major end-product of the hydrogenation reaction is the fully saturated alkane, resulting from the addition of hydrogen across the double bond. The minor end-product may include cis- or trans-configured alkanes if the original alkene substrate possesses geometric isomers.

vi. Intermediates:

The intermediates in the catalytic cycle include:

These intermediates play a crucial role in facilitating the hydrogenation reaction and enabling the catalytic cycle to proceed.

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The number of moles of Cr deposited by 1.5 F of electricity is 0.5 moles

The term electrolysis has to do with thee deposition of a solid when a direct current is passed through its solution.

Given the reaction;  Cr3+(aq)  + 3e ––›Cr(s)

If 3F of electricity is required to deposit  1 mole of Cr

1.5F of electricity is required to deposit  1.5F * 1 mole/3F

= 0.5 moles

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