in what directions do you expect the bond length and vibrational frequency of a free molecule to change when it becomes a ligand in a molecule? explain your reasoning.

Answers

Answer 1

When a free molecule becomes a ligand in a molecule, the bond length and vibrational frequency are expected to change, but the direction of the changes cannot be predicted without knowing the specific ligand and molecule involved.

A free molecule has a certain bond length and vibrational frequency determined by the atoms that make up the molecule and the strength of their bonds. When this molecule becomes a ligand in a molecule, it forms a bond with a central metal ion, and the strength of this new bond will affect the bond length and vibrational frequency of the molecule.

The specific direction of the changes in bond length and vibrational frequency will depend on several factors, including the identity and charge of the central metal ion, the identity of the ligand, and the geometry of the resulting complex.

For example, if the ligand has a lone pair of electrons that can donate to the metal ion, it may form a stronger bond and result in a shorter bond length and higher vibrational frequency. On the other hand, if the ligand is bulky and causes steric hindrance, it may result in a weaker bond and longer bond length, and a lower vibrational frequency.

Therefore, the direction of the changes in bond length and vibrational frequency cannot be predicted without knowing the specific ligand and molecule involved.

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Related Questions

The weather in an area is affected mostly by interactions between what elements?

Answers

The weather in an area is affected mostly by interactions between solar radiation, Earth's large ocean, diverse landscapes and motion in space.

What interactions influence weather?

Temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, and precipitation are known as the elements of weather and these factors are fundamental to describe the weather and climate of a particular region.

Weather and climate are influenced by interactions involving sunlight,  ocean, atmosphere, ice, landforms and living things. These interactions change with latitude, altitude, and local and regional geography, and all of which can affect oceanic and atmospheric flow patterns.

Factors that combine to influence the weather are solar radiation, amount of which changes with Earth's tilt, orbital distance from sun and latitude, temperature, air pressure and abundance of water.

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what kind of intermolecular forces act between a hydrogen peroxide molecule and a chloramine molecule?

Answers

The intermolecular forces that act between a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) molecule and a chloramine (NH2Cl) molecule are primarily hydrogen bonding and dipole-dipole interactions.

Hydrogen bonding occurs when a hydrogen atom is bonded to a highly electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) and interacts with another electronegative atom in a different molecule. In the case of hydrogen peroxide, the oxygen atom is highly electronegative and can form hydrogen bonds with the nitrogen atom in chloramine. Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule. Both hydrogen peroxide and chloramine are polar molecules due to the difference in electronegativity between the atoms involved in their bonds. The oxygen atom in hydrogen peroxide has a partial negative charge, while the hydrogen and nitrogen atoms in chloramine have partial positive charges.

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Vinyl acetate is 55.8% carbon, 6.98% hydrogen, and 37.2% oxygen. What is the empirical formula for vinyl acetate? The molecular mass of vinyl acetate is 86 g/mol. What is the molecular formula for vinyl acetate?
Assume you have 100 g of the compound so that you can easily go from percentage to grams. Note: you can start with any amount you want, but 100 g makes it easy – 6.98% H of 100 g of compound is just 6.98 g H. If you assume you have 50 g, then you would have 3.49 g H.
Convert the grams into moles
To find the whole number ratios of all the atoms to one another, divide all the moles by the smallest number of moles.
Write the empirical formula, and determine the molar mass
Compare the molar mass of the empirical formula with the molecular mass to determine the molecular formula (if the masses are the same, then the empirical and molecular formula are one in the same)

Answers

The empirical formula of vinyl acetate is C2H3O, and the molecular formula is C4H6O2.

To determine the empirical formula of vinyl acetate, we need to calculate the mole ratios of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Assuming we have 100 g of vinyl acetate:

- Carbon: 55.8 g (55.8% of 100 g)

- Hydrogen: 6.98 g (6.98% of 100 g)

- Oxygen: 37.2 g (37.2% of 100 g)

Converting the grams into moles using the molar masses:

- Carbon: 55.8 g * (1 mol/12.01 g) = 4.65 mol

- Hydrogen: 6.98 g * (1 mol/1.008 g) = 6.92 mol

- Oxygen: 37.2 g * (1 mol/16.00 g) = 2.32 mol

Dividing all the moles by the smallest number of moles (2.32 mol):

- Carbon: 4.65 mol / 2.32 mol ≈ 2

- Hydrogen: 6.92 mol / 2.32 mol ≈ 3

- Oxygen: 2.32 mol / 2.32 mol = 1

The empirical formula for vinyl acetate is C2H3O.

To determine the molecular formula, we compare the molar mass of the empirical formula (C2H3O) with the given molecular mass (86 g/mol). If the masses are the same, then the empirical and molecular formulas are the same.

The molar mass of C2H3O is:

2(12.01 g/mol) + 3(1.008 g/mol) + 16.00 g/mol = 43.03 g/mol

Since the molar mass of the empirical formula (43.03 g/mol) is less than the given molecular mass (86 g/mol), the molecular formula is a multiple of the empirical formula. We need to determine the ratio of the molecular mass to the empirical formula mass:

86 g/mol / 43.03 g/mol ≈ 2

The molecular formula of vinyl acetate is then 2 times the empirical formula:

C2H3O × 2 = C4H6O2.

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What is the distance between two spheres, each with a charge of 2.4×10^-6 C, when the force between them in 0.50 N?

Answers

Answer: Use the formula F= k q1q2/r^2 where k= 1/4π€ and it's value in air is 9× 10^9.

q1=q2= 2.4×10^-6C

F= 0.5N

You will get the value of r^2 and then will have to find the squre root of that value.

Explanation:

laska is surroned by cold water so the more hurricanes than most areas of the united states

Answers

Answer:

Im confused by the question, what exactly are you asking?

Explanation:

2. What is the name of the lens of a microscope through which the image is viewed?
a. objective
c. diaphragm
b. eyepiece
d. stage

Answers

Answer:

b

Explanation:

the ocular lens or eyepiece lens ...so its b

Compute the following and give your answer in scientific notation:
(3.51 x 10-²) - 2.94 × 10-²
=
× 10^

Answers

Answer is 5.7 x 10^-3

Explanation:

Move the decimal 3 times to right in the number so that the resulting number, m = 5.7, is greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10
Since we moved the decimal to the right the exponent n is negative
n = -3
Write in the scientific notation form, m × 10n
= 5.7 × 10-3

1. Recrystallization of the compound will purify the compound, explain will the melting point range of the purified compound increase or decrease?
2. What happens to the impurities during recrystallization? In other words, how are insoluble impurities are removed? (Example- recrystallization of Salicylic acid acid from a mixture of (Salicylic acid and Sand)

Answers

1. When a compound is purified through recrystallization, the melting point range of the compound increases. It is one of the most common techniques used for the purification of solids. It involves dissolving the compound in a minimum amount of hot solvent and then slowly cooling the solution. This process results in the formation of purified crystals of the compound.

The melting point of a solid compound is the temperature range at which it melts and changes from a solid to a liquid state. The melting point of a pure compound is always higher and has a narrower range than the melting point of an impure compound. Therefore, recrystallization can be used to increase the melting point range of the compound, making it more pure.

2. Impurities in the mixture can be removed through the process of recrystallization. Insoluble impurities are removed through the filtration process. Salicylic acid is a slightly soluble in cold water, and highly soluble in hot water. Sand, on the other hand, is insoluble in water. The mixture is dissolved in hot water, which dissolves the salicylic acid. After filtration, the sand remains on the filter paper while the salicylic acid solution passes through the filter paper.

The solution is then cooled, causing the salicylic acid to recrystallize, resulting in the separation of pure crystals of salicylic acid. The impurities, such as sand, are left behind in the filtrate, while the purified compound is collected through recrystallization.

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A gas syringe contains 42.3 milliliters of a gas at 371 K. Determine the volume that the gas will occupy if the temperature is decreased to 254 K.

Answers

Answer:

28.82 mL

Explanation:

This is about gases laws, in this case about  Charles Gay Lussac.

At constant pressure the volume is proportional to the T°.

V₁ / T₁ =  V₂ /T₂

42.1 mL / 371K = V₂ /254K

(42.1 mL / 371K) . 254K

V₂ = 28.82 mL

In conclussion:

As T° was decreased, the volume also decreased too.

Temperature ______ as the average kinetic energy of a gas decreases

decreases
increases

Answers

Answer:

decreases

Explanation:

More molecules have lower speeds and fewer molecules have higher speeds, and the distribution shifts toward lower speeds overall, that is, to the left.

Hope this Helps! :)

Have any questions? Ask below in the comments and I will try my best to answer.

-SGO

Can the density of a substance be changed?

Answers

Explanation:

density can be changed by changing either the pressure or the temperature. Increasing the pressure always increases the density of a material. Increasing the temperature generally decreases the density, but there are notable exceptions to this generalization.

What kind of music might you expect from a group that called themselves "The Entropics"?

Answers

Answer:

See explanation.

Explanation:

Heavy metal or something else that is heavily disordered. Would still sound better than cardi b.

A stealth bomber is moving at 799km/h west and travels to a top velocity of 1,1325km/h west in 4.8 minutes.
What is the stealth bomber's acceleration in m/s??

Answers

Answer:

10.1 ms^-2

Explanation:

From;

v = u + at

v = final velocity

u = initial velocity

a= acceleration

t = time taken

To convert the velocity from Km/hr to m/s we us;

x * 1000/3600

Where x is the velocity in Km/hr

So;

799 * 1000/3600 = 221.9 m/s

11325 * 1000/3600 = 3145.8 m/s

4.8 minutes = 4.8 * 60 = 288 s

Applying the formula;

a= v - u/t

a = 3145.8 - 221.9/288

a = 10.1 ms^-2

what is photosynthesis ?​

Answers

Answer:

the process by which green plants and some other organisms use sunlight to synthesize foods from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis in plants generally involves the green pigment chlorophyll and generates oxygen as a byproduct.

Explanation:

basically when plants make food for themselves

Answer:

photosynthesis, the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy. During photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and energy-rich organic compounds.

Explanation:

hii are you also from India ¯\_(ツ)_/¯

a substance has neither of fixed shape nor a fixed volume state whether it is a solid or liquid or gas​

Answers

A gas because if you freeze water, it turns into a shape as where gas can’t be frozen

Hey!!!

The answer of your question is Gas.

Explanations:

Solid have a fixed shape and volume.

Liquid have a definite volume but no definite shape

Gas neither have fixed shape nor a fixed volume.

Hope it helps...

Good luck on your assignment

What chemical property does a wick have that wax doesn’t????

Answers

Answer:

Wick as compared to wax has higher stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering

Explanation:

Wick as compared to wax has higher stiffness, fire-resistance, and tethering

Without a wick, wax will melt easily and the candle made of wax will not last longer.

But a candle of wax mixed with wick will have last longer as wick allows wax to stay as liquid on the top of burning candle till it vaporizes thereby increasing the life of wax

Calculate the ionization constant of each reaction. hcl (aq) + h2o (l) equation h3o+ (aq) + cl- (aq); [hcl] = 16.9m, [h3o+] = 13.3m, [cl-] = 7.4mka =

Answers

The ionization constant from the reaction as shown in the calculation is 5.8.

What is the ionization constant?

The term ionization constant refers to the extent to which the acid is ionized in solution. It is calculated from;

Ka = [H3O^+] [Cl]/[HCl]

Thus when we substitute the values;

Ka = 13.3 * 7.4/ 16.9

Ka = 5.8

The ionization constant from the reaction as shown in the calculation is 5.8.

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Suppose that it rains when the temperature of the ground, and the air just above the ground, is below the freezing point of water (0 C). The rain freezes. Will the freezing lower or raise the temperature near the ground? Explain.

Answers

Rain freezing is a condition of "exothermic" process. The freezing rain emits thermal energy, which is then transmitted to the earth. The earth will receive thermal energy if the rain loses thermal energy. As a result, the ground's temperature rises.

Due to the salt in saltwater, it freezes at a lower temperature than fresh water, approximately 28.4 degrees Fahrenheit (ca. -2 °C). However, because only the water portion of saltwater freezes, very little salt is present in the ice when it is formed. Water may be made from it by melting it down.

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Based on the mole ratios of the substances in a chemical reaction shown, which is the correct equation for the chemical reaction?

Based on the mole ratios of the substances in a chemical reaction shown, which is the correct equation

Answers

In a chemical reaction represented by the general equation A + B → C + D, there are four distinct mole ratios that can be written.

The MOLE RATIO is a comparison of how many moles of one substance are required to participate in a chemical reaction with another substance, based on the balanced chemical equation.

What is mole ratio?

A mole ratio in chemistry is the ratio of the mole quantities of any two chemicals that are involved in a chemical reaction. The balanced chemical equation for the reaction, which displays the proportional numbers of molecules or moles of each reactant and result, is where it is generated. Stoichiometry, or the computation of the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical process, makes use of mole ratios. They can be used to forecast how much of a product will be formed from a given amount of reactant or to figure out how much of one material is required to react completely with a given amount of another substance.

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11. A student is studying guppies, a type of fish. The student learns
that common guppies normally live in water with temperatures from
22°C to 30°C. The student counts the number of movements in 1
minute at several different temperatures. According to the student's
graph, about how many movements on average would the guppies
most likely make at 30°C?

Answers

i’m not for sure ik really sorry

Which joint in the human body is similar to the chicken wing joint?

Answers

The joint in the human body which is similar to the chicken wing joint is referred to as the elbow joint.

What is a Joint?

This is referred to as a point where two or more bones meet and are usually lined with cartilages so as to reduce the effect of friction as it causes wear and tear of the skeletal structures which are important for our movement.

The chicken has a structure called wing as its hands which is therefore the reason why it is similar to that of the elbow joint in humans and makes it the correct choice.

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Calculate the pH of 0.046 M HClO4.a. 0.046b. 7.00c. 1.34d. 12.66e. none of these

Answers

The pH of a 0.046 M HClO₄ solution is (c) 1.34.

HClO₄, or perchloric acid, is a strong acid that dissociates completely in water. Given a 0.046 M solution of HClO₄, we can calculate its pH using the formula:

pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]

Since HClO₄ dissociates completely, the concentration of hydrogen ions [H⁺] in the solution will be equal to the concentration of the HClO₄, which is 0.046 M. Plugging this value into the formula:

pH = -log₁₀(0.046)

Calculating the logarithm gives us:

pH ≈ 1.34

Therefore, the pH of a 0.046 M HClO₄ solution is approximately 1.34. The correct answer is option (c).

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How is Hess's law used to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction?
A. The enthalpy is obtained from the difference in final and initial reactions in a path.
B. Enthalpies from similar equations are substituted for unknown reaction enthalpies. C. The final equation in a reaction path provides the enthalpy for the desired reaction.
D. The desired enthalpy is obtained through adding intermediate reactions together.​

Answers

Considering the Hess's Law, the desired enthalpy is obtained through adding intermediate reactions together. (option D)

Hess's Law

Hess's law, also called Law can also be called Law of additivity of the enthalpies of reaction, it is a useful method when it is not possible to calculate the enthalpies of reaction from the enthalpies of formation, or in reactions in which the reaction enthalpy cannot be determined experimentally because it is very slow or very explosive.

Hess's law states that when reactants are converted to products, the enthalpy change is the same whether the reaction takes place in one step or in a series of steps.

In this way, Hess's Law determines that when a chemical reaction can be expressed as an algebraic sum of other reactions, its reaction enthalpy is equal to the sum of the enthalpies of the partial reactions. In this way, it allows thermochemical equations to be treated as algebraic equations, and can be added, subtracted, or multiplied by a number to find the desired thermochemical equation.

Summary

Hess's Law states that the sum of the ∆H of each stage of the reaction will give us a value equal to the ∆H of the reaction when it occurs in a single stage.

That is, the desired enthalpy is obtained through adding intermediate reactions together. (option D)

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Pls help one chemistry question :/

In the following reaction, the energy of the reactants is 860 kJ/mol and the bond energy of the products is 680 kJ/mol. What is the total energy of the reaction? Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic?​

A. 1340 kJ/mol, endothernic

B. 180 kJ/mol, endothernic

C. -180 kJ/mol exothermic

D. -1340 kJ/mol exothermic ​

Answers

The heat of reaction is 180 kJ/mol hence the reaction is endothermic.

What is bond energy?

Bond energy is the energy that is required to form a bond and must be supplied in order to break the bond. In the question, we are told that the energy of the reactants is 860 kJ/mol and the bond energy of the products is 680 kJ/mol.

Heat of reaction = Bond energy of reactants - Bond energy of products

= 860 kJ/mol - 680 kJ/mol = 180 kJ/mol hence the reaction is endothermic.

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please help asap in 10 mins
What are the conditions necessary for electro-chemical corrosion to occur?

Answers

Answer:

Presence of an Electrolyte

Metal Surface

Oxygen or Other Oxidizing Agent

Difference in Potential

Electrochemical Pathway

Explanation:

86. Consider the carbon-nitrogen bonds shown below:
CEN and
Η
Η
|
H-C-N:
||
Η Η
Which bond is shorter? Which is stronger?

Answers

Answer: I belive it is HH to h-c-n

Explanation: yea

*
The prevailing weather patterns of a region

Answers

Answer:

noun. the composite or generally prevailing weather conditions of a region, as temperature, air pressure, humidity, precipitation, sunshine, cloudiness, and winds, throughout the year, averaged over a series of years. a region or area characterized by a given climate: to move to a warm climate.

Explanation:

H2(g)
Mg(s) + 2H* (aq) + 2Cl(aq) → Mg2+ (aq) + 2Cl(aq) +
Which is the spectator ion in this equation?

Answers

The spectator ion in this equation is Cl.

Compare the reactant and product sides of the rewritten response and move out the spectator ions. Any dissolved ions that appear inside the same form on both facets are spectator ions. If all are spectator ions then no response takes location.

A spectator ion is an ion that exists as a reactant and a product in a chemical equation. The ions which do not take part in chemical reactions and present identically on both facets of the reactions are called Spectator ions. in the net chemical reaction, the spectator ions are canceled from each facet of the equation.

The hydrogen and hydroxide ions react to form water, however, the sodium and chlorine ions live in the solution unchanged. they're spectator ions because they did not take part in the chemical reaction.

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What is the wavelength of a
microwave with a frequency
of 2,450 MHz?

Answers

Answer:

about 12 cm

Explanation:

Considering the frequency of 2,450 MHz, the wavelength of microwave oven radiation is about 12 cm and the quantum energy of a microwave photon is about 1 x 10-5 eV.

What do phagoocytes do?

Answers

Phagocytes are cells that protect the body by ingesting harmful foreign particles, bacteria, and dead cells.

A phagocyte is a type of white blood cell. Phagocytic cells such as macrophages and neutrophils play an essential role as they surround and kill microorganisms, ingest foreign material, and remove dead cells a process essential for the defense of the human body against infections. They can also boost immune responses.

Invading microorganisms are ingested by phagocytic cells and subsequently found in membrane-delimited phagosomes, where they are killed. The immune system cells that perform phagocytosis can also use other mechanisms to destroy pathogens inside the phagolysosome, such as Oxygen Radicals, Nitric Acids, Antimicrobial Peptides etc.

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