in the following compound, how many lone pairs of electrons does the nitrogen atom bear? (enter answer as a number.)

Answer:

Following are the difference in homolytic and hetrolytic bond dissociation.

Energy released during Homolytic fission is lower than the Hetrolytic fission as the electron distribution to its fragments is uniform in homolytic whereas electron distribution to its fragments is uniform in hetrolytic fission.

Thus bonds form in hetrolytic fission is more stronger than the the bonds formed in homolytic fission.

Hence, more energy is required to break the bonds of hetrolytic fission as compared to homolytic fission

Thus, homolytic dissociation energy of H-H (104 KJ/mol) is lower than its heterolytic bond dissociation energy (401 KJ/mol)

Answer:

Electrolysis is a process in which an electric current is used to drive a chemical reaction that would not otherwise occur.

When an electric current is passed through the cell, the ions in the electrolyte solution are attracted to the electrodes and undergo a chemical reaction at the surface of the electrodes.

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a. The chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is:

2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

b. The gas obtained at the anode during the electrolysis of water is oxygen (O2).

c. The volume of gas obtained at the anode is 0.002232 moles or approximately 0.05 L of oxygen gas.

a. The chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is:

2H2O(l) → 2H2(g) + O2(g)

b. The gas obtained at the anode during the electrolysis of water is oxygen (O2).

c. According to the balanced chemical equation, for every 2 moles of water (H2O) electrolyzed, 1 mole of oxygen gas (O2) is obtained. Since 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 L at standard temperature and pressure (STP), we can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to determine the volume of oxygen gas produced.

Given that 50 cm³ of gas is obtained at the anode, we need to convert this volume to liters:

50 cm³ = 50/1000 L = 0.05 L

Using the stoichiometric ratio of the balanced equation, we find that 2 moles of water produce 1 mole of oxygen gas. Therefore, 0.05 L of oxygen gas is equivalent to:

0.05 L × (1 mole/22.4 L) = 0.002232 moles

Thus, the volume of gas obtained at the anode is 0.002232 moles or approximately 0.05 L of oxygen gas.

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0.6137 g of KHP contains 1.086 × 10^21 acidic protons.

Number of moles of KHP = mass of KHP/molar mass of KHP

Molar mass of KHP = 204.22 g/mol

Mass of KHP = 0.6137 g

Number of moles of KHP = 0.6137 g/204.22 g/mol = 0.003 moles of KHP

Now,  1 each molecule of KHP contains 1 acidic proton.

For 0.003 moles of KHP there are; 0.003 × 1 × NA

Where NA is Avogadro's number.

So;  0.003 moles of KHP contains 0.003 × 1 × 6.02 × 10^23

= 1.086 × 10^21 acidic protons.

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Container 3 has the gas stored at the highest temperature.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance. In the given table, it is stated that container 3 has a large number of collisions with container walls, high average kinetic energy, and large number of particles with large spaces between them.

These properties indicate that the gas in container 3 has higher kinetic energy and more vigorous movement compared to the other containers.

Container 1 has a low number of collisions with container walls and a medium average kinetic energy. This suggests that the gas in container 1 has lower energy and less movement than the gas in container 3.

Container 2 has a large number of collisions with container walls, but it also has a small number of particles with little spaces between them. While the collisions may be frequent, the limited number of particles and the lack of space between them may result in lower overall kinetic energy compared to container 3.

Container 4 has few collisions with container walls, low average kinetic energy, and a small number of particles. These properties indicate that the gas in container 4 has the lowest energy and least movement among all the containers.

Container 3

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Answer:

Can be used to do work,and it can be converted to potential.

Explanation:

Answer: can it be used to do work

Explanation:

Answer:The concentration of the reactants. The more concentrated the faster the rate.

Temperature.

Physical state of reactants.

The presence (and concentration/physical form) of a catalyst (or inhibitor)

Light.

Answer:

pyroxenite, quartzite, dunite (over 90% olivine), anorthosite (over 90% plagioclase feldspar), marble, chalk, gypsum

Explanation:

Of the two enzymes studied, when plotting concentration versus reaction rate, enzyme A produces a hyperbolic plot and enzyme B produces a linear plot.

The reaction rate of enzyme A increases uniformly, reaches a saturation point, and the reaction rate of enzyme B decreases uniformly over the same set of conditions.

Given this data, enzyme A obeys the Michaelis-Menten equation. Analyzing the shape of this plot, the estimated value of Vmax is 112 mmol/s and KM is 8 × 10-³ mmol/L. For enzyme B, there is no defined saturation point and the reaction rate decreases uniformly.

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Compared to 2,3,4-trifluoropentane, the nonane's carbon chains are longer.

A substance's molar mass is defined as its molecular weight in grams. By adding the molar masses of a substance's constituent atoms, we may get the substance's molar mass. Then, to convert between mass and the quantity of moles of the material, we may utilize the computed molar mass.

Adding the atomic masses of a particular substance results in the calculation of molar mass. Below each element's symbol on the periodic table is a designation of the mass of that specific element. The molar mass is obtained by averaging the atomic masses obtained from the periodic table.

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The 2 isotopes of Nitrogen are Nitrogen-14  and Nitrogen-15 .

Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons and different number of neutrons. Even though they have nearly identical chemical properties, they differ in mass which affects their physical properties.

As you know, the atomic number of nitrogen is = 7.

Isotopes are forms of elements that have the same atomic number (Z) but different mass numbers because they have different numbers of neutrons (A).

Now,

Atomic number = number of protons

Isotopes have the same atomic number.

Atomic number for both isotopes = 7. However, the mass numbers of the two isotopes are different.

In other words, the mass number = the number of (protons + electrons).

Therefore, nitrogen-14 has a mass number of 14 and nitrogen-15 has a mass number of 15.

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Answer: It does not need to be balanced.

Explanation:

2 H on both sides

1 Na on both sides

1 O on both sides

Answer:

1-butene

Explanation:

In this case, the problem is already stating and saying the reaction involved here.

1-bromobutane undergoes a dehydrohalogenation in presence of a base. This will cause an elimination reaction forming a product.

As this is an elimination product, this can be done in two ways.

The first way is with an unimolecular reaction where the halide is eliminated from the starting reactant in a two step reaction involving a carbocation formation. This is known as E1 reaction. However, the conditions for this reaction is to be in acid medium.

The second way is with a bimolecular reaction where the halide is eliminated from the starting reactant in just one step, and no carbocation is formed. This is known as E2 reaction and is commonly used with bases.

In the case of this problem, we are undergoing an E2 reaction, therefore, the mechanism of reaction is just one step, and when this happens, the base substract the hydrogen from Carbon 2, eliminates the bromide and forms a double bond, giving the 1-butene.

You can see the mechanism in the following picture.

Hope this helps

1-butene is the organic byproduct of 1-bromobutane's dehydrohalogenation in the presence of a base.

In the process of dehydrohalogenation, a molecule loses both a hydrogen and a halogen atom (such as a halogen from chlorine, bromine, or iodine) to create an unsaturated compound. The production of alkenes or alkynes, which are crucial in organic chemistry, is frequently accomplished using this reaction. Eliminating a hydrogen halide (HX) from a halogenoalkane or alkyl halide is the most important step in dehydrohalogenation. The E1 and E2 reactions are the two basic processes that can be used to do this. There are two steps in the E1 reaction. The halogenoalkane first passes through ionisation and creates a carbocation intermediate.

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Answer:

answer

Explanation:

An object that has a small mass and an object that has a large mass have the same momentum. ... Since the kinetic energy of an object is momentum times of speed. Therefore, for the same momentum, the mass of higher speed will have more energy i.e. the smaller mass.

The volume of 12 gas forms when 21 L Cl2 react at STP is 21 L.

To determine the volume of 12 gas (I assume you mean I2 gas) formed when 21 L of Cl2 reacts at STP (standard temperature and pressure), we need to use the ideal gas law equation.

The ideal gas law equation is given by:

PV = nRT

Where:

P = pressure

V = volume

n = number of moles

R = ideal gas constant

T = temperature

At STP, the pressure is 1 atm, and the temperature is 273.15 K.

From the balanced equation, we can see that the molar ratio between Cl2 and I2 is 1:1. So, if 21 L of Cl2 reacts, it will produce an equal volume of I2 gas.

Given that the volume of Cl2 is 21 L, we can assume the volume of I2 gas formed will also be 21 L.

Therefore, the volume of I2 gas formed is 21 L.

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Answer:

1. Using the ideal gas law, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin, we can solve for V:

V = (nRT) / P

Plugging in the given values, we get:

V = (0.210 mol)(0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(295.5 K) / 1.00 atm

V = 4.91 L

Therefore, the sample of gas occupies 4.91 L.

2. We can use the combined gas law to find the new volume of the sample at the new temperature and pressure:

(P1V1) / (n1T1) = (P2V2) / (n2T2)

At conditions 1, we know P1 = 1.00 atm, V1 = 4.91 L, n1 = 0.210 mol, and T1 = 295.5 K.

At conditions 2, we know P2 = 1.00 atm (pressure is constant), n2 = n1 (number of moles is constant), and T2 = 95.0 + 273.15 = 368.15 K.

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (P1V1n2T2) / (n1T1P2)

V2 = (1.00 atm)(4.91 L)(0.210 mol)(368.15 K) / (0.210 mol)(295.5 K)(1.00 atm)

V2 = 7.23 L

Therefore, the new volume of the sample at the higher temperature is 7.23 L.

3. At STP (standard temperature and pressure), which is 0 °C (273.15 K) and 1 atm, the molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.4 L/mol. Therefore, the number of moles of gas can be calculated as:

n = V / Vm

where Vm is the molar volume of gas at STP, which is 22.4 L/mol.

n = 2.82 L / 22.4 L/mol

n = 0.126 mol

The molar mass of the gas can be calculated as:

molar mass = mass / n

mass = 2.54 g

molar mass = 2.54 g / 0.126 mol

molar mass = 20.16 g/mol

Therefore, the molar mass of the gas is 20.16 g/mol.

4. Let's assume that the total number of moles in the mixture is 1 (since we don't know the actual amount). The first gas constitutes 65% of the mixture, so its mole fraction is 0.65. Therefore, the mole fraction of the second gas is 0.35 (since the sum of the mole fractions must equal 1). The partial pressures of the two gases can be calculated using the mole fractions and the total pressure:

Pgas1 = mole fraction of gas 1 x total pressure

Pgas1 = 0.65 x 4.3 atm

Pgas1 = 2.79 atm

Pgas2 = mole fraction of gas 2 x total pressure

Pgas2 = 0.35 x 4.3 atm

Pgas2 = 1.51 atm

Therefore, the partial pressure of the first gas is 2.79 atm and the partial pressure of the second gas is 1.51 atm.

5. The mole fraction of a gas is the ratio of the number of moles of that gas to the total number of moles in the mixture. We can find the total number of moles by adding up the partial pressures of the gases and dividing by the total pressure:

total moles = (partial pressure of gas A + partial pressure of gas B + partial pressure of gas C) / total pressure

total moles = (0.75 atm + 0.50 atm + 0.25 atm) / 1.50 atm

total moles = 1.50 moles

To find the mole fraction of helium, we need to know the number of moles of helium. We can use the partial pressure of helium and the total pressure to calculate the number of moles of helium using the ideal gas law:

n = PV / RT

n = (0.50 atm)(1.00 L) / (0.08206 L·atm/mol·K)(298 K)

n = 0.0202 mol

Now we can calculate the mole fraction of helium:

mole fraction of helium = moles of helium / total moles

mole fraction of helium = 0.0202 mol / 1.50 moles

mole fraction of helium = 0.0135

Therefore, the mole fraction of helium in the gas mixture is 0.0135.

Explanation:

Find out number of molecules first. To find out number of molecules, first we need to know the number of moles present. The number of moles can be obtained by dividing the weight by molecular mass. The Molecular mass of water is 18. Now, by multiplying the moles with the Avogadro number we can find out the number of molecules. Avogadro number is 6×(10 to the power 23). Hence the final result is 3.7/18 ×6 × ( 10 to the power 23).

Hope this helps, if not I'm very sorry.

Explanation:

When an unopened bottle of carbonated water appears to contain no gases, it is actually because the gas is dissolved in the water under pressure. This large-scale behavior can be explained by understanding the relationship between pressure, solubility, and the behavior of particles at a small scale.

Carbonated water is typically created by dissolving carbon dioxide (CO2) gas in water under pressure. At a small scale, water molecules form a network of hydrogen bonds, creating spaces where gas molecules can fit. When CO2 is dissolved in water, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), which contributes to the slightly acidic taste of carbonated water. The solubility of CO2 in water increases with increasing pressure.

Henry's Law describes the relationship between the solubility of a gas in a liquid and the partial pressure of the gas above the liquid. According to Henry's Law, at a constant temperature, the amount of dissolved gas is proportional to the partial pressure of that gas in equilibrium with the liquid. In the case of carbonated water, when the bottle is sealed, the pressure inside the bottle is higher than atmospheric pressure, and a larger amount of CO2 can dissolve in the water.

When you open the bottle, the pressure inside the bottle rapidly decreases to match the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the solubility of CO2 in the water decreases, and the excess CO2 comes out of the solution in the form of bubbles. This is the fizzing you observe when opening a bottle of carbonated water. At a small scale, the CO2 molecules that were once dissolved in the water now form bubbles, which grow and rise to the surface, eventually escaping into the air.

The first transition element is Scandium with the electronic configuration [Ar] 3d1 4s2.

The atomic number of Scandium is 21.

Scandium has two valence electrons in its electronic configuration using KLMN, which are located in the 4s orbital.

The transition elements, also known as transition metals, have unique properties such as high melting and boiling points, good conductivity, and the ability to form colored compounds. They are also used in various industries, such as electronics, construction, and medicine.

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The uniformity of the cosmic background radiation implies that the source of the radiation filled the entire universe.

Radiation refers to the emission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or a material medium. This energy can be in the form of electromagnetic waves, such as visible light, radio waves, and X-rays, or it can be in the form of particles, such as alpha and beta particles, neutrons, and protons. Radiation can be natural, such as from the sun, or it can be man-made, such as from nuclear power plants and X-ray machines. Radiation can have both beneficial and harmful effects, depending on the amount and type of radiation and the way it is used or encountered.

Here,

This is because the radiation is not stronger in any one direction or part of the universe than in others, indicating that the source was uniformly distributed throughout space. If the source had moved randomly or existed for a very short or very long time, it would not be expected to produce such a uniform distribution of radiation.

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Answer:

Higher than

Explanation:

The boiling point of a solution is a colligative property

Atoms present ∝ Colligative Property (Boiling Point)

Since KCl is a strong electrolyte, it completely dissociates into K⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, which doubles the number of atoms as compared to what was initially added

Now it's competition is very weak, Pure water has nothing else dissolved in it. which means that our solution will have much higher boiling point as compared to Pure Water

Answer:

0.50 mole of KCI, a strong electrolyte, is added to 2.0kg of water. The boiling point of the solution will be higher then the boiling point of pure water.

The chemical equation for the decomposition of water is:

\(2 H_2O -- > 2 H_2 + O_2\)

To balance this equation, we need to count the number of atoms of each element on both sides of the equation.

On the left side of the equation, we have:

2 hydrogen atoms (2 H₂O)

2 oxygen atoms (2 H₂O)

On the right side of the equation, we have:

2 hydrogen atoms (2 H₂)

2 oxygen atoms (1 O₂)

We can see that the number of hydrogen atoms is already balanced, but the number of oxygen atoms is not. To balance the equation, we need to add a coefficient in front of O2 so that we have the same number of oxygen atoms on both sides.

The balanced equation is:

\(2 H_2O -- > 2 H_2 + 1 O_2\)

A compound is broken down into simpler compounds during a decomposition reaction. Different techniques, such as heating, exposure to light, or the inclusion of a catalyst, can be used to produce this reaction.

The reactant component splits into two or more products, which may be elements or compounds, during decomposition. A synthesis reaction, in which less complex substances join to create a more complex compound, is the antithesis of this reaction.

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Answer:

Br-CH2-CH(CH3)2-C(Cl)H-CH(CH3)2-CHO

Explanation:

The molecule has a total of 14 carbon atoms, 13 hydrogen atoms, and 1 bromine atom. The carbon atoms are arranged in a chain with a methyl group attached to the second carbon atom, a chlorine atom attached to the third carbon atom, and two methyl groups attached to the fourth carbon atom. The fifth carbon atom has a carbonyl group attached to it.

The molecule is an aldehyde, which means that it has a carbonyl group (C=O) at the end of the chain. The carbonyl group is polar, and the oxygen atom has a partial negative charge. The hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge. This polarity makes the aldehyde group susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The bromine and chlorine atoms are both electrophilic, which means that they have a partial positive charge. This makes them susceptible to nucleophilic attack.

The methyl groups are non-polar and do not have any significant reactivity.

The molecule is a chiral molecule, which means that it has a mirror image that is not superimposable on itself. This is because the carbon atom with the carbonyl group is attached to four different groups.

The molecule is a liquid at room temperature and has a strong odor. It is used in a variety of products, including perfumes, flavorings, and plastics.

Explanation:

In fluorine

protons = 9

Neutrons = 10

Electrons = 9

Hope it will help :)❤

Answer

144.564 grams

Exlanation

The given moles of MgO = 3.500 moles

The mass in grams of MgO can be calculated using the mole formula.

From the periodic table, the atomic masses of (O = 15.999, Mg = 24.305)

Molar mass of MgO = (24.305 + 15.999) = 40.304 g/mol

Putting mole = 3.500 mol and molar mass = 40.304 g/mol into the mole formulag/mol

Therefore, the grams of magnesium oxide (MgO) that are in 3.500 moles of magnesium oxide = P144.564 grams

No. of moles of Ni = 1.7 mole

No of atoms of Ni = 1.023× 10²⁴ atom

A mole is equivalent to 6.022 × 10²³ units of that material (such as atoms, molecules, or ions). Avogadro's number, or Avogadro's constant, is 6.022 × 10²³

For instance, a mole of carbon-12 atoms weighs 12 grammes. Additionally, a mole of hydrogen atoms weighs 1 gram, but a mole of hydrogen molecules weighs 2 gram.

Given that,

mass of nickel (m) =  100 gm

Now, no. of moles of Ni = mass / molar mass

                                        = 100 gm/ (59 gm/mole)

[ As we know, molar mass of Nickel (Ni) = 59 gm/mole ]

                                        = 1.7 mole

Now, no of atoms = no. of mole × Avogadro's No. (\(N_{A}\))

                             = 1.7 mole × 6.022 × 10²³ atom/mole

                             = 10.23 × 10²³ atom

                             = 1.023× 10²⁴ atom

Thus, no. of moles of Ni = 1.7 mole

no. of atoms of Ni = 1.023× 10²⁴ atom

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Answer:

Two of them are solids, one is liquid. Two of them are edible, one is not. One is a mixture, and two are not.

Explanation:

The mole of the substance, given the data from the question is 0.0014 mole

This is simply defined as the mole of solute per kilogram of water. Mathematically, it is expressed as

Molality = mole / mass (Kg) of water

Mole = molality × mass of water

Mole of substance = 0.056 × 0.0254

Mole of substance = 0.0014 mole

Thus, the mole of the substance is 0.0014 mole

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