in the acid-base chemistry experiment the measurement of ph will be used to explore acid-base concepts, analyze an unknown, and determine percent k and fe in the iron salt. the ph is measured using ph paper, acid-base indicators, and a combination ph electrode. quantitative measurements are made using a combination ph electrode interfaced with a computer in a ph titration using dilute naoh. the molarity of a strong acid (hcl), equivalent weight and pka of an unknown weak acid, and percent k and fe in your iron salt are all determined in this way. samples of the iron salt are run through a cation exchange column to prepare for titration. choose either true or false for each of the following statements : - a solution with a hydronium molarity of 0.00045 is acidic. - ph is a way to express the hydronium concentration over a wide range. - percent k and fe are determined by doing ion exchange then a ph titration. - about 0.2m hcl is the titrant used for the ph titrations. - a lewis base is a species that can donate a proton to an acid a. true b. false 3 points save answer question 2 the calibration of measuring devices is critical to accurate measurements in science. just as the temperature probe was calibrated in the calorimetry experiment the ph electrode needs to be checked and adjusted if needed. solutions of known constant ph, ph buffers, are used to calibrate ph electrodes. before you get started there is some information about ph electrodes that you need to be aware of: the bulb at the tip of the electrode is fragile. the bulb must be kept immersed in solution at all times except when transferring from one solution to another. always rinse with distilled water into a waste beaker and blot off excess water before placing the electrode in a new solution. do not wipe the electrode to dry it. make sure there are no air bubbles around the bulb in solution. the electrode bulb and a little more needs to be immersed in a solution to measure its ph. put the following steps for a two point calibration of the electrode in the correct order: order steps 1-5 - finally, after calibrating the electrode in two buffers, measure the ph in both buffers to check the calibration. - if the ph in either buffer is off by more that 0.2 ph units calibrate the electrode (less if you want to be more precise) - calibrate the electrode in the second buffer. - first check the calibration of the electrode in two different buffers. - calibrate the electrode in the first buffer.

There are numerous subcultures, such as hippies, anti-gun groups, high school jocks, environmental activists, people in the furry community, people in the cosplay community, punks, goths, and many more.

"An identifiable subgroup within a society or group of people, particularly one distinguished by beliefs or interests that differ from those of the larger group."

Subcultures are important in articulating an identity, creating a sense of belonging, and influencing members to think about their relationship to mainstream society; however, subcultures differ from widely recognized identity categories such as ethnicity.

Subcultures exist within a society's dominant culture. Subcultures in America include hippies, punk rockers, beatniks, and hipsters.

Thus, There are numerous subcultures, such as hippies, anti-gun groups, high school jocks, environmental activists, people in the furry community.

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The solubility of the salts is affected by the temperature changes. 1. NaCl is least affected by temperature. 2. supersaturated. 3. 60 grams KBr. 4. Ethanol has both polar and non-polar groups. 5. Mixing and shaking.

A KBr solution with 90 gm solute in 100 grams of water at 50 degrees is classified as supersaturated. 60 grams of KBr are needed to make a saturated solution in 100 gm of water at 30 degrees.

Ethanol is a general solvent due to the presence of both the polar and the non-Polar groups. As a result, it is easier to dissolve both polar molecules and non-Polar molecules. The dissolving rate can be increased by mixing or shaking the solution. Also, the sugar dissolves faster in hot than cold tea.

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According to the quantum theory of atomic structure, an atom has all the characteristics except d) The ground state of an atom represents the absence of quantized energy.

Science that studies how matter and light behave on an atomic and subatomic scale is known as quantum mechanics.

It makes an effort to explain and describe the characteristics of molecules, atoms, and their building blocks, including electrons, protons, neutrons, and other less familiar particles like quarks and gluons.

Modern physics’ theoretical underpinning, quantum theory, describes the nature and behavior of matter and energy at the atomic and subatomic scales.

Quantum physics and alongside quantum mechanics are the terms that refer to the nature and behavior of matter and the energy present at that level.

Atoms can be stable because the attraction caused by potential and the spreading out caused by quantum mechanics balance each other out.

The orbit of an electron around an atom in classical mechanics is unstable because the energy required to maintain the orbit is released as light.

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2SO₂+O₂⇒2SO₃  ΔH=-197 kJ

Based on the principle of Hess's Law, the change in enthalpy of a reaction will be the same even though it is through several stages or ways

Reaction

2SO₂+O₂⇒2SO₃

Given :

1. S(s)+O₂(g)→SO₂(g) ΔH = -297 kJ

Reverse

SO₂(g) ⇒S(s)+O₂(g ΔH = +297 kJ (sign change to +) x 2

2SO₂(g) ⇒2S(s)+2O₂(g ΔH =  +594 kJ

2.2S(s)+3O2(g)→2SO3(g) ΔH=-791kJ

Add both reactions and remove/subtract the same compound for different sides

1. 2SO₂(g) ⇒2S(s)+2O₂(g) ΔH =  +594 kJ

2.2S(s)+3O₂(g)→2SO₃(g) ΔH=-791kJ

--------------------------------------------------------+

2SO₂+O₂⇒2SO₃  ΔH=-197 kJ

Answer:

so if an atom needs and electron it will form a bond with another so it will balance out.

Explanation:

Answer:

The property of metals that is the result of light reflecting off the electrons is

A.  shiny

The property of metals that is the result of light reflecting off the electrons is shiny. Hence, option A is correct.

The ability of a material to shine is called lustre. Gold, silver and other metals are examples of lustrous substances.

Metals are readily identified by their most common physical property, the ability to reflect light, known as lustre.

The property of metals that is the result of light reflecting off the electrons is shiny. Hence, option A is correct.

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(a) The hazard quotient is:

HQ = Intake / RfD = 0.0002 mg/day / 0.02 mg/kg/day = 0.01

(b) The cancer risk is 1 in 10,000.

(c) The cancer risk is 1 in 1,000.

Hazard quotient (HQ) is a measure used in risk assessment to evaluate the potential health risk posed by exposure to a chemical or other hazard. It is calculated as the ratio of the dose or exposure level of the chemical to a reference dose (RfD) or reference concentration (RfC) established by regulatory agencies or scientific bodies as a safe level of exposure. If the hazard quotient is greater than 1, it suggests that the level of exposure is of potential concern and additional risk assessment may be needed.

(a) The hazard quotient (HQ) is calculated as the daily intake of a chemical divided by its reference dose (RfD). The RfD for 1,1-dichloroethylene is 0.02 mg/kg/day.

The daily intake of 1,1-dichloroethylene can be calculated as:

Intake = concentration × ingestion rate × body weight

Intake = 0.1 μg/L × 2 L/day × 70 kg = 14 μg/day = 0.0002 mg/day

The hazard quotient is:

HQ = Intake / RfD = 0.0002 mg/day / 0.02 mg/kg/day = 0.01

(b) The cancer risk from exposure to 1,1-dichloroethylene can be estimated using the unit risk factor (URF) for this chemical, which is 0.5 per mg/kg/day. The cancer risk is calculated as:

Risk = Intake × URF = 0.0002 mg/day × 0.5 per mg/kg/day = 0.0001

Therefore, the cancer risk is 1 in 10,000.

(c) If the individual drinks this water for 30 years, the total exposure would be:

Exposure = Intake × 365 days/year × 30 years = 2.19 mg

The new hazard quotient is:

HQ = Exposure / (RfD × body weight) = 2.19 mg / (0.02 mg/kg/day × 70 kg) = 1.57

The new cancer risk is:

Risk = Exposure × URF = 2.19 mg × 0.5 per mg/kg/day = 1.10

Therefore, the cancer risk is 1 in 1,000.

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1.To calculate the concentration of ammonium ions in water, we need to determine the number of moles of ammonium ions and then convert it to milligrams per liter (mg/L).

Given:

Volume of water = 30 ml

Volume of ammonia released = 200 ml

First, we need to convert the volume of ammonia released to the volume of water. Since the ammonia was released from the reaction with sodium hydroxide, the volume of ammonia released is equivalent to the volume of water used. Therefore, the volume of water used is 200 ml.

Next, we'll calculate the number of moles of ammonium ions:

Molar volume of water = 18.015 g/mol

Volume of water used = 200 ml = 0.2 L

The molar ratio between sodium hydroxide and ammonium ions is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of ammonium ions is equal to the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used.

Now, let's calculate the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used:

Molar mass of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) = 22.99 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol + 1.01 g/mol = 39.99 g/mol

The concentration of sodium hydroxide in water is not provided. If you have the concentration of sodium hydroxide, we can use it to determine the number of moles of sodium hydroxide used. Without that information, we cannot calculate the number of moles of ammonium ions and, subsequently, the concentration of ammonium ions in water.

2. To determine the mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water, we'll use the information given:

Volume of drinking water = 20 ml

Mass of barium carbonate precipitate formed = 20 mg

We need to calculate the mass of barium in the precipitate and then convert it to milligrams per milliliter (mg/ml).

The molar mass of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) is:

Molar mass of barium (Ba) = 137.33 g/mol

Molar mass of carbonate (CO₃) = 12.01 g/mol + (3 × 16.00 g/mol) = 60.01 g/mol

Molar mass of barium carbonate (BaCO₃) = 137.33 g/mol + 60.01 g/mol = 197.34 g/mol

The molar ratio between barium carbonate and barium is 1:1. Therefore, the number of moles of barium in the precipitate is equal to the number of moles of barium carbonate formed.

Now, let's calculate the number of moles of barium carbonate:

Mass of barium carbonate precipitate formed = 20 mg = 0.020 g

Number of moles of barium carbonate = Mass of barium carbonate / Molar mass of barium carbonate

= 0.020 g / 197.34 g/mol

Finally, we'll calculate the mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water:

Volume of drinking water = 20 ml

Mass of barium in 1 ml of drinking water = (Number of moles of barium carbonate / Volume of drinking water) × Molar mass of barium

= (0.020 g / 197.34 g/mol) / 20 ml × 137.33 g/mol

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Answer:

The Changes I see is the Hot glass have less air bubbles than the Cold Glass. The Cold Glass has more air bubbles than the Hot Glass.

I hope this helps. I tried my best!! Good Luck!!

PPE should be worn in the presence of chemical hazards to protect the individual from potential harm. Its usage should be dictated by the presence of the hazard, not by memory or peer action.

You should wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) to protect yourself from chemical hazards whenever chemical hazards are present (Option B). PPE is designed to protect you from harmful exposure and injuries. The use of PPE must be based on the hazard presented, not simply when remembered or when others are using it. Hence, whenever you are dealing with chemical hazards, it's crucial to wear the appropriate PPE, which could include items such as gloves, eye protection, protective clothing, and respirators.

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Answer:

In chemistry, a single bond is a chemical bond between two atoms involving two valence electrons. That is, the atoms share one pair of electrons where the bond forms. Therefore, a single bond is a type of covalent bond.

Explanation:

(copied from Google)

Answer:

Water plays a very important role in chemical weathering in three different ways. First, it combines with carbon dioxide in the soil to form a weak acid called carbonic acid. ... Finally, the water can break up minerals through hydrolysis. The most common group of minerals, the silicates, is decomposed by this process.

Answer:  19.54 grams H2H4 remain

Explanation:

The moles of each reagent are calculated by dividing the mass of each by its molar mass (g/mole).  

N2H4:  (93.1g/(32.0 g/mole) = 2.908 moles

N2O4:  (105.7g/92.0 g/mole) = 1.149 moles

The balanced equation says we need  one mole N2O4 per 2 moles N2H4.  This means the 1.149 moles of N2O4 will consume 2*(1.149 moles) = 2.298 moles of N2H4.  Since we start with 2.908 moles, (2.908 - 2.298) = 0.611 moles N2H4 will remain unreacted.  Bummer.  Multiply by the molar mass of N2H4 to obtain 19.55 grams unreacted N2H4.  

Answer:

Option B is correct.

4

Explanation:

We know that an atom consist of electron, protons and neutrons. Protons and neutrons are present with in nucleus while the electrons are present out side the nucleus.

All these three subatomic particles construct an atom. A neutral atom have equal number of proton and electron. In other words we can say that negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude and cancel the each other. For example, if neutral atom has 6 protons than it must have 6 electrons. The sum of neutrons and protons is the mass number of an atom while the number of protons are number of electrons is the atomic number of an atom.

In given problem we are given with 2 neutrons of helium. We know that the atomic number of He is 2. Thus Mass number of He is,

Number of neutrons + number of proton

2 + 2 = 4

Thus, option B is correct.

The amount of oxygen needed in the reaction to burn the octane is higher than necessary. Octane is hence the reaction's limiting agent.

The limiting reactant, also known as the limiting reagent, is the reactant that is used up first during a chemical reaction, hence restricting the amount of product that can be produced during the course of the reaction.

A chemical reaction's limiting reagent is the one that will totally consume all of the reactants. The reaction can't continue once there is no more of a reactant. Hence, it prevents the reaction from intensifying and continuing further. If the other reactant hadn't been used up completely, the surplus reagent would have continued to react, and the reaction would also have continued.

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The decomposition of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid,\(C_{9} H_{8} O_{4}\)) can occur through the hydrolysis reaction, resulting in the formation of acetic acid (\(CH_{3} COOH\)) and salicylic acid (\(C_{7} H_{6}O_{3}\)).

The decomposition of aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, \(C_{9} H_{8} O_{4}\)) can occur through the hydrolysis reaction, resulting in the formation of acetic acid (\(CH_{3} COOH\)) and salicylic acid (\(C_{7} H_{6}O_{3}\)). To determine the moles of each product formed, we need to consider the balanced chemical equation for the reaction:

\(C_{9} H_{8} O_{4} = > C_{7} H_{6}O_{3} +CH_{3} COOH\)

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of aspirin, 1 mole of salicylic acid and 1 mole of acetic acid are produced.

Therefore, the moles of salicylic acid and acetic acid formed will be equal to the number of moles of aspirin that decomposes. If we know the amount of aspirin in moles, we can directly calculate the moles of each product based on stoichiometry.

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Answer:

See below ~

Explanation:

From The Ideal Gas Equation,

Therefore,

I think that when the temperature decreases, the pressure will decrease. When things are cooled, pressure decreases.

The grams of white petrolatum should be mixed with 250g of 5% and 750g of 15% zinc oxide ointment to prepare a 10% ointment is

x = 250 g

This is further explained below.

Generally, the ratio of  mixtures

250g of 0.05 : 5*250 = 1250

Also

750g of 0.15 : 15*750

= 11250

Total= 250g + 750 g

Total= 1250 + 11250

Total= 12500

Remembering that and

x=250g + 750 g

x= 12.5%

A combination of ointments containing 5% and 15% contains 12.5% sulfur per 1000 g.

12.5% : 10 parts of a mixture containing 12.5%

0.10

Hence

0.00 : 2.5 parts of white petrolatum

\(\frac{10}{2.5}=\frac{4}{1} \\\\=\frac{1000}{x} \Rightarrow x \\\\\ =\frac{1000}{4}=250\)

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Answer:

Partial pressure of H₂ = 499 mmHg

Partial pressure of Ar = 481 mmHg

Explanation:

We'll begin by calculating the number of mole of each gas. This can be obtained as follow:

For Hydrogen:

Molar mass of H₂ = 2 × 1 = 2 g/mol

Mass of H₂ = 0.291 g

Mole of H₂ =?

Mole = mass /molar mass

Mole of H₂ = 0.291/ 2

Mole of H₂ = 0.1455 mole

For Argon:

Molar mass of Ar = 40 g/mol

Mass of Ar = 5.62 g

Mole of Ar =?

Mole = mass /molar mass

Mole of Ar = 5.62 / 40

Mole of Ar = 0.1405 mole

Next, we shall determine the mole fraction of each gas. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole of H₂ = 0.1455 mole

Mole of Ar = 0.1405 mole

Total mole = 0.1455 + 0.1405

Total mole = 0.286 mole

Mole fraction of H₂ (nₕ₂) = mole of H₂ / total mole

Mole fraction of H₂ (nₕ₂) = 0.1455/0.286

Mole fraction of H₂ (nₕ₂) = 0.509

Mole fraction of Ar (nₐᵣ) = mole of Ar / total mole

Mole fraction of Ar (nₐᵣ) = 0.1405/0.286

Mole fraction of Ar (nₐᵣ) = 0.491

Finally, we shall determine the partial pressure of each gas. This can be obtained as follow:

For Hydrogen:

Mole fraction of H₂ (nₕ₂) = 0.509

Total pressure (Pₜ) = 980 mmHg

Partial pressure of H₂ (Pₕ₂) =?

Pₕ₂ = nₕ₂ × Pₜ

Pₕ₂ = 0.509 × 980

Partial pressure of H₂ (Pₕ₂) = 499 mmHg

For Argon:

Partial pressure of H₂ (Pₕ₂) = 499 mmHg

Total pressure (Pₜ) = 980 mmHg

Partial pressure of Ar (Pₐᵣ) =?

Pₜ = Pₕ₂ + Pₐᵣ

980 = 499 + Pₐᵣ

Collect like terms

980 – 499 = Pₐᵣ

481 = Pₐᵣ

Partial pressure of Ar (Pₐᵣ) = 481 mmHg

SUMMARY:

Partial pressure of H₂ (Pₕ₂) = 499 mmHg

Partial pressure of Ar (Pₐᵣ) = 481 mmHg

Answer: F. Electrons

Explanation: hope it helped    .u.

The equation C2H4(g) + H2(g) + C2H6(g) → Caco3(s) + Cao(s) + CO2(g) shows an increase in entropy due to the formation of a gas as a product. Option A

In this equation, the reactants on the left-hand side consist of gases (C2H4 and H2), while the products on the right-hand side include a solid (Caco3) and a gas (CO2).

When a reaction involves a change from gaseous to solid or liquid states, there is typically a decrease in entropy because the particles become more ordered and constrained in the solid or liquid phase.

Conversely, when a reaction involves the formation of gases, there is generally an increase in entropy because gases have higher degrees of molecular motion and greater freedom of movement compared to solids or liquids.

In the given equation, the reactants include three gaseous compounds (C2H4, H2, and C2H6), and one of the products is a gas (CO2). Therefore, the overall entropy of the system increases during this reaction.

The equation Fe(s) + S(s) → FeS(s) does not show an increase in entropy. Both the reactants (Fe and S) and the product (FeS) are solids. Since solids have lower entropy compared to gases or liquids, the entropy of the system does not increase in this reaction. Option A

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Answer:

66.7%

Explanation:

The reaction for the titration of the excess ferrous ion is:

We calculate the moles of Fe⁺² from the used moles of KMnO₄:

Then we substract those 0.30 mmol from the original amount used:

The reaction between ferrous ammonium sulfate and MnO₂ is:

So we convert those 3.5 mmol Fe⁺² that were used in this reaction to MnO₂ moles:

Then we convert MnO₂ to Mn₃O₄, using the reaction:

Finally we convert Mn₃O₄ moles to grams:

And calculate the percent

Nuclear modifications are alterations that take place inside an atom's nucleus. The amount of protons and neutrons in the nucleus may change, and this is the most fundamental degree of change that can take place in a material.

The atom is considered to have experienced a nuclear transition and is now a distinct atom when the number of protons or neutrons changes. This is thus because the element is determined by the number of protons, and the element changes if the number of protons varies.

If an atom of uranium contains 92 protons, for instance, it is uranium; nevertheless, if it has 91 protons, it is protactinium. This nuclear shift produces a distinct atom with different properties.

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Answer:Explanation:

The statement that best describes the people of the Mississippian Period is that they were farmers who used simple tools to grow their food in small gardens. They would also fish and gather food such as muscles, in order to create a large enough food supply in addition to produce from these gardens and farms.

Answer:

A.endoplamic reticulum

Explanation:

The endoplamic reticulum  is an important organelle in protein synthesis. The nucleus contains DNA, which is the template for transcription of mRNA. mRNA acts as a message, which leaves the nucleus to become translated into proteins.

The endoplasmic reticulum is important in the synthesis, folding, and modification of proteins.  

Answer:

D

Explanation:

The ratio of C6H12O6 (which will be referred to as "the carb") to oxygen is 1 to 6, so if we find an answer which has the same ratio, it should be chosen. A is 1:3
B is even worse with a ratio of the carb to oxygen of 1:2
C is the same as B, 1:2
D has a ratio of the carb to oxygen of 1:6, which is what we are looking for.

Answer: gas mask

Explanation: A gas mask provides optimal protection from vapor and fumes.

In the mass spectrum of BrCl, ⁸¹Br₃₇Cl has the highest peak and ⁷⁹Br₃₅Cl has the lowest peak.

It is common practice to measure the mass to charge ion ratio of ions using the mass spectrometry technique. After performing the calculations, we usually plot the data on a graph to produce a mass spectrum, which is a plot of intensity as a function of the mass to charge ratio.

The peaks can then be used for mass spectrometry. The mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) of one or more molecules present in a sample can be determined using the mass spectrometry technique.

The precise molecular weight of the sample's constituent parts can frequently be determined using these measures as well. Mass spectrometers are frequently used to quantify known substances, identify novel compounds by molecular weight determination, and assess the structure and chemical characteristics of molecules.

Ionization and fragmentation of sample molecules in the gas phase are the only processes used in MS. In forensic science, MS has emerged as the go-to method for making a firm determination of the identity of a range of evidence, including banned chemicals and fire debris.

Since the sample is differentiated using chromatography, the divided compounds join the mass spectrometer sequentially for ionisation, separation, and detection of the generated ions.

In these situations, the mass spectrometer is typically coupled with either a gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) system and is employed as the detector. Therefore, we can infer that mass Peaks play a significant role in mass spectroscopy.

The number of isotopes it has is shown by the peaks in the mass spectrum. Only after taking into account peaks can we determine which is tallest and lowest. Hence, we can see that in the mass spectrum of BrCl, ⁸¹Br₃₇Cl has the highest peak and ⁷⁹Br₃₅Cl has the lowest peak.  

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Answer:

Part A

Boyle's Law is given mathematically as

P ∝(1/V) or V ∝(1/P)

Options 4 and 5, if they are properly written.

Part B

At constant temperature, and according to the Boyle's law for an ideal gas,

A. What can cause a Volume increase is a corresponding decrease in pressure.

B. What can cause a Volume decrease is a corresponding increase in pressure.

C. The Volume is unchanged if the pressure of the gas is unchanged too.

Part C

The pressure when the gas occupies a volume of 5.0 L = 40 atm

Part D

The pressure when the gas occupies a volume of 4.5 L = 36 atm

Explanation:

Part A

Boyle's Law states that at constant temperature, the pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to the volume occupied by the gas.

So, mathematically, Boyle's Law is given as

P ∝(1/V) or V ∝(1/P)

Part B

Inverse relationship between two quantities means that the higher the value of one of the quantities go, the lower the value of the other quantity goes and vice versa.

So, at constant temperature, and according to the Boyle's law for an ideal gas.

A. What can cause a Volume increase is a corresponding decrease in pressure.

B. What can cause a Volume decrease is a corresponding increase in pressure.

C. The Volume is unchanged if the pressure of the gas is unchanged too.

Part C

A certain gas occupies a volume of 20 L when the applied pressure is 10 atm, find the pressure when the gas occupies a volume of 5.0 L.

According to Boyle's Law for an ideal gas,

P ∝(1/V)

P = (k/V)

where k is the constant of proportionality

PV = k

Therefore,

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ = k

P₁ = 10 atm

V₁ = 20 L

P₂ = ?

V₂ = 5.0 L

10 × 20 = P₂ × 5

P₂ = 40 atm

Part D

If a certain gas occupies a volume of 18 L when the applied pressure is 9.0 atm , find the pressure when the gas occupies a volume of 4.5 L

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ = k

P₁ = 9.0 atm

V₁ = 18 L

P₂ = ?

V₂ = 4.5 L

9 × 18 = P₂ × 4.5

P₂ = 36 atm

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