In research studies, dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced learned helplessness.
What is learned helplessness?
Learned helplessness is a type of behavior observed in animals in which a subject has undergone repeated situations with negative results, then tries to avoid future situations, even when such situations have positive outcomes. If a living being has experienced repeated shocks and has no control over whether or not it occurs, the subject may learn to stay away from situations where the shock may occur. The organism becomes trapped and may even become unable to control the circumstances.
As a result, it appears to be incapable of doing anything at all, even if there is an opportunity to do something useful.A psychology experiment on learned helplessness was conducted by Martin Seligman in the late 1960s. Dogs were randomly put into one of three groups for the experiment: a "no shock" group, a "yoked" group, and a "free" group.
After being exposed to inescapable shocks, the "yoked" group received shocks of the same duration and intensity as the first group, but with the ability to stop the shock by pressing a lever. The "free" group, on the other hand, could cease the shocks at any time by pressing the lever. Finally, all three groups were put into shuttle boxes with a low barrier between the two sides. This barrier might be jumped over by the dogs to escape the shocks.
The "free" group quickly figured out that leaping over the wall ceased the shocks, but the other two groups appeared to be much less proactive. The "yoked" group continued to receive shocks without attempting to avoid them, while the "no shock" group was also hesitant to jump over the barrier, even though they had not previously been exposed to shocks.The "yoked" group continued to receive shocks without attempting to avoid them, while the "no shock" group was also hesitant to jump over the barrier, even though they had not previously been exposed to shocks.
Hence, In research studies, dogs who were able to escape electric shocks experienced learned helplessness.
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A cloned mammal is made by removing the DNA from the unfertilized egg of an egg donor, replacing it with DNA from a cell of a mature animal, and then implanting that cell into the uterus of a surrogate mother. The cell then divides and behaves as if it were a regular embryo. Answer the following question(s) regarding a clone.Of whom is the baby a clone?
Answer:
The mature animal
Explanation:
The baby would be a clone of the mature animal whose DNA was placed in the unfertilized egg before being implanted into the uterus of a surrogate mother.
The DNA of the egg donor has been removed and replaced with the DNA of the mature animal. The surrogate mother is just a mere carrier and has no biological relationship with the clone. The only organism with biological relationship with the clone would be the one that donates its DNA, which in this case is the mature animal.
Fill in the concept map below:
A is the Bacteria Domain
B is the Eukarya Domain.
the kingdoms are Archaebacteria (ancient bacteria)
Eubacteria (true bacteria)
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
the melanocytes of the choroid in the eye produce what layer
Answer:
the uvea
Explanation:
Hope this helps!
Answer:
Melanocytes are found in the middle layer of the eye, known as the uvea, composed of the choroid, the iris and the ciliary body.
Drag the tiles to the correct boxes to complete the pairs. Identify the types of inheritance based on the expression of alleles in the organism. dominant recessive multiple presence of many alleles for the trait to be expressed  presence of two alleles for the trait to be expressed  presence of a single allele for the trait to be expressed 
Answer:
1-Dominent 2-Multiple 3-recescive
Explanation:
but pls try and work it out multiple times bc I got this but u might get differently
the causative agent of a disease modified in such a manner that it will no longer cause the disease but will still promote the production of antibodies is a(n)
The society has always been concerned about issues of health and disease. This led to ongoing efforts to raise living standards and preserve a healthy social environment.
As many theories about health, illnesses, and treatments proliferated, the practise of medicine was improved on a scientific basis. The introduction of biomedicine and the germ idea fundamentally altered how people viewed health and illness, and efforts in scientific research soon began to link each disease to a material cause. This provided a logical explanation for a particular category of disorders, but it also raised greater concerns about the origins of a number of other illnesses. There is general agreement that health and well-being include more than only the absence of disease, infirmity, defect, or death. This is true despite the introduction of more theories and notions. This calls for a comprehensive approach to medical care.
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What do homologous structures like arm bones show about the ancestry of two species like alligators and bats?
Analogous structures demonstrate that identical selective pressures might result in similar adaptations, whereas homologous structures indicate evidence for shared ancestry. biological molecules' distinctions and similarities.
What does the homology of two species' structures reveal?If two or more species have similar physical characteristics, it's possible that all of them inherited them from a common ancestor. Homologous structures are traits that are similar because they have a common ancestor. A structural homology is the comparable bone arrangement in the forelimbs of humans, birds, and whales.
What two animals have limbs that resemble human arms?With a large upper "arm" bone and a smaller lower "leg" bone, the flipper of a whale, the wing of a bat, and the leg of a cat are all strikingly similar to the human arm.
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I need help as soon as possible
Answer: 1:3
Explanation: I'm here for you buddy
Someone pls help me ill give out brainliest pls don’t answer if you don’t know
Answer:
4
Explanation:
because of the displacement
Which type of RNA is transcribed from DNA to carry a message?
A. rRNA
B. tRNA
C. mRNA
Answer:
C. mRNA
Explanation:
The mRNA type of RNA is transcribed from DNA to carry a message.
How Do Organisms Live Together?
Answer:
Explanation:
Another category of interactions between organisms has to do with close, usually long-term interaction between different types of organisms. These interactions are called symbiosis. The impacts of symbiosis can be positive, negative, or neutral for the individuals involved.
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changes in heritable traits in a population through multiple generations is called
Answer:
please give me brainlist and follow
Explanation:
Changes in heritable traits in a population through multiple generations is called. evolution. First to suggest that closely related species arose from a common ancestor. Buffon. Suggested that organisms that use one part of their body repeatedly would increase their abilities.
self-splicing group ii introns: please choose the correct answer from the following choices, and then select the submit answer button. answer choices exist in protein-coding genes and some mitochondria and chloroplast genes do not identify introns using snrna. do not use a spliceosome to splice exons. base pair internally to form structures similar to spliceosomal structures. all of the answers are correct.
All the conditions are true about self-splicing group ii introns. So, all of the answers are correct.
Base pair internally to form structures similar to spliceosomal structures. Group II introns are RNA molecules that fold into specific 3D structures and can catalyze their removal and ligation from RNA transcripts in a reaction known as self-splicing. A ribozyme is an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme. Group II introns are examples of ribozymes because they perform chemical reactions. Self-splicing is an intron removal mechanism that is not reliant on protein enzymes for splicing.
The group II intron's catalytic activity stems from its RNA structure, which has an elaborate 3D architecture. The reaction is aided by specific magnesium ions that bind to the RNA and modify its shape. The group II intron splicing mechanism is comparable to that of the spliceosome in pre-mRNA splicing in eukaryotic cells. Unlike the spliceosome, which is a protein-RNA complex, the group II intron splices itself. The intron RNA folds into an enormously complex structure with many domains and folds that are crucial for splicing.
The two exons are brought together by the folding of the intron RNA into a catalytically active structure that includes two conserved domains, D5 and D6, after the excision of the intron. It is possible that this folding mechanism is analogous to the folding mechanism used by spliceosomes to bring the 5’ and 3’ splice sites together during splicing.
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different between national park and conservation area
Answer:
A national park is a protected area of land that is designated and managed by the national government for the preservation of natural, historical, or cultural resources. National parks often have designated trails, visitor centers, and other facilities to help visitors enjoy and learn about the park.
A conservation area, on the other hand, is a protected area that is designated and managed by a local government or non-profit organization for the preservation of natural, historical or cultural resources. Conservation areas may have fewer facilities and services compared to national parks.
In summary, the main difference between national park and conservation area is that national parks are managed by the national government and conservation areas are managed by local government or non-profit organizations.
Answer:
National FORESTS
The Forest Reserve Act of 1891 gave the President authority to create forest reserves. The Yellowstone Timberland Reserve initially included the Shoshone National Forest, which has been set apart.
Forests were transferred from the Department of Interior to the Department of Agriculture in 1905. US Forest Service was founded.
NATURAL PARKS
Yellowstone National Park was created as the first national park in 1872.
The National Park Service was founded in 1916.
MANAGEMENT
National Parks - Department of Interior National Forests - Department of Agriculture
PURPOSE AND MISSION
National Forests - The USDA Forest Service's goal is to preserve the nation's forests and grasslands' health, variety, and productivity in order to satisfy the demands of both the present and the coming generations.
National Forest land is maintained "to offer the greatest amount of benefit for the largest number of people in the long term," according to Gifford Pinchot, the first Chief of the Forest Service.
National Parks - For the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of the current and following generations, the National Park Service protects the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System without deterioration.
AREA 193 million acres, according to the U.S. Forest Service 84 million acres (55 million in Alaska), 155 national forests, 20 national grasslands, and 1 national tallgrass prairie national park system 397 locations, including the White House, the White House National Memorial, 58 National Parks, monuments, battlefields, military parks, historical parks, historic sites, lakeshores, seashores, leisure areas, beautiful rivers, and pathways
Explanation:
2. Ferns are considered the most biological "successful" type of seedless plant. What evidence allows scientists to draw that conclusion?
Ferns have the longest life cycle.
Ferns have the longest leaves and stems.
Ferns have the greatest number of species.
Ferns have the greatest appeal to humans.
Ferns are considered the most biological "successful" type of seedless plant because ferns have the longest leaves and stems.
What are the characteristics of ferns?A fern is a member of a group of vascular plants that reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers.
Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores.
Ferns are not of major economic importance, but some are used for food, medicine, as biofertilizer, as ornamental plants, and for remediating contaminated soil.
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The transfer of genes between two species that does not involve inheritance is known as.
Answer:
Horizontal gene transfer
Explanation:
is the movement of genetic information between organisms, a process that includes the spread of antibiotic resistance genes among bacteria fueling pathogen evolution
Interactions between species that have NO effect on one participant are rare and
examples include-
A.commensalism
B.mutalism
C.predagion
D.competition
Be able to explain how different “links' ' can show a relation between two species. Explain what evidence shows different correlations and causations between the two species.
Links can show ecological relationships between two species such as parasitism, commensalism or predation.
What are ecological links between species?The ecological links or relationships between species can be defined as biological interactions between them.
Moreover, correlation in biology indicates a statistical association while causation indicates a modification in a variable that leads to a modification in another.
In conclusion, links can show ecological relationships between two species such as parasitism, commensalism or predation.
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Each of the bird's beaks was adapted to the type of ...
A. winds the island had
B. food that it ate
C. predators it had to hide from
Answer:
b
Explanation:
what are the main characteristics of foraminiferans, radiolarians, and ciliates?
Foraminiferans, radiolarians, and ciliates are all protists, which are single-celled eukaryotes. They are all found in aquatic environments, and they play an important role in the marine food chain.
Foraminiferans are amoeboid protists that have a hard outer shell. The shell is made of calcium carbonate, and it can be simple or complex in shape. Foraminiferans are filter feeders, and they use their pseudopods to capture food particles from the water.
Radiolarians are also amoeboid protists, but they have a skeleton made of silica. The skeleton can be spherical, needle-shaped, or branched. Radiolarians are also filter feeders, and they use their pseudopods to capture food particles from the water.
Ciliates are protists that have cilia, which are short, hair-like structures that help them to move and to capture food. Ciliates are the most complex of the three groups, and they can be found in a variety of shapes and sizes. Some ciliates are free-living, while others live in association with other organisms, such as algae or animals.
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particle A has very little mass in comparison to particle B/ both particles are in the same atom. which is the best conclusion about particles A and B.
Answer:
Explanation; Particle A has very little mass in comparison to Particle B. Both particles are in the same atom. Which is the best conclusion about Particles A and B? Particle A orbits the nucleus, and Particle B is located in the nucleus.
carbon atoms.in organic molecules bond to aroms of hydrogen and
Answer:
Carbon binds to oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen covalently to form the many molecules important for cellular function. Carbon has four electrons in its outermost shell and can form four bonds. Carbon and hydrogen can form hydrocarbon chains or rings
Atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been increasing from year to year. However, in locations in the
northern hemisphere, carbon dioxide levels may decrease slightly during the summer months. Which is
the MOST likely explanation for these slight summertime decreases?
(A) an increase in the rate of cellular respiration during the summer
(B) a decrease in the rate of cellular respiration during the summer
(C) an increase in the rate of photosynthesis during the summer
(D) an increase in the rate of nitrogen fixation during the summer
(E) an increase in the frequency of thunderstorms and hurricanes during the summer
Answer:
A
Explanation:
an increase in the rate of cellular respiration during the summer.
_____ occurs when the response serves to counteract the stimulus.
Negative Feedback occurs the the response serves to counteract the stimulus.
Answer:
Negative feedback is ur answer mate.
The osmolarity of plasma is maintained at about 300 mosm. what would the osmolarity inside a red blood cell need to be to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid and plasma?
To maintain osmotic equilibrium between the ICF and plasma, the osmolarity inside a red blood cell needs to be approximately 300 mosm, matching the osmolarity of the plasma.
The osmolarity of plasma is approximately 300 mosm. In order to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the intracellular fluid (ICF) and plasma, the osmolarity inside a red blood cell (RBC) needs to be the same as the osmolarity of plasma, which is 300 mosm.
To achieve this, the RBC must regulate the movement of solutes across its cell membrane. When the osmolarity outside the cell is higher than inside, water moves into the cell via osmosis, causing it to swell and potentially burst. Conversely, when the osmolarity outside the cell is lower, water moves out, causing the cell to shrink.
To maintain osmotic equilibrium, the RBC utilizes active transport mechanisms to pump solutes such as ions, glucose, and amino acids across its cell membrane. These mechanisms ensure that the osmolarity inside the cell matches that of the plasma, preventing excessive swelling or shrinkage.
In conclusion, to maintain osmotic equilibrium between the ICF and plasma, the osmolarity inside a red blood cell needs to be approximately 300 mosm, matching the osmolarity of the plasma.
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What are the phases of a scientific method?
Answer:
Ask a Question
Do Background Research
Construct a Hypothesis
Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
Communicate Your Results
Explanation:
Differential gene expression is the result of different cells containing different ______.
Differential gene expression is the result of different cells containing different sets of genes. This is a key factor in understanding how the body works.
Each cell in the body contains the same basic genetic code, but this code can be expressed differently in different cells.The expression of different genes in different cells is determined by their specific environment. Cells in different parts of the body are exposed to different signals from the environment, such as hormones and nutrients. These signals can cause certain genes to be expressed, while other genes remain dormant. This is why different cells in the body have different sets of genes expressed.
Differential gene expression is important for many reasons. One reason is that it helps to explain how different tissues in the body are specialized for different functions. For example, the cells in a muscle have different genes expressed than the cells in a liver. This allows the cells in the muscle to respond to signals from the environment differently than the cells in the liver.
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Which change would best aid a farmer in making the transition from conventional farming techniques to more sustainable farming techniques?
Answer:
The correct answer is - Rotate the types of crops grown.
Explanation:
Crop rotation is the practice of growing the different types of crops sequentially on the same field to improve nutrients in the soil for better soil health and helps in fighting pest and weed pressure.
Different crops required different nutrients and therefore, rotating crops helps to not exploiting the same nutrients again and again. Rotating crops also helps in removing weeds and pests as different weeds and different pests associate with different crops.
How did Carl Linneaus’s original classification system differ from today?
A. He only had two kingdoms, animals and plants.
B. He did not consider how organisms may be related to one another.
C. He was a botanist, so he only classified plants.
D. He did not classify all the way down to the species level.
A. He only had two kingdoms, animals and plants.
How has the Linnaean classification system changed since it was developed?The addition of a new taxon known as the domain was a significant change to the Linnaean system. A domain is a larger and more inclusive taxon than the kingdom. Most biologists agree that life on Earth is divided into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota.One reason for the need for revisions is that many new organisms have been discovered since Linnaeus' time. Another reason is that scientists began classifying organisms based on evolutionary relationships rather than solely on physical trait similarities.
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Mistakes in making copies of a cell’s chromosomes can occur as the cell is dividing. Such mistakes can affect a single gene, or a portion of a chromosome. Which term describes this process?
Circle the letter of the correct answer. A. allele
B. heredity
C. mutation
D. generation
An obstruction in the glomerulus would affect the flow of blood into the: