In Cladistics, a ______ is any aspect of the phenotype, including morphology, physiology, behavior and DNA.
Answers
In cladistics, a character is any aspect of the phenotype, including morphology, physiology, behavior, and DNA.
Characters are used to infer evolutionary relationships among taxa by analyzing their distribution among different groups. Characters can be either morphological (e.g., presence or absence of wings) or molecular (e.g., DNA sequence data).
Characters that are shared among different taxa are called homologous, and they are assumed to have been inherited from a common ancestor, whereas characters that have evolved independently in different lineages are called convergent or analogous.
The analysis of characters is a fundamental tool in phylogenetics, which is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among different groups of organisms.
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In Cladistics, a character is any aspect of the phenotype, including morphology, physiology, behavior and DNA.
Characters are used to build a cladogram, which is a diagram that shows the evolutionary relationships between species based on shared derived characteristics. The choice of characters to include in a cladistic analysis is important, as it can affect the resulting tree. Therefore, careful consideration of the characters loaded into the analysis is necessary to accurately reflect the evolutionary history of the organisms being studied.
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Related Questions
Prepare a list of different Harvest Festivals in India
Answers
Answer:
1.Karam (Karma) Harvest Festival in India
2.Kashmir Rice Harvest Festival
3.Onam Festival
4.Nuakhai
5.Baisakhi
Explanation:
Global dimming is most apparent over urban regions or in the mid-latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere where
a. the use of air conditioners and refrigerators is the greatest
b. the Arctic and Greenland glaciers are melting at a very fast rate
c. the human population is greatest
d. prevailing winds circle the earth
e. jet air traffic is more common
Answers
Answer: c
Explanation: i took the test
In the food chain, a(n) ________ is another term for a consumer.
A. producer
B. bryophyte
C. photosynthetic plant
D. autotroph
E. heterotroph
Answers
In the food chain, a heterotroph is another term for a consumer. Heterotrophs are organisms that obtain their energy and nutrients by consuming other organisms.
They cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis like autotrophs (producers), but rely on consuming other living organisms or organic matter. Heterotrophs occupy various levels in the food chain and can be categorized into different types based on their feeding habits. For example, herbivores are heterotrophs that primarily consume plants, while carnivores feed on other animals. Omnivores are heterotrophs that have a diet consisting of both plant and animal matter. As consumers, heterotrophs play a crucial role in the transfer of energy and nutrients within an ecosystem. They obtain energy from the organic compounds present in their food sources and use it to carry out their metabolic processes. Through consumption, heterotrophs obtain the necessary nutrients and energy to support their growth, reproduction, and survival. In summary, heterotrophs are an integral part of the food chain and represent organisms that rely on consuming other living organisms or organic matter for their energy and nutrient requirements.
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1. The frequency of a wave is measured in meters per second true or false
2. The amplitude of a wave can be measured from the undisturbed position to either the crest or trough of a wave
True or false
3. Refraction of light and reflection of light are the same thing
true or false
4. A convex mirror will converge light rays to a focal point true or false
5. Light is considered a transverse wave true or false
6. Visible light is part of the electromagnetic spectrum
true or false
7. A rarefaction occurs in both transverse and longitudinal waves
True or false
8. A concave lens causes light to diverge as it leaves the medium
True or false
9. Transverse and longitudinal waves are differentiated by the direction the particles move in relation to the propagation of the wave
True or false
10 . The angle of reflection always equals the angle of incidence on a flat mirrored surface
True or false
Answers
Answer: True
Explanation: because it is.
Which adaptation would be most useful to an insect that lives in the grass?
long legs
green coloration
waterproof shell
strong wings
Answers
Answer:
Green Coloration
Explanation:
The adaptation that would be most useful to an insect that lives in the grass is green coloration. This would be a useful adaptation for them because now they could camouflage easily because the grass is green, and if they are also green and hiding in grass, nobody can spot them easily, which is a perfect way for them to hide from predators that may want to eat them.Organisms use camouflage to mask their location, identity, and movement. This allows prey to avoid predators, and for predators to sneak up on prey. ... The physical characteristics of the organism are important. Animals with fur rely on different camouflage tactics than those with feathers or scales, for instance.
Answer:
green coloration
Explanation:
i took the quizz<33
b. Which of these populations probably experienced more births than deaths over the first
five years? (1 point)
Think about how growth rates relate to birthrates and death rates.
Answers
The population in Area A experienced more births than deaths over the first years as shown by the higher growth rate of the population.
Which population experienced more births than deaths?The birth rate is the number of live births per 1,000 individuals in a population during a given year.
A high birth rate indicates a higher population growth rate.
The death rate is the number of deaths per 1,000 individuals in a population during a given year. A high death rate indicates a higher mortality rate in a population.
Considering the given populations, the population in Area A has a higher growth rate.
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Complete question:
The graph represents changes in two jackrabbit populations in two different areas over 15 years.
a. Which of these populations experienced the faster growth rate over the first five years? Explain your answer.
12. what are the three sets of connections of the posterior parietal lobe with other areas of the brain and what are their functions?
Answers
The three sets of interconnections between both the posterior parietal lobes and other parts of the brain are Area 5, Area 7a, Areas 7b, 39, and Area 40 (dorsal stream).
Area 5: Primary sensory regions' input (1, 2, 3)
-Output to the premotor area (SMA), the premotor regions, and the primary motor cortical (4 PMC) (6 & 8)
-Function: Guidance of movement by providing details on the position and motion of the limbs.
Area 5: Superior Information Flow: Analyze Information from Position and Use That to Direct Further Movement
•Area 7a - Input from the motor & premotor cortex, sensory information areas (1, 2, and 3), secondary sensory area (5), and visual areas in brain
-Output to the premotor area (SMA), the premotor regions, and the premotor cortex (4 PMC) (6 & 8)
-Function: More detailed movement guidance by providing details about the position and movement of the limbs.
Compared to region 5, input is substantially more diversified. Dorsal visual stream: visual information
Reaching and grabbing direction is controlled by the posterior parietal cortex.
•Areas 7b, 39, 40 (frontal stream) (dorsal stream)
-Input from the cingulate, oculomotor, vestibular, auditory, skin-sensational, and proprioceptive areas. "parieto-temporal-occipital crossroads" -Output: a variety of outcomes, including significant connections to the prefrontal cortex
Intermodal integration; spatially directed actions based on tactile and visual cues.
posterior parietal cortex inferior
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The food cycle starts with basic chemicals in the soil and ends with:
A. decomposers producing new ingredients for plant growth
B. bacteria
C. plants which start the food chain again
D. animals
Answers
Answer:
A. decomposers transfer nutrients back to the soil
The food cycle starts with basic chemicals in the soil and ends with decomposers producing new ingredients for plant growth. So, your answer would be C.
Why is writing on word better than writing on a sheet of paper?
Answers
Answer:
because on paper your hand wrighting is bigger and you go through more sheets and on word it has auto correct and auto save and suggestions
Explanation:
can i have brainlyest
Answer:
Writing in Word is more convenient
Explanation:
Word has a host of text, correction software it suggests proper grammer and spelling and can format your doucument.
A student builds a model of the heart and brain, shown in the diagram. Two trucks, 1 and 2, travel between the organs. The student will label the trucks with what they are carrying. Which set of labels BEST completes the model? Responses A Truck 1 carries red blood cells and Truck 2 carries white blood cells.Truck 1 carries red blood cells and Truck 2 carries white blood cells. B Truck 1 carries carbon dioxide and Truck 2 carries oxygen.Truck 1 carries carbon dioxide and Truck 2 carries oxygen. C Truck 1 carries white blood cells and Truck 2 carries red blood cells.Truck 1 carries white blood cells and Truck 2 carries red blood cells. D Truck 1 carries oxygen and Truck 2 carries carbon dioxide.
Answers
According to statement, Truck 2 transports oxygen, while Truck 1 transports carbon dioxide.
What are the uses of oxygen?Respiration, the energy-generating process that fuels all metabolic rates in the majority of living things, is significantly oxygen dependent. All living creatures, including people, are reliant on air to survive.
What are 5 common uses of oxygen?Throughout order of importance, the following are the main uses of oxygen: 1) the melting, refining, and production of steel; 2) the production of chemicals through governed combustion; 3) booster propulsion; 4) the provision of medical as well as biological life support; and 5) the extraction, production, and manufacturing of stone as well as glass products.
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Why is it difficult to male level 4 organs in a lab?
Answers
Answer:
By providing an example using one organ for each of the four levels of complexity, we have the following:First level organ: Skin; this is because it takes up a few cells. Second level organ: Windpipes; this is because they have more complex shapes with multiple cells. Third level organ: Stomach; this is because the stomach has to act on demand instead of a flow. Fourth level organ; Heart. The reason it is difficult to make level four organs in a lab is that it has a complicated architecture with several cells, blood vessels and tiny capillaries included. So far, scientists are yet to fully develop solutions for the level four organs and hence, difficult to create in a lab.
Explanation:
Which types of molecules can cross the blood brain barrier most easily? Small non-polar molecules, like 02 Large polar molecules, like glucose Large non-polar molecules, like testosterone and other steroid hormones Small polar molecules, like H2O
Answers
Small non-polar molecules, like oxygen, can cross the blood brain barrier most easily. This is because the blood brain barrier is composed of tightly packed endothelial cells that prevent the passage of larger or polar molecules, including glucose and water. However, small non-polar molecules can diffuse through the lipid bilayer of the endothelial cells and enter the brain.
Large polar molecules, like glucose, require specific transporters to cross the blood brain barrier, while large non-polar molecules, like testosterone and other steroid hormones, can also cross but at a slower rate than small non-polar molecules. Small polar molecules, like water, can also cross the blood brain barrier but to a limited extent due to the tight junctions between the endothelial cells.
The types of molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier most easily are small non-polar molecules, like O2, and small polar molecules, like H2O. These molecules can pass through due to their size and properties, making it easier for them to cross the barrier.
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Onepage review on why understanding gas and vapors in a work setting is important and what we can do in our workplace to prevent accidents with gases and vapors.
Answers
Understanding gas and vapours in a work setting is incredibly important for workplace safety. Gas and vapours can contain noxious substances that, if exposed to, can lead to serious injury or health implications.
In order to prevent such accidents, employers must perform risk assessments in order to assess and identify any areas of risk and put in place control measures to limit them. If gas and vapours are used onsite, then suitable ventilation and extraction systems should be in place.
Employers should also ensure that their staff are aware of the potential risks associated with such substances and provide adequate training and instruction in how to work safely. Finally, employers should also check that any necessary personal protective equipment is provided and communications are in place to be able to notify relevant emergancy responders in case of an accident.
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which plot of the marker (linear or logarithmic) data is better? what does this tell you about the migration of the dna fragments through the agarose gel?
Answers
The choice of using a linear or logarithmic plot for the marker data in gel electrophoresis depends on the purpose of the experiment and the range of fragment sizes being analyzed.
A logarithmic plot is typically used when analyzing a wide range of fragment sizes, as it allows for easier visualization of smaller fragments that would otherwise be compressed on a linear scale. On the other hand, a linear plot is more appropriate for a narrow range of fragment sizes, where the resolution of smaller fragments is not a concern. In terms of the migration of DNA fragments through the agarose gel, the choice of plot does not have a direct impact. However, the distance migrated by the DNA fragments on the gel can be used to estimate their size based on a comparison to the marker lane. This information can then be used to identify and analyze specific DNA fragments of interest.
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what are some global recommendations to help the environment
need help asap!!
Answers
Answer:
Recycling!
Explanation:
A basic answer, but a globally, recycling is one of the most well known ways to help the environment. It conserves energy, reduces air and water pollution, reduces greenhouse gases, and conserves natural resources. Stanford recycled, composted, and otherwise source reduced 62% of its waste and reduced landfill by 35%. Recycling paper alone cuts down 75% of air pollution!
Am I healthy? Do you think so
Answers
Maybe, haha. i dunno. why do you need to know?
☁️ Answer ☁️
U ARE SHININGGGGGG
But you shouldn't be posting ur pic on Brainly
change over time is defined as
Answers
Outline principles that define the biological level of analysis.
1. Bidirectional relationship between the environment, cognition, and psychology.
2. Patterns of behavior are products of psychology, such as the brain anatomy, the nervous system, hormones, etc
3. Patterns of behavior can be innate and be genetically based
4. animal research may inform our understanding because are brains are similar
Answers
Principles that define the biological level of analysis in psychology:
Interaction between environment, cognition, and biology: This principle emphasizes the bidirectional relationship between the environment and the biological processes underlying cognition and psychology.
It recognizes that our biology can influence our perception, thinking, and behavior, while also acknowledging that the environment can shape our biology.
Biological basis of behavior: The biological level of analysis recognizes that patterns of behavior are influenced by various biological factors, including brain anatomy, the nervous system, hormones, neurotransmitters, and genetics.
These factors play a crucial role in shaping human cognition and behavior.
Innate and genetic influences:This principle highlights that certain patterns of behavior can be innate and genetically based. It acknowledges that genetics can predispose individuals to specific behaviors or psychological traits.
Additionally, it recognizes that innate biological factors, such as reflexes and instincts, can influence behavior.
Animal research as a model: The biological level of analysis recognizes the importance of animal research in understanding human behavior. Animals share similar brain structures and biological processes with humans, making them valuable models for studying the biological basis of behavior.
Animal studies allow researchers to manipulate and observe biological variables in ways that may not be possible or ethical in human studies, thereby informing our understanding of human biology and behavior.
It is important to note that these principles are not exhaustive and may be complemented by other principles and approaches within the biological level of analysis.
Additionally, ethical considerations and the limitations of animal research should always be taken into account when applying these principles.
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What type of food was discovered to make up the majority of the diet of human foragers (and, by extension, likely our ancient ancestors)
Answers
Plant foods such as nuts, fruits and roots was discovered to make up the majority of the diet of human foragers. Hominine ancestors depended on foraging.
Hominine ancestors (i.e., before the evolution of H. sapiens), depended on foraging for millions of years.
Foraging refers to the search for wild food resources, which are provided by nature by gathering different sources (e.g., plants, small animals, birds, insects, etc).
Nuts, fruits and roots represent excellent sources of food because they contain both macronutrients (lipids, proteins and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (i.e., minerals and vitamins).
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Which accurately describes solar weather? Choose the two correct answers.
A. The intensity of solar weather is constant and unchanging.
B. Solar flares and sunspots increase as solar minimum approaches.
C. Solar flares and sunspots increase as solar maximum approaches.
D. The intensity of solar weather changes frequently.
Answers
Answer:
C & D
Explanation:
C - The Sun has an 11 year solar cycle. When the solar cycle is at a minimum, active regions of the sun are rare and not many solar flares are detected. They dramatically increase as the Sun approaches the maximum part of its cycle.
D - It's the Sun. It's moody. Solar flares are pretty sporadic, they're sudden and often unpredictable.
explain the steps that occur when precipitation is forming :)
Answers
Answer:
Precipitation forms in the clouds when water vapor condenses into bigger and bigger droplets of water. When the drops are heavy enough, they fall to the Earth. If a cloud is colder, like it would be at higher altitudes, the water droplets may freeze to form ice.
brainliest plz
Explanation:
Suggest why the temptation of baby food must be controlled by enzymes added .?
Answers
The temptation of baby meals needs to be controlled through enzymes introduced because enzymes manually modify the metabolism of a mobile, they have a tendency to be carefully controlled.
Enzymes play foremost roles in baby meal production, ranging from improving the flavor, solubility, and digestibility of vitamins in infant foods. Enzymes have additionally been used to produce a few useful elements that are added to infant foods.
That is distinctly crucial in keeping homeostasis, permitting cells to respond in controlled methods to changes in each internal and outside condition. Inhibition of particular enzymes with the aid of drugs also can be medically beneficial.
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what is the effect of increased parasympathetic activity and decreased sympathetic activity on both heart rate and blood pressure?
Answers
Blood pressure, breathing, heart rate, and sweating all drop as digestion increases.
The hormone acetylcholine is released by the parasympathetic nervous (PNS) to slow the heart rate. Your heart rate may briefly increase due to stress, coffee, and excitement, but it may momentarily decrease due to meditation or deep, steady breathing. Patients with hypertension exhibit decreased parasympathetic activity in contrast to sympathetic stimulation activity, indicating an imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems [39,40,41]. In diabetic individuals with impaired parasympathetic regulation, blood pressure, hypertension is more common. Construction of pupils is the result of parasympathetic nervous system stimulation. reduced blood pressure and heart rate. The sympathetic branch is stimulated, which facilitates function and raises heart rate.
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Digestive juices are incredibly strong, how does the stomach protect itself from also being digested?
Protective mucus
Extra layers of skin
It doesn't
Bile produced by the gallbladder
Answers
Answer:
Protective mucus
Explanation:
The mucus covers the stomach wall with a protective coating. Together with the bicarbonate, this ensures that the stomach wall itself is not damaged by the hydrochloric acid
do free amino acid monomers include peptide bonds?
Answers
Answerye
yes
Explanation:
Amino acid is to protein as
Answers
Describe one way that organisms have
evolved over time.
Answers
Answer:
Single celled to multi cellular.
Explanation:
In the early years of planet earth, organisms were single cellular. Through evolution and luck, the single celled organisms evolved into multi cellular organisms. For example, from a single celled Amoeba to a multicellular jellyfish. Hope this helped
The nucleus of each human cell contains ________, which are threadlike structures made up of deoxyribonucleic acid (dna).
Answers
Answer:
Chromosomes
Explanation:
what is a difference between on-center ganglion cells and off-center ganglion cells?
Answers
Answer:
The major functional subdivision of ganglion cells in the mammalian retina is into ON- and OFF-center ganglion cells. ON-center cells are depolarized by illumination of their receptive field center (RFC), while OFF-center cells are depolarized by decreased illumination of their RFC.
Explanation:
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On-center and off-center ganglion cells are two types of retinal ganglion cells found in the vertebrate eye. These cells play a crucial role in visual processing by transmitting information from the retina to the brain. The on-center and off-center ganglion cells differ in their response to light and the location of their receptive fields.
On-center ganglion cells are most active when a light stimulus is presented in the center of their receptive field, while off-center ganglion cells are most active when a light stimulus is presented in the periphery of their receptive field. In other words, the receptive field of an on-center ganglion cell is excited by light in the center and inhibited by light in the surround, whereas the receptive field of an off-center ganglion cell is excited by light in the surround and inhibited by light in the center.
This means that when light is presented in the center of an on-center ganglion cell's receptive field, the cell is activated and sends a signal to the brain. Conversely, when light is presented in the periphery of an off-center ganglion cell's receptive field, the cell is activated and sends a signal to the brain.
The difference between on-center and off-center ganglion cells is thought to be important in visual processing, particularly in edge detection. When a sharp boundary between light and dark is present in the visual field, it activates both types of ganglion cells. The on-center cells are excited by the light in the center of the boundary, and the off-center cells are excited by the dark in the periphery of the boundary. The brain can then use this information to determine the location and orientation of the boundary, which is important for object recognition and spatial awareness.
In summary, the main difference between on-center and off-center ganglion cells is their response to light and the location of their receptive fields. On-center ganglion cells are excited by light in the center of their receptive field, while off-center ganglion cells are excited by light in the periphery of their receptive field. This difference is important in visual processing and is involved in edge detection and spatial awareness.
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Which explanation describes why males are more likely to exhibit sex-linked disorders than females?
Answers
A male with a mutation in a gene on the X chromosome is typically affected with the condition. Because females have two copies of the X chromosome and males have only one X chromosome, X-linked recessive diseases are more common among males than females.