In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic modifications turns off genes that are normally expressed. Hypothetically, how could you reverse this process to turn these genes back on?.
Answers
In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic modifications turns off genes that are normally expressed. The reversal of this process to turn these genes back on can be done using the following methods:1. HDAC inhibitors
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are enzymes that help to maintain chromatin structure by removing acetyl groups from histone tails, which leads to chromatin condensation and transcriptional repression.
HDAC inhibitors can reverse this process by blocking the activity of HDACs, allowing acetyl groups to remain on histone tails, resulting in chromatin relaxation and gene expression.
2. DNMT inhibitors: DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are enzymes that add methyl groups to cytosine residues in DNA, leading to gene silencing.
DNMT inhibitors can reverse this process by blocking the activity of DNMTs, which leads to DNA hypomethylation and increased gene expression.
3. Targeted gene therapy: Specific genes can be targeted using RNA interference (RNAi), which involves the use of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to selectively silence gene expression.
Alternatively, gene editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to directly edit the DNA sequence of a gene to restore its function.
4. Epigenetic modulators: Various compounds that can modulate epigenetic marks such as DNA methylation and histone acetylation are being developed. These compounds could be used to reverse the epigenetic changes that occur in cancer cells and restore normal gene expression.
These methods have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies and could lead to new treatments for cancer in the future.
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Related Questions
the most common mineral group contains what minerals
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
The most mineral group contains potassium but it can also contain calcium and magnesium
Summarize this cycle in your own words
(2-3 sentences minimum).
Answers
Answer:
Where is the cycle???
Tell me please!!?
First, describe why an animal is considered a system. Then, explain why an animal is not considered a technological system. ▲
Answers
Suppose there is a population with a trait controlled by a simple dominant/recessive mendelian trait with two alleles b and b in hardy-weinberg equilibrium. if the frequency of b in the population is 0.7, and there are 80 individuals in the population, approximately how many bb individuals do you predict there to be?
Answers
Since there are 80 individuals in the population, we can multiply the frequency of bb individuals (0.3) by the total population size (80) to get the approximate number of bb individuals.
0.3 * 80 = 24
To find the approximate number of bb individuals in the population, we can use the Hardy-Weinberg equation. In a population with two alleles, the frequency of the dominant allele (p) plus the frequency of the recessive allele (q) equals
Given that the frequency of allele b is 0.7, we can calculate the frequency of allele B as 1 - 0.7 = 0.3.
According to the Hardy-Weinberg equation,
\(p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1, where p^2\)
Represents the frequency of individuals with the dominant trait (BB), 2pq represents the frequency of individuals who are heterozygous (Bb), and q^2 represents the frequency of individuals with the recessive trait (bb).
Since we know that q (the frequency of allele b) is 0.3, we can substitute the values into the equation.
0.7^2 + 2(0.7)(0.3) + q^2 = 1
0.49 + 0.42 + q^2 = 1
0.91 + q^2 = 1
q^2 = 1 - 0.91
q^2 = 0.09
To find the frequency of bb individuals, we take the square root of 0.09, which is approximately 0.3.
Therefore, we predict that there will be approximately 24 bb individuals in the population.
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cheese
pepper powder
lettuce
ham
salt
tomato
can you guys tell me if all of this ingredients is colloid,suspension or solution?
Answers
Cheese is a colloid.
Pepper powder is a suspension.
Lettuce, ham, salt and tomato are not considered to be a colloid, suspension or solution as they are classified as solid food items.
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1. A ________ is a push or a pull. A. acceleration
B. force C. motion D. velocity
2.The force resulting from the pull of Earth on an object ject A. mass
B. gravity
C. weight
D. acceleration
3. The force that one surface exerts on another when the two rub against each other is called
A. gravity
B. Inertia
C. friction
D. acceleration.
4. When you slide a box across the floor what force must your push be stronger than?
A. support force B. friction force C. gravity
D. air resistance
5. The moon has a smaller mass than the Earth. If you were able to travel to the moon your weight would...
A. increase
B. decrease
C. stay the same
D. vary with day and night
asap
thank u
Answers
Answer:
1. B
2.B
3. C
4. B
5. C
Explanation:
Which statement is an example of how structure relates to function?
An allele for purple flowers is dominant and an allele for white flowers is recessive
Mitochondria have a highly folded membrane which increases the amount of ATP that can be made.
DNA transcribes into RNA, and RNA translates into proteins.
Heredity is the passing of genetic information from parent to offspring.
Answers
Answer:
Mitochondria have a highly folded membrane which increases the amount of ATP that can be made.
Increases in the hormone insulin lead to decreasing orexin levels. decreasing orexin levels. increasing estrogen levels. increasing estrogen levels. increasing homeostasis levels. increasing homeostasis levels. decreasing blood glucose levels. decreasing blood glucose levels. increasing PYY levels.
Answers
Increases in the hormone insulin lead to decreasing orexin levels. Insulin plays a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells.
When insulin levels increase, it promotes the uptake and storage of glucose, leading to a decrease in blood glucose levels. As a result, orexin levels, which are involved in regulating wakefulness and appetite, tend to decrease in response to lower blood glucose levels. Increasing estrogen levels can occur during the menstrual cycle and play various roles in the female reproductive system. Estrogen has been found to influence appetite and energy balance. Higher estrogen levels have been associated with increased satiety and decreased appetite, potentially affecting food intake and body weight. Increasing homeostasis levels is not a specific term or concept in this context.
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the sequence of brain regions from the evolutionarily oldest to newest is
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Brainstem, limbic system, and cerebral cortex are the order of the brain's regions in chronological order of age.
From oldest to newest, what are the brain areas?Three levels, the oldest of which is the brain stem, and has evolved over time. Middle: Cerebellum. Most recent: Cortex.The oldest and most interior portion of the brain is the brain stem. As seen in Figure 4.7, "The Brain Stem and the Thalamus," it is intended to regulate the most fundamental bodily activities, such as breathing, focus, and movement.Automatic survival mechanisms are the responsibility of the brainstem, the oldest portion of the brain.Brainstem, limbic system, and cerebral cortex are the order of the brain's regions in chronological order of age.To learn more about brain's regions refer to:
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What effect do glaciers have on plant life?
Glaciers bring quantities of minerals that choke plant life as the water runs off melting ice.
Glaciers has no effect on plant life other than helping distribute necessary water.
Glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice.
Glacial flooding is destructive to plant life as silt builds in rivers.
Answers
Answer:
CORRECT ANSWER IS Glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice.
Explanation:
The effects that, glaciers have on plant life is glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice. The correct option is c.
What are glaciers?A glacier is a sizable, enduring mass of crystalline ice, snow, rock, silt, and frequently liquid water that forms on land and slides down a slope due to gravity and its own weight. There is melting ice due to global warming.
When glaciers continued to move across Minnesota's landscape thousands of years ago, these lakes were created. When glaciers carved up holes in the earth, ice chunks dropped into them and eventually melted, creating lakes.
Therefore, the correct option is c. Glaciers bring quantities of minerals beneficial to plants as the water runs off melting ice.
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wht is photosynthesis
Answers
Answer:
a process used by plants to convert sunlight to energy
What takes place when you inhale?
Answers
Explanation:
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs expand into it. The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale
Answer:
When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity, and your lungs expand into it. The muscles between your ribs also help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you inhale
Explanation:
a population age structure diagram depicting an equal number of individuals in each age group suggests that the population is
Answers
A population age structure diagram depicting an equal number of individuals in each age group suggests that the population is stable or in equilibrium.
The age structure diagram, also known as a population pyramid, represents the distribution of different age groups within a population. It is a graphical representation that displays the number or percentage of individuals in each age group.
When the population age structure diagram shows an equal number of individuals in each age group, it indicates that the population is stable or in equilibrium. This means that the birth rate is balanced by the death rate, resulting in a relatively constant population size over time.
In such a population, the number of individuals in each age group remains relatively consistent, indicating that there is no significant increase or decrease in the population size.
This type of age structure diagram is often observed in developed countries with low birth and death rates, where the population is generally stable.
However, it is important to note that a stable age structure diagram does not necessarily imply an optimal or desirable population structure.
Other factors such as fertility rates, immigration, and emigration patterns also play a significant role in determining the overall dynamics and sustainability of a population.
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Which organism is a producer?
Oak tree
Mushroom
Mountain lion
Butterfly
Answers
Answer:
Oak trees is correct!
The beaker below represents
A. A hypertonic solution because water move out of the cell
B. A hypotonic solution because water will move out of the cell
C. A hypertonic because water will move into the cell
D. A hypotonic solution because water will move into the cell
Answers
Answer:
the answer is probably D
Directions: Consider a pedigree that is tracking an autosomal recessive trait, where two recessive alleles (tt) result
in the inability to taste a chemical known as PTC. The ability to taste PTC is determined by the presence of a
dominant allele (T). Complete the missing boxes in the chart. The first row has been done for you as an example!
Note: The ability to taste PTC may be more complex than a simple gene trait.
Individual Phenotype
Shaded?
PTC taster
Shape (in Pedigree)
Square
2.
No
1.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Male with genotype TT
Male with genotype Tt
Male with genotype tt
Female with genotype TT
Female with genotype Tt
Female with genotype tt
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Answers
How is the sun so bright ?
Answers
members of which bacterial phylum share a unique morphology?
a. oxygenic photosynthesis
b. Spirochaetes
c. At the base of cyanobacteria
Answers
The answer is (b) Spirochaetes. Members of which bacterial phylum share a unique morphology is Spirochaetes.
Microscopic organisms are a different gathering of microorganisms that can be tracked down anyplace on The planet. They are characterized into various phyla in view of their remarkable attributes, like their morphology, digestion, and living space.
One of these phyla, Spirochaetes, is known for its particular twisting shape, which separates it from different microorganisms. Spirochaetes are known to cause a few illnesses, including syphilis and Lyme sickness, which can be communicated to people through contact with contaminated creatures or ticks.
Another phylum, cyanobacteria, is remarkable in light of the fact that it is fit for oxygenic photosynthesis, and that implies that it produces oxygen as a result of photosynthesis. This cycle is significant for supporting life on The planet, as it delivers most of the oxygen in our environment. Cyanobacteria are likewise known for shaping huge, complex designs called stromatolites, which are probably the earliest known proof of life on The planet.
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What do reptiles in the ocean have to be able to do, just like any other reptile, bird, or mammal?
Answers
Like any other reptile, bird, or mammal, reptiles in the ocean have to be able to regulate their body temperature, maintain a stable internal environment, and reproduce.
However, since they live in the ocean, they also have to be adapted to saltwater environments and have specialized organs for extracting oxygen from water. Additionally, many marine reptiles have streamlined bodies and are able to hold their breath for extended periods of time while swimming underwater.
Reptiles in the ocean, just like any other reptile, bird, or mammal, need to be able to maintain body temperature, reproduce, and find food for survival.
Step 1: Maintain body temperature - Reptiles are ectothermic, meaning they rely on external sources to regulate their body temperature. Ocean reptiles need to find warm areas or bask in the sun to maintain optimal body temperature.
Step 2: Reproduce - Reptiles, birds, and mammals all need to reproduce to ensure the survival of their species. Ocean reptiles may lay eggs on land or give birth to live young, depending on the species.
Step 3: Find food - Reptiles, birds, and mammals all need to find food to survive. Ocean reptiles may hunt for fish, crustaceans, or other marine animals, depending on their specific diet requirements.
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why do you think the femur is such a large and massive bone?
Answers
During many activities, such as running, jumping, walking, and standing, the femurs support the entire body's weight.
Extreme forces act on the femur as a result of the strength of the hip and thigh muscles, which act on the femur to move the leg. It is your body's longest and strongest bone. It is an essential component of your ability to stand and move.
Your femur also provides support for numerous muscles, tendons, ligaments, and parts of your circulatory system. Because it is so strong, breaking your femur usually requires a severe trauma, such as a fall or a car accident.
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Is Standing on a diving board a Kinetic energy or potential energy
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Potential Energy. This diver is standing at the end of the diving board, ready to dive. After he/she dives and is falling toward the water, they'll have kinetic energy, or the energy of moving matter. But even as they stand motionless high above the water, he/she has energy
When coding for mRNA, what are the complimentary bases?
Answers
Answer:
DNA is essentially a storage molecule. It contains all of the instructions a cell needs to sustain itself. These instructions are found within genes, which are sections of DNA made up of specific sequences of nucleotides. In order to be implemented, the instructions contained within genes must be expressed, or copied into a form that can be used by cells to produce the proteins needed to support life.
loss of which hdac reduces the life span of organisms
Answers
The loss of certain HDACs can lead to a reduced life span due to the disruption of various cellular processes. Further studies are required to fully understand the mechanism by which HDACs regulate life span in different organisms.
HDACs or Histone deacetylases are enzymes that regulate gene expression and play a crucial role in various cellular processes, including cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Studies have shown that HDAC inhibition can extend the life span of organisms, including yeast, worms, and fruit flies. However, the loss of certain HDACs can also lead to reduced life span in some organisms.
For instance, in mice, the loss of HDAC3 in specific tissues, such as the liver and skeletal muscle, resulted in a reduction in their life span. This reduction in life span was attributed to the increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in these tissues due to the loss of HDAC3. Similarly, in Caenorhabditis elegans, the loss of HDAC6 resulted in increased protein aggregation and reduced life span.
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Which conclusion do the data support?
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
A number of chemical treatments cause microtubules to fall apart. Colchicine is one such drug. What would happen if a dividing cell was treated with colchicine?.
Answers
A number of chemical treatments cause microtubules to fall apart. Colchicine is one such drug. If a dividing cell was treated with colchicine, chromosomes would not separate.
Microtubules can be defined as structures that are actively present in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells.
The microtubules are a major part of the cell division process as they are involved in the formation of the mitotic spindle. This mitotic spindle ensures that the sister chromosomes are separated at the time of cell division. As a result of this segregation, there is an equal division of chromosomes among the daughter cells.
Hence, if a dividing cell was treated with colchicine, then the microtubules will fall apart. As a result of this, the mitotic spindle will not form and chromosomes will not separate.
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Name two important parts of the celestial sphere
Answers
Explanation:
Earth's equator, axis, and orbit.
hope it will help u ✌️
Cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of
a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law?
Answers
Answer:
Cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory because it can be proven, it has been tested for a long period of time and therefore there are many evidences that support the theory but not enough to become a law. Well scientific laws are statements based on repeated experiments or observation, but also, a law is something that always applies under the same conditions. Evolution occurs in the characteristics of living things within a species overtime. . A theory is much more complex: it explains why something happens. A law only describes what happens.
The cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory but i do not think it should be a scientific law.
Explanation:
Answer me:
1. Identify the correct statement about the magma.
A. Typical magma temperatures exceed 10,000 degrees Celsius.
B. Magma always comes from the lower mantle.
C. Magma never contains dissolved gases.
D . Magma forms after magma melts
2. Very explosive volcanoes tend to have___________
A. Gases rich in sulfur dioxide
B. Low viscosity magma
C. gentle, sloping sides
D. High viscosity
3. Which of these statements is correct?
A. When a rock melts different minerals melt at the same temperature
B. If water is present, rocks will melt at a higher temperature.
C. Under high-pressure rocks melt at a lower temperature
D . Magma that crystallizes Form igneous rock.
4. It is the magma that is usually found at subduction zones.
A. Andesitic Magma
B. Basaltic Magma
C. Rhyolitic Magma
D. A & B
5. Which types of magma contain the least amount of SiO2?
A. basaltic
B. Candesitic
C. felsic
D. rhyolitic
6. What is molten rock that has formed deep within the Earth?
A. Hot Spot
B. Lava
C. Magma
D. Volcano
7. As the temperature of lava increases, it/s ________
A. begins to harden
B. viscosity decreases
C viscosity increases
D. sit can flow a much short distance
8. What makes magma different from lava?
A. color
B. composition
C .location
D . temperature
9. The composition of magma determines its _____.
A. color
B. darkness
C. viscosity
D. none of the above
10.Which one of these does NOT affect the temperature at which magma forms?
A. water
B. pressure
C.viscosity
D. Composition of material
_____________________
B. True Or False
1.. Lava with high silica content is less viscous to travel far and tends to break up as it flows.
2. Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content.
3.Lava with less silica content has a high viscosity that can travel a great distance, forming a thin sheet.
4. Lava with a low amount of gas as it rises has a low viscosity that it piles up at a vent resulting in a dome.
5.. Silica is a compound of silicon (SiO2)
6. The characteristic of magma that mainly determines its explosiveness is silica content.
7.A thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the roofs of buildings because ash consists of tiny fragments of rocks that become heavy as they pile up.
8. Lava with a low amount of gas and high silica content is very viscous and does not flow out at all
9. Lava with high temperature has high viscosity.
10. The viscosity of magma increases with temperature.
Answers
Answer:
Typical magma temperatures exceed 10,000 degrees Celsius. Magma never contains dissolved gases. Magma forms when rocks melt. Magma always comes from the lower mantle.
What is a organism that occupies multiple tropic levels
Answers
Answer: HUMAN is a organism that occupies multiple tropic levels.
Explanation: Human being is an omnivore, i.e. its feed on both plants and animals.
HERBIVORE => when human feed on plant (Second tropic level)
CARNIVORE => when human feed on animal like (meat, hen), he becomes a carnivore thus occupying higher tropic level in the food chain
Peritoneal dialysis uses which type of cell transport?
Answers
Answer:
Peritoneal dialysis involves diffusion and osmosis through the highly vascularized peritoneal membrane.