In an experiment investigating mechanism of proteins secretion researchers trapped the movement of radioactively labeled polypeptides in pancreatic cells. At various times after labeling samples of the souls were observed using an electron microscope to determine the location of the radioactively labeled polypeptides. Figure one summarizes the results at five minutes, 15 minutes, and 30 minutes. The dark thoughts in the figures represent the radioactively labeled polypeptides

Answers

Answer 1

Radioactively labeled polypeptides can be used to study the intracellular transport and processing of proinsulin during insulin biosynthesis in pancreatic cells.

Radioactively labeled amino acids can be incorporated into proinsulin molecules during translation, which allows researchers to track the movement of the proinsulin through the secretory pathway of the cell. The labeled polypeptides can be visualized using autoradiography, which allows researchers to determine the time and location of proinsulin synthesis, as well as  cellular compartments through which it passes during its transport and processing.  For example, researchers can use radioactive cysteine and methionine to label the disulfide bonds and the C-peptide region of proinsulin, respectively, and then use autoradiography to study the formation and cleavage of these bonds during processing.

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--The complete Question is, How can the movement of radioactively labeled polypeptides in pancreatic cells be used to study the intracellular transport and processing of proinsulin, the precursor to insulin, during the biosynthesis of insulin? --


Related Questions

Which is not an example of matter and energy cycling through living things?
A. Grass giving off oxygen
B. Grass growing
C. A rock resting on the ground
a
D. Cows eating grass

Answers

Answer:

c the rock resting on the ground

Explanation:

grass gives energy through oxygen and to cows through consumption and uses energy to grow

Which two plant hormones increase cell division?

Answers

Answer:

Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic acid, and ethylene are the best known plant hormones. All are in some way involved in regulating plant growth and development. Some promote growth by stimulating cell enlargement or division while others inhibit growth by inducing dormancy or promoting senescence.

Explanation:

The plant hormone auxin controls cell elongation and the plant hormone cytokinins promotes cell division, controlling many developmental processes in plants.

From the wastewater treatment systems discussed, make a table/matrix comparing the characteristics of each of the system in terms of, but not limited to:
1. Aerobic/ Anaerobic / Hybrid
2. Efficiency (BOD Reduction 3. Wastewater characteristics / industry the system is most efficient 2
4. Advantages 5. Disadvantage
6. Othe

Answers

From the wastewater treatment systems discussed, a table comparing the characteristics of each of the system in terms of, but not limited to:1. Aerobic/ Anaerobic / Hybrid2. Efficiency (BOD Reduction)3. Wastewater characteristics / industry the system is most efficient 24. Advantages5. Disadvantage

Others Wastewater Treatment System Aerobic/ Anaerobic / Hybrid Efficiency (BOD Reduction)Wastewater characteristics / industry the system is most efficient Advantages Disadvantage Others Conventional activated sludge systemAerobic75% to 95%BOD, SS, and ammonia Industrial and municipal wastewater. Simple design, less maintenance, and high efficiency. Sensitive to operational changes, sludge bulking, and high land requirement.

Most widely used system. SBR (Sequencing Batch Reactor) Aerobic75% to 95%BOD, SS, and ammonia Municipal and industrial wastewater. High flexibility, compact, and low maintenance. Sensitive to operational changes, sludge bulking, and high land requirement. A single vessel carries out the treatment in sequential batches MBR (Membrane Bio-Reactor) Aerobic 90% to 95%BOD, SS, and nitrogen Highly variable requirements on influent wastewater.

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¿Los huesos podrían estar hechos de otro material?
(Por favor una respuesta bien explicada)

Answers

Answer:

me imagino que no porque nuestos guesos son duros si tomamo calcio o cosas sanas. por ejemplo si nuestros guesos fueran de hierro y les pondriamo calcio o medicinas sanas, no pasaria nada

Answer:

por ejemplo si nuestros guesos fueran de hierro y les pondriamo calcio o medicinas sanas, no pasaria nada

Before assessing the venous system for insufficiency/reflux, which of the following should be performed?
a. evaluation of the deep venous system for obstruction or thrombosis
b. evaluation of the arterial system for atherosclerotic development
c. mapping of the superficial venous system
d. auscultation for bruits in the lower extremities

Answers

Before assessing the venous system for insufficiency/reflux, an evaluation of the deep venous system for obstruction or thrombosis should be performed. What is venous reflux? Venous reflux is an irregular blood circulation condition that develops when the one-way valves in the veins are not working effectively, and blood that should be moving toward the heart is being rerouted in the other direction. When these valves malfunction, they are unable to keep blood moving efficiently toward the heart, causing blood to pool and the veins to swell. This condition is also known as venous insufficiency. This condition can cause venous stasis, or a pooling of blood in the legs and other parts of the body, as well as varicose veins.

What is the assessment of the venous system for insufficiency/reflux? An evaluation of the deep venous system for obstruction or thrombosis should be performed before assessing the venous system for insufficiency/reflux. This is important because in some cases, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be misdiagnosed as venous insufficiency. To avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment, it is critical to ensure that the deep venous system is evaluated for thrombosis or obstruction before assessing the venous system for insufficiency/reflux. In summary, before assessing the venous system for insufficiency/reflux, the evaluation of the deep venous system for obstruction or thrombosis should be performed.

Hence, the correct answer is (a)

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As the DNA is unwound to allow replication, torsion builds up which would prevent further movement of the replication fork. What general class of enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state

Answers

Topoisomerase enzyme allows DNA to assume a more relaxed state.

DNA topoisomerases (or topoisomerases) are enzymes that catalyze changes in the topological state of DNA, interconverting relaxed and supercoiled forms, linked (catenated) and unlinked species, and knotted and unknotted DNA. This enzyme prevents the DNA double helix in front of the replication fork from winding up too tightly as the DNA unwinds

DNA topoisomerases unravel the twists in DNA that occur as a result of DNA transcription and replication. DNA topoisomerases I and II present in cells cleaves the DNA backbone on one or two strands, and it releases the torsional stress and then displacement of the broken DNA backbone.

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Plant Cell. Help Help Help!

Plant Cell. Help Help Help!

Answers

Answer:

I think its the third one.

Explanation:

The mitochondria produces energy and respiration takes place there,so it cant be that.

I hope this helps in any way.

The answer will be c .

Which of the following are most likely to be listed as common climatic effects in inner-urban areas?


cold spots

frost pockets

heat islands

temperature zones

Answers

Answer:

temperature zones i guess

Explanation:

cause we all know how much climate will change the much thicker ozone layer will be and comparing to last summer this summer is tempting hot so i guess its tempersture zones

Answer:

heat islands

Explanation:

i did it and got it right!!

Which one of these metabolic activities does not occur in members of the kingdom Archaebacteria?
DNA replication
Gamete production
Protein synthesis
Photosynthesis

Answers

Answer: The answer is gamete production.

Explanation: Gamete production happens in another kingdom while the other 3 all happen at different points in the kingdom Archaebacteria.  

Assignment: 02.03 Oceans Impact on Weather

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Can you add a picture or question so we can answer your problem/question?

A cross between two mice with long tails and brown fur produced the four types of offspring as listed.
• Long-tailed with brown fur
• Long-tailed with white fur
• Short-tailed with brown fur
• Short-tailed with white fur
Which genetic mechanism best explains the results of this cross?
A independent assortment
B. Crossing-over
C. gene linkage
D. dependent assortment

Answers

Answer:

B

Explanation:

The genetic mechanism that best explains the results of this cross is independent assortment. The correct option is A.

What is independent assortment?

According to Mendel's law of independent assortment, alleles from two (or more) different genes are sorted into gametes independently of one another.

In other words, the allele received by a gamete for one gene has no effect on the allele received for another gene.

Independent assortment occurs when alleles from at least two genes are assorted into gametes independently.

As a result, the allele inherited by one gamete has no effect on the allele inherited by the other gametes. Mendel observed that the transmission of various genes appeared to be separate events.

Independent assortment is the genetic mechanism that best explains the results of this cross.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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What is the difference between classically bred varieties and landraces?
Landraces cannot be harvested using domesticated animals; classically bred crops can be harvested using domesticated animals.
Landraces have no means of seed dispersal; classically bred crops can readily disperse their seeds
Landraces are grown in dry conditions; classically bred crops are wetland species
Landraces are often (though not always) developed by unintentional processes; classically bred crops are developed by intentionally breeding for desired traits using modern techniques
Landraces are not edible by humans; classical bred crops can be eaten

Answers

Answer:

Explanation: The interest of farmers in growing lettuce landraces is increasing, as landrace varieties prove particularly appealing to consumers striving to purchase natural, local, and high-quality produce. Although high genetic diversity exists in the landrace gene pool, this has scarcely been studied, thus hindering landrace utilization in agriculture. In this study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and the agronomic and quality traits of lettuce landraces in organic agrosystems, by characterizing 16 landraces and 16 modern varieties. We compared 29 morphological descriptors, and several traits relating to agronomic behavior (total and commercial weight, resistance to Bremia lactucae) and quality (color, chlorophyll, dry matter, and total sugars). Trials were conducted in two localities and managed following organic farming practices. Moreover, farmers and consumers participated in the phenotyping of accessions by scoring yield, resistance to B. lactucae, appearance, and taste acceptance. Results show that cultivar group, rather than the genetic origin (modern vs. landrace), is the major source of variation for all agronomic and quality traits. Batavia and Butterhead were highly homogeneous cultivar groups, while Cos accessions showed a much higher intra-varietal diversity. There was also a clear separation between modern and landrace varieties of Oak leaf. Fifteen out of the 16 evaluated landraces presented a high susceptibility to the particular B. lactucae race isolated from the experimental field - a new race not reported before. Breeding programs intended to introgress genetic resistance to this pathogen are a major priority to recover the cultivation of lettuce landraces. Principal component analysis (PCA), conducted on all quantitative data, showed a clear differentiation between modern varieties and landraces, mostly related to their commercial weight and susceptibility to B. lactucae. These seem the most important traits influencing farmer and consumer evaluations. Farmers showed a high capacity for characterizing the samples and agreed with consumers when scoring for the external appearance. It is proposed that farmers and consumers should be included in the phenotyping platforms in future research projects aiming for recovery of landraces.

in addition to inherited genetic mutations, what are other risk factors for colon and rectal cancer?

Answers

In addition to inherited genetic mutations, several other risk factors contribute to the development of colon and rectal cancer. These factors include:

1. Age

2. Personal or family history

3. Lifestyle factors

4. Diabetes

5. Certain inherited syndromes

6. Race and ethnicity

7. Previous radiation therapy

8. Environmental factors

1. Age: The risk of colon and rectal cancer increases with age, with the majority of cases occurring in individuals over 50 years old.

2. Personal or family history: Individuals with a personal history of colorectal polyps, inflammatory bowel disease (such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), or a family history of colorectal cancer are at a higher risk.

3. Lifestyle factors: Unhealthy lifestyle choices can increase the risk of colon and rectal cancer. These include a diet high in red and processed meats, low intake of fruits and vegetables, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

4. Diabetes: People with type 2 diabetes have an increased risk of developing colon and rectal cancer, possibly due to factors such as insulin resistance and chronic inflammation.

5. Certain inherited syndromes: In addition to inherited genetic mutations, certain inherited syndromes, such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and Lynch syndrome (hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer), significantly increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

6. Race and ethnicity: Individuals of African-American descent have a higher incidence and mortality rate of colon cancer compared to other racial and ethnic groups.

7. Previous radiation therapy: Prior radiation treatment in the abdominal or pelvic area for previous cancers may increase the risk of developing colorectal cancer later in life.

8. Environmental factors: Exposure to certain environmental factors, such as certain chemicals, heavy metals, and radiation, may contribute to the development of colon and rectal cancer.

It's important to note that having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean an individual will develop colon or rectal cancer. Regular screenings, adopting a healthy lifestyle, and following appropriate medical recommendations can help reduce the risk and detect these cancers at an early stage when treatment is most effective.

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From where do we get nitric oxide​

Answers

Answer:

Nitric oxide is found in supplements but if you want it naturally it comes in red meat,poultry,fish, and dairy such as milk cheese and etc. I hope this answers your question.

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the _______ segments of the spinal cord.
A. T1-T4
B. T2-T6
C. T5-T9
D. T7-T9
E. T10-T12

Answers

The superior mesenteric ganglion receives preganglionic sympathetic neurons from the T5-T9 segments of the spinal cord. The superior mesenteric ganglion (SMG) is a nervous system ganglion that is situated in the abdomen. It is positioned near the superior mesenteric artery in the retroperitoneal space.

The superior mesenteric ganglion provides the majority of the sympathetic innervation to the jejunum and ileum, along with the cecum, ascending colon, and transverse colon. The main functions of the sympathetic nervous system are to control the body's automatic responses to stressful stimuli, such as danger, threats, or emergency situations.

Furthermore, it is involved in the fight-or-flight response, which is a body's reaction to perceived danger. Hence, it helps the body to respond quickly and effectively to such circumstances.

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3. 10 ppm ammonia is the standard for drinking water for humans. Can brine shrimp survive in our drinking water at this limit of ammonia? explain.

Answers

Brine shrimp cannot survive in our drinking water at this limit of ammonia.

The effect of osmosis on living organisms

Osmosis is defined as the movement of water molecules through a semi permeable membrane from the region of lower solute concentration to the region of higher solute concentration.

Brine shrimp are important aquatic species that serve.as food for other higher aquatic animals. They survive in high salty environments.

When brine shrimps are placed in solution that are less concentrated such as drinking water with 10 ppm ammonia, water would move into its cell membrane.

This may lead to the death of the brine shrimp as it's cells becomes turgid.

Therefore, Brine shrimp cannot survive in our drinking water at this limit of ammonia.

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plzzzzzz i need help it’s due soon!

what do both the liver and the pancreas do for the body besides for aid in the digestive process

Answers

Answer:

The liver digests food by producing bile to break down fats, removing toxins and breaking down and storing some vitamins and minerals.

Why is energy transformed from one form to others?

Answers

Answer:

Energy transformation is when energy changes from one form to another – like in a hydroelectric dam that transforms the kinetic energy of water into electrical energy. While energy can be transferred or transformed, the total amount of energy does not change – this is called energy conservation.

Identify 3 actions from humans that have released greenhouse gases into the atmosphere

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Humans are increasingly influencing the climate and the earth's temperature by burning fossil fuels, cutting down rainforests and farming livestock. This adds enormous amounts of greenhouse gases to those naturally occurring in the atmosphere, increasing the greenhouse effect and global warming

human and other animal waste can result in water and air pollution. (a) eutrophication of waterways is a potential environmental problem that can result from concentrated animal feeding operations (cafos ). i. describe how eutrophication negatively affects waterways.

Answers

Eutrophication is a process that occurs when a body of water becomes overly enriched with nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, leading to an excessive growth of algae and other aquatic plants. This can have a number of negative impacts on waterways, including:

Decreased water quality: Algae can use up large amounts of oxygen in the water, leading to a decrease in the amount of oxygen available for other aquatic organisms. This can result in the death of fish, invertebrates, and other organisms that rely on oxygen for survival. In addition, the decomposition of dead algae can release harmful chemicals into the water, such as hydrogen sulfide, which can be toxic to aquatic life.

Reduced aesthetic value: Eutrophication can also lead to a reduction in the aesthetic value of waterways, as they may become discolored or cloudy due to the presence of algae. This can make the water look unappealing and make it difficult to use for recreational activities such as swimming or boating.

Impacts on drinking water: In some cases, eutrophication can lead to the contamination of drinking water sources, either through direct contact with polluted water or through the presence of harmful chemicals released during the decomposition of algae.

Impacts on fisheries: The excessive growth of algae can also impact fisheries by altering the habitat and food sources of fish. For example, if algae use up all the available oxygen in the water, it can create "dead zones" where fish cannot survive. In addition, the excessive growth of algae can alter the food chain by reducing the availability of other food sources for fish.

Overall, eutrophication can have a range of negative impacts on waterways, including decreased water quality, reduced aesthetic value, impacts on drinking water, and impacts on fisheries.  

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Given the sequence of 3'-TACCTGCGGGATATT-5' on the template/antisense DNA strand, what will be the sequence of transcribed RNA? 5'-AUGGACGCCCUAUAA-3' 5'-UUAUAGGGCGACCAU-3' 5'-TTATAGGGCGACCAT-3' 5'-ATGGACGCCCTATAA-3'

Answers

Given the sequence of 3'-TACCTGCGGGATATT-5' on the template/antisense DNA strand, the sequence of transcribed RNA is 5'-AUGGACGCCCUAUAA-3'. The correct answer is A.

The sequence of transcribed RNA from DNA is determined by the process of transcription. The following are the steps involved in transcription:

Initiation: The DNA molecule unwinds to expose the antisense strand. RNA polymerase, an enzyme, binds to a specific nucleotide sequence (promoter) to begin transcription.

Elongation: RNA polymerase moves along the DNA template strand, synthesizing a complementary RNA strand by matching RNA nucleotides with the DNA nucleotides. The RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the RNA molecule. The DNA molecule rewinds after the RNA polymerase has moved through the DNA template.

Termination: The RNA polymerase stops synthesizing RNA and detaches from the DNA template. The completed RNA transcript detaches from the DNA template, and the DNA double helix is re-formed.

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You have just received a grade on your first major examination in biology, and it is not as high as you had


hoped. You wanted an "A" and you earned a "C." You talk to your professor and do a lot of thinking about


what might have gone wrong. Perhaps your mistake was reviewing your notes only before the exam rather


than every night. Or perhaps you made some other mistakes.

Answers

Receiving a grade below your expectations can be disheartening and demoralizing. It's crucial, though, to take this as a learning opportunity rather than a setback. The first thing to do after receiving a lower grade is to evaluate the possible reasons for the grade.

One of the reasons might have been because of the lack of studying and preparation, or perhaps a misunderstanding of the topics or key concepts. As a student, it's important to assess the situation and determine the best approach to improve in the future.

In this particular scenario, studying habits might be a potential cause for the lower grade. One of the mistakes was possibly reviewing notes only before the exam rather than every night. This error could have affected the ability to remember and understand the course material.

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An example of selective breeding would be

a
breeding a rabbit with another rabbit to increase the population
b
an orange house cat breeding with a feral cat in the wild
c
using wild horse DNA to create a transgenic race winning horse
d
breeding a cow with a bull who produces large muscular baby bulls

Answers

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Selective breeding is when you a breeding 2 organisms in order to make a specific trait be passed down to the offspring.  Since you the offspring in this scenario have larger muscles, this is selective breding because you are "choosing" a trait.  A and B don't mention specific traits, and  C is wrong because you can't garuntee that the offspring will win a race.  D is the most logical choice

Arterioles have no significant parasympathetic innervation, with the exception of the abundant parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the arterioles of the genitalia.

a. true
b. false

Answers

True.

Except for the substantial parasympathetic vasodilator supply to the vaginal arterioles, arteries do not have much parasympathetic innervation.

What are the arterioles and their innervations?

A microcirculation blood vessel with a small diameter known as an arteriole extends and branches from an artery to lead to capillaries.

The main site of vascular resistance is found in arterioles, which have muscular walls with typically only one to two layers of smooth muscle cells. The transition from arterioles to capillaries is where blood pressure and blood flow velocity vary the most.

Arterioles are innervated by the autonomic nervous system and respond to different circulating hormones to control their diameter. A functioning sympathetic innervation does not exist in retinal vessels.

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Bushy Viper or Narwhal

Bushy Viper or Narwhal
Bushy Viper or Narwhal

Answers

Answer:

Narwhal is cool.

Explanation:

Not big fan of snakes. But the sound Viper would sound cool in a car model.

which factor contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering

Answers

Answer: The factor which contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering is water.

Explanation:

What is chemical weathering?

Chemical weathering is the erosion or disintegration of rocks, of soil materials, by chemical reactions.

The major factor contributing to chemical weathering is water and minerals  dissolved in it while mechanical weathering such as abrasion, freezing etc, is also caused by water.

Thus, we can conclude that, the factor which contributes to both chemical and mechanical weathering is water.

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Analyze the diagram below. Which term best describes the diagram?

A. ionic bond
B. covalent bond
C. Positive ion

Analyze the diagram below. Which term best describes the diagram?A. ionic bond B. covalent bondC. Positive

Answers

Answer:

Covalent Bond

Explanation:

If you look for Cl on the periodic table, you'll see that it's a non-metal. Since there are 2 Cl, you have a covalent bond (two non-metals that share electrons).

Ionic bond because na giving away 1 electron to Cl

Another saying is that a chain is only as strong
as its weakest link." Similarly, a biologist might
say that “a cell is only as strong as its weakest
organelle." Explain what this means in terms of a
cell maintaining homeostasis.

Answers

Answer:866882

Explanation:

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why cellular respiration is occurring when organisms are utilized to remove pollutants from an area

Answers

Cellular respiration occurs when organisms are utilized to remove pollutants from an area because the process of cellular respiration is how organisms convert energy stored in food molecules into usable energy in the form of ATP.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of cells. This process is necessary for life because it allows organisms to obtain the energy, they need to carry out essential life processes such as growth, reproduction, and movement. The removal of pollutants from an area requires energy, and organisms use energy in the form of ATP to carry out this process.

During cellular respiration, glucose and other food molecules are broken down to produce ATP. The energy produced during cellular respiration is used to power metabolic processes such as the removal of pollutants. Cellular respiration occurs in all living organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals.

The process is a vital part of the global carbon cycle because it releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. This carbon dioxide can then be used by plants during photosynthesis to produce food molecules.

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1. In eukaryotes, the net ATP produced from glycolysis to aerobic respiration is 36 while in prokaryotes is 38. Explain why. (5 pts.)
2. Explain chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation. (5 pts.)
3. Place a picture of an electron transport chain and mark the following using the appropriate letter: (4 pts)
a. the acidic side of the membrane
b. the side with a positive electrical charge
c. potential energy
d. kinetic energy
4. Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen in an organism that uses respiration? Fermentation? (5 pts.).

Answers

eukaryotes produce 36 net ATP while prokaryotes produce 38 net ATP due to differences in the transport of electrons. In eukaryotes,

energy from NADH and FADH2 produced from glycolysis, the transition reaction and Krebs cycle is transported to the electron transport chain through shuttle systems resulting in a loss of two ATPs. In prokaryotes, energy from NADH and FADH2 is transferred directly to the electron transport chain, which produces an additional 2 ATP.2. Chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP generation is the process of making ATP using the energy of the proton gradient formed by the electron transport chain.

In this mechanism, electrons pass through the electron transport chain releasing energy that pumps protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space. As protons accumulate in the intermembrane space, a gradient is formed. ATP synthase uses this gradient to generate ATP by allowing protons to move from the intermembrane space into the matrix, driving the rotation of ATP synthase. This rotation converts ADP and Pi to ATP.3. I am sorry, as it is not possible to place an image on the text box.4. NADH must be reoxidized to maintain the redox balance of the cell. In respiration, NADH is reoxidized by donating electrons to the electron transport chain, which generates ATP.

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