if you were to look at a solution of k3po4 (aq) and see all the molecules and ions, what specific molecules and ions would you see? of those, which would make up most of the solution? which would make up the least amount of the solution?
Answers
If you were to look at a solution of K₃PO₄ (aq), you would see the following molecules and ions: Potassium ions (K+), Phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) and Water molecules (H₂O).
Among these species, the phosphate ions (PO₄³⁻) would make up the least amount of the solution, as they are negatively charged and are counterbalanced by the positively charged potassium ions (K⁺). On the other hand, the water molecules (H₂O) would make up the majority of the solution, as they are not charged and are neutral.
Tripotassium phosphate, also known as tribasic potassium phosphate is a water-soluble salt having chemical formula K₃PO₄.(H₂O)x. Tripotassium phosphate is produced by the neutralization of the phosphoric acid.
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Related Questions
What is more reactive Scandium or Cobalt ?
Answers
Answer:
Cobalt? LOL
Explanation:
the residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by ________.
Answers
The residence time of an ion in the oceans may be determined by several factors. An ion's residence time in the ocean depends on its concentration, and different ions will have different residence times.
The ocean's thermohaline circulation plays an important role in the residence time of ions. Wind and currents also play a role in the movement of ions. Residence time refers to the amount of time that a substance spends in a particular area or environment.
An ion's residence time can be determined by several factors, including ocean currents, winds, and concentration. The concentration of the ion is determined by the ion's rate of input and output, which is affected by several factors. For example, ocean water is constantly being exchanged with the atmosphere, which affects the concentration of ions in the water.
An ion's residence time is also affected by the ocean's thermohaline circulation. This is a process that involves the movement of water due to differences in temperature and salinity. As water circulates through the ocean, it carries ions along with it. This process affects the residence time of ions in the ocean.
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how difference in energy between reactants and products?
Answers
Difference in energy between reactants and products is that products have more energy than the reactants.
In general , when we talk about substance(s) that is present to the left of the arrow in a chemical equation is termed as reactants. reactant is generally present at the start of a chemical reaction and the substance(s) present at the right of the arrow are called products. Hence, product is a substance that is present at the end of a chemical reaction.
So, a Chemical reactions that forms when the chemical bonds present between the atoms are formed or broken. Other substances that undergoes chemical reaction are termed as reactants, and the substances produced at the end is known as the products.
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In this excerpt from mark twains the adventures of tom sawyer which sentence contains the best examples of descriptive language
Answers
"His cap was a dainty thing, his clοse-buttοned blue clοth rοundabοut was new and natty, and sο were his pantalοοns". This is the sentence that cοntains the best example οf descriptive language.
What is descriptive language?Descriptive language refers tο the use οf wοrds and phrases that vividly pοrtray sensοry details, characteristics, οr qualities οf a persοn, οbject, event, οr scene.
Frοm the excerpt, we discοver that the abοve sentence uses adjectives tο describe the dressing οf the bοy. The language used in the sentence cοnveys details abοut hοw the bοy is dressed.
It describes his cap, shirt and pantalοοns by using adjectives like: dainty, blue, new, natty.
Descriptive language adds purpοse and emοtiοn.
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What is the Molarity of volumetric flask 1
What is the Molarity of volumetric flask 2
Answers
The Molarity of volumetric flask 1 : 1.26 M
The Molarity of volumetric flask 2 : 0.06 M
Further explanationDilution is a process of decreasing the concentration of a solution by adding a number of solvents
Can be formulated
M₁V₁=M₂V₂
M₁ = Initial Molarity
V₁ = Initial volume
M₂ = Final Molarity (after dilution)
V₂ = Final volume (after dilution)
Volume of volumetric flask = 500 ml
flask 1\(\tt M_1.V_1=M_2V_2\\\\9\times 0.07=M_2.0.5\rightarrow M_2=1.26\)
flask 2\(\tt M_1.V_1=M_2V_2\\\\1.26\times 0.023=M_2\times 0.5\rightarrow M_2=0.06\)
explain why the h-n-h angle in ammonia is smaller than the h-n-h angle in the ammonium ion.
Answers
The H-N-H angle in ammonia is smaller than the H-N-H angle in the ammonium ion due to the repulsion between the electrons in the NH4+ molecule and the tetrahedral geometry of the ammonium ion.
Ammonia (NH3) and ammonium ion (NH4+) have different geometries due to the presence of an additional hydrogen ion (H+) in the ammonium ion. The H-N-H angle in ammonia is approximately 107 degrees, while the H-N-H angle in the ammonium ion is approximately 109.5 degrees. This difference in the H-N-H angles can be explained by the following reasons:
1. Electron repulsion: In the ammonium ion, there is an extra hydrogen ion that carries a positive charge. This positive charge attracts the electrons in the NH4+ molecule, resulting in a smaller bond angle. As a result, the electron pairs are pushed closer together, which causes the H-N-H angle to increase slightly.
2. Tetrahedral geometry: The ammonium ion has a tetrahedral geometry, with four equivalent bonds and bond angles of approximately 109.5 degrees. This geometry is more stable and has lower energy than the trigonal pyramidal geometry of ammonia. The tetrahedral geometry of the ammonium ion is due to the sp3 hybridization of the nitrogen atom, which results in four hybrid orbitals that are oriented towards the four hydrogen atoms.
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All Galapagos birds have various beak shapes. The finches with broader beaks fared better during droughts than those with smaller beaks. This is so that more little seeds might be produced during periods of rain and that finches with smaller beaks would fare better.
Answers
The Darwin's theory of natural selection is responsible for the Galapagos birds to have various beak shapes. The evolution is a very slow and gradual process.
What is Darwin's theory?According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, species keep on evolving or changing with time. During the change of environment the requirements of an organism also change and they adapt to the new environment.
This process of changing over a period of time as per the natural requirements is called the adaptation. Darwin identified that these sparrow like birds came to the Galapagos island by wind.
The finches evolved from a common ancestor to have different beaks which is well suited for different types of food they feed on.
Thus Galapagos birds are example for adaptive radiation.
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Perform the following mathematical operation, and report the answer to the correct number of significant figures.
0.34 x 0.568 = [ ? ]
Answers
Answer:
0.19312
0.19312 0.19312
Please help fast! 20 points.
Answers
When we bring a magnet near the doorbell when it is not connected to the battery, we feel a pull, or an attractive force.
For this the hypothesis can be:
Hypothesis: If there is no permanent magnet in the doorbell, just metal like iron, then when we bring a paper clip to the doorbell, we will observe an attractive force between the paper clip and the doorbell due to the interaction between the magnet and the iron in the doorbell.
Hypothesis: If there is a permanent magnet in the doorbell, then when we bring a paper clip to the doorbell, we will observe a stronger attractive force between the paper clip and the doorbell due to the interaction between the magnet and the metal components (such as iron) in the doorbell.
Thus, these can be the Hypothesis for the given scenario.
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Consider the southeast coast of north america and the northwest coast of africa. According to the current theory of plate tectonics, these two regions were once very close together. However, the coasts do not quite fit together like puzzle pieces, as one might expect. This can be explained by the fact that the southeast edge of north america's ________ actually does fit nicely with the northwest edge of africa's __________ even if the coasts do not
Answers
Answer:
Both are continental shelf's.
Explanation:
A continental shelf is the shallow underwater extension of land surrounding a continent. It makes up the edge of a landmass, even though it is under water. At some points in the Earth's past, many underwater continental shelves were once a part of dry land.
The only beverage allowed during lab is water. True or false
Answers
Answer:
true (in some labs you aren't allowed to have any drinks so i dont know if that applies to your lab or not )
Explanation:
Suppose that 5-ml containers of helium (He), neon (Ne), and argon (Ar) are at pressures of 1 atm,
2 atm, and 3 atm, respectively. The He and Ne are then added to the container of Ar.
a. What is the partial pressure of He in the container after the three gases are mixed?
b. What is the total pressure in the container after the three gases are mixed?
Answers
The total pressure in the container after the three gases are mixed is 6 atm and the partial pressure of He is 1 atm.
What is Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure ?According to Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure , the pressure exerted by a mixture of gas is equal to the sum of the partial pressure of the gases in the mixture.
P(total) = p₁ +p₂+p₃+.....
As the volume of the containers are same and the
n = 1*5/RT for Helium
n = 2*5 /RT for Neon
n= 3*5/RT for Argon
Mole fraction = moles of the element/Total moles
Moles fraction of Helium is
\(\rm \dfrac{1*5}{1*5+2*5+3*5}\)
= 1/6
Total Pressure in the container = 1 + 2 +3 = 6 atm
The partial pressure of Helium will be
=Mole fraction * Total pressure
=(1/6)*6 atm
= 1 atm , as the volume is same the temperature is same , the pressure will also be same.
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In order to break water into hydrogen and oxygen, water is heated to more than 500°C. Which kind of reaction is this and
why?
It is endothermic because heat needs to be absorbed by the reactants to form the products.
It is exothermic because heat needs to be released by the reactants to form the products.
It is endothermic because heat needs to be released by the reactants to form the products.
It is exothermic because heat needs to be absorbed by the reactants to form the products.
Answers
It is exothermic because heat needs to be released by the reactants to form the products.
Splitting of water moleculesWater molecule is made up of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. That is H2O.
An exothermic reaction is the reaction in which energy, in the form of heat, is released into the environment. Some examples of exothermic reaction are:
Splitting of water moleculesRusting of iron andBurning of sugar.Splitting of water molecule involves a process called thermal dissociation reaction which uses high temperature to split water molecules into its two components such as hydrogen and oxygen.
Here, the reactants absorbs the heat which is needed to form the products.
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Which of the following is not typical of most hydrocarbons? A) high melting point B) poor solubility in water C) low boiling point D) covalent bonding Organic chemistry is the study of the chemistry of compounds of A) oxygen B) hydrogen C) living things D) carbon
Answers
The hydrocarbons, which include alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, are nonpolar and insoluble in water because of their nonpolar covalent bonds. High melting points are not typically observed in hydrocarbons. Most hydrocarbons have low boiling points, which means they are volatile and tend to vaporize at room temperature.
Option A: High melting points are not typically observed in hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons have weak intermolecular forces and low melting points due to nonpolar covalent bonds. As a result, hydrocarbons are commonly referred to as volatile compounds.
Option B: Poor solubility in water is due to hydrocarbons' nonpolar nature. Water, a polar solvent, cannot dissolve nonpolar substances like hydrocarbons. Polar substances dissolve in polar solvents, and nonpolar substances dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
Option C: Most hydrocarbons have low boiling points, which means they are volatile and tend to vaporize at room temperature.
Option D: Covalent bonding is a characteristic of hydrocarbons, which are made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms.
High melting points are not typically observed in hydrocarbons. Option A is the correct answer.
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draw structural formulas for an aldehyde or ketone and alkyl (or aryl) bromide that could be used in a grignard synthesis of the alcohol shown.ch2ch2oh
Answers
Grignard synthesis of the alcohol shown involves the following reaction: CH2CH2Br + Mg + 2(C2H5)2O → CH2CH2MgBr + 2C2H5OHWhen we compare the equation with the reagents available, we can see that it requires CH2CH2Br and two molecules of C2H5OH.
From these, CH2CH2OH is synthesized. As the equation suggests that CH2CH2Br is the alkyl halide used, we can add CH2CH2Br and an aldehyde or ketone as a reactant. To draw the structural formulas for the reaction, follow the below guidelines: Step 1: Add an aldehyde or ketone Aldehydes and ketones are organic compounds containing carbonyl groups. They have the following formula: RCHO (aldehyde) and R2CO (ketone), respectively. An example of an aldehyde is formaldehyde, which has a structural formula HCHO. When we add HCHO to the reaction, the structural formula for the reactant becomes: CH2O.Step 2: Add an alkyl or aryl bromide The next step is to add an alkyl or aryl bromide to the reactant. An alkyl bromide is an organic compound containing a carbon-bromine bond, while an aryl bromide contains a bromine atom attached to an aromatic ring. The simplest example of an alkyl bromide is CH3Br, while the simplest aryl bromide is bromobenzene (C6H5Br). For this reaction, we will add CH2CH2Br as the alkyl bromide. The structural formula for the reactant becomes: CH2CH2Br + CH2OHere is the required structural formula in 100 words. The Grignard synthesis of the alcohol shown in the equation CH2CH2Br + Mg + 2(C2H5)2O → CH2CH2MgBr + 2C2H5OH requires CH2CH2Br and two molecules of C2H5OH. Therefore, we can add CH2CH2Br and an aldehyde or ketone to form the desired alcohol. For this purpose, we will use HCHO as an aldehyde and CH2CH2Br as an alkyl bromide. The structural formula for the reactant will be CH2CH2Br + CH2O.
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write equations for the half-reactions that occur in the electrolysis of a mixture of molten potassium bromide and molten lithium bromide.
Answers
In the electrolysis of a mixture of molten potassium bromide (\(KBr\)) and molten lithium bromide \((LiBr)\), there will be two half-reactions - one for the reduction (gain of electrons) and one for the oxidation (loss of electrons).
Reduction half-reaction: \(2e^{-} + Br_{2}_{ (l)} >>>2Br^{-} _{ (l)}\)
Oxidation half-reaction: \(K^{+}_{(l)} + Li^{+}_{(l)} >>> K_{(s) } + Li_{(s) } + 2e^{-}\)
During the electrolysis process, the molten salts are broken down into their respective ions (K+, Br-, Li+). The reduction half-reaction takes place at the cathode (negative electrode), where bromide ions (Br-) gain electrons and form liquid bromine (Br2). The oxidation half-reaction occurs at the anode (positive electrode), where potassium ions (K+) and lithium ions (Li+) lose electrons to form solid potassium (K) and solid lithium (Li).
In the electrolysis of a mixture of molten potassium bromide and molten lithium bromide, the half-reactions that occur are the reduction of bromide ions to form liquid bromine and the oxidation of potassium and lithium ions to form solid potassium and solid lithium.
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By using prefixes, we can write 32 × 10-10 kg as
Answers
Answer:
3.2 micro gram
Explanation:
because
1kg=1000g
32×10^-10kg=?
=3.2×10^-6g
1g=10^-6micro gram
3.2×10^-6g=?
=3.2 micro gram.
where g- gram
kg- kilogram
imagine a radioactive isotope with half-life of 100 million years. if the ratio of radioactive parent atoms to stable daughter atoms in a rock is 25:75 (25% parent and 75% daughter), how much time has gone by (how old is the rock)?
Answers
Since 75% of the parent atoms have decayed (100% - 25% = 75%), one half-life must have passed. Therefore, the rock is 100 million years old, which is the duration of one half-life.
Based on the given information, we can assume that the rock originally had 100 parent atoms and 0 daughter atoms. Over time, half of the parent atoms (50) would decay into daughter atoms, leaving 50 parent atoms and 50 daughter atoms. This process would repeat every 100 million years, with half of the remaining parent atoms decaying into daughter atoms.
Using this pattern, we can calculate how much time has gone by by figuring out how many half-lives have occurred.
At the beginning, the rock had 100% parent atoms, which corresponds to 0 half-lives. When the ratio of parent to daughter atoms became 25:75, this means that 3 half-lives had occurred.
Each half-life is 100 million years, so we can calculate the age of the rock by multiplying the number of half-lives by the length of each half-life:
3 half-lives x 100 million years per half-life = 300 million years
Therefore, the rock is approximately 300 million years old.
Based on the given information, the radioactive isotope has a half-life of 100 million years, and the current ratio of parent to daughter atoms is 25:75 (25% parent and 75% daughter). To find the age of the rock, we can determine the number of half-lives that have occurred.
Since 75% of the parent atoms have decayed (100% - 25% = 75%), one half-life must have passed. Therefore, the rock is 100 million years old, which is the duration of one half-life.
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What is the specific heat of gold if a 38.0 gram bracelet releases 460.8 joules of heat energy and the increase in temperature is 94.0c
Answers
The specific heat of gold is approximately 0.129 J/g°C. This means that it takes 0.129 joules of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of gold by 1 degree Celsius.
To find the specific heat of gold, we can use the formula:
Q = m * c * ΔT
Where:
Q = Heat energy (in joules)
m = Mass of the object (in grams)
c = Specific heat capacity (in J/g°C)
ΔT = Change in temperature (in °C)
Given:
Mass of the bracelet (m) = 38.0 grams
Heat energy released (Q) = 460.8 joules
Change in temperature (ΔT) = 94.0°C
Rearranging the formula, we can solve for the specific heat capacity (c):
c = Q / (m * ΔT)
Substituting the given values:
c = 460.8 J / (38.0 g * 94.0°C)
c = 460.8 J / (3572 g°C)
c ≈ 0.129 J/g°C
Therefore, the specific heat of gold is approximately 0.129 J/g°C. This means that it takes 0.129 joules of energy to raise the temperature of 1 gram of gold by 1 degree Celsius.
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What is a closed system? A. A system that allows energy and mass to move in or out of it B. A system that does not allow energy or mass to move I. Or out of it C. A system that allows energy to move in and out but not mass D. A system that allows mass to move in and out but not energy
Answers
Answer:
A closed system obeys the conservation laws in its physical description energy only going in and out so the answer is C
Explanation:
hope it helps
Answer:
C
Explanation:
a dissolution process is exothermic if the amount of energy released in bringing about ? interactions is greater than the sum of the amounts of energy absorbed in overcoming ? and ? interactions. 1. solvent-solute; solute-solute; solventsolvent 2. solute-solute; crystal lattice; solventsolvent 3. solute-solute; solvent-solvent; solventsolute 4. solvent-solvent; solute-solute; solventsolute 5. solvent-solute; solute-solute; crystal lattice
Answers
The correct answer to your question is option 2, which states that a dissolution process is exothermic if the amount of energy released in bringing about solute-solute interactions is greater than the sum of the amounts of energy absorbed in overcoming crystal lattice and solvent-solvent interactions.
To understand this concept better, we need to understand what happens during the dissolution process. When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solute particles break away from their crystal lattice structure and mix with the solvent particles. This process involves overcoming the attractive forces between the solute particles (solute-solute interactions) and the attractive forces between the solvent particles (solvent-solvent interactions). At the same time, energy is released when the solute particles interact with the solvent particles (solvent-solute interactions).
In an exothermic dissolution process, the energy released due to solvent-solute interactions is greater than the energy required to overcome the crystal lattice and solvent-solvent interactions. This means that more energy is released than absorbed, resulting in a net release of heat. This is because the attractive forces between the solute and solvent particles are stronger than the forces holding the solute particles in their crystal lattice structure.
Overall, the exothermic nature of a dissolution process depends on the balance between the energy released and absorbed during the process. By understanding the interactions between solute and solvent particles, we can predict whether a dissolution process will be exothermic or endothermic.
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14) Of the following acids, __________ is not a strong acid. A) HNO2
B) H2SO4
C) HNO3
D) HCIO4
E) HCl
Answers
Hello! HNO2 is not a strong acid so therefore your answer is A.
A rule of thumb, the rest are strong acids, so when you ever come across a similar question you will be able to rule out the wrong answers quicker :).
Strong acid list:
H2SO4
HNO3
HCLO4
HCLO3
HCL
HBr
HI
hope this helps!
A standard gold bar has a mass of 12.4 kg. When the gold bar is placed into a container of water the volume changes by 642 mL. What is the density of gold in g/mL
Answers
Answer:
19.3 g/mL
Explanation:
The following data were obtained from the question:
Mass (m) = 12.4 kg
Volume (V) = 642 mL.
Density (D) =.?
Next, we shall convert 12.4 kg to grams. This can be obtained as follow:
1 kg = 1000 g
Therefore,
12.4 kg = 12.4 × 1000
12.4 kg = 12400 g
Therefore, 12.4 kg is equivalent to 12400 g.
Finally, we shall determine the density of the gold as follow:
Density is simply defined as the mass of the substance per unit volume of the substance. It can be represented mathematically as:
Density (D) = mass (m) / volume (V)
D = m/V
With the above formula, the density of gold can easily be obtained as follow:
Mass (m) = 12400 g
Volume (V) = 642 mL.
Density (D) =.?
D = m/V
D = 12400/642
D = 19.3 g/mL
Therefore, the density of hold is 19.3 g/mL
which of the following properties is typically used to identify whether a bond is polar, nonpolar, or ionic? a. atomic mass. b. electronegativity. c. atomic radius. d. ionization energy.
Answers
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When a solution of cesium chloride (CsCI) is subjected to high-speed centrifugation, a stable density gradient is formed. Meselson and Stahl found that when cell contents were subjected to centrifugation with a CsCI solution, a band of DNAformed at the CsCI density that matched the density of the DNA.This technique is called density-gradient centrifugation. (T/F)
Answers
The statement "This technique is called density-gradient centrifugation" is true.
In this technique, a solution of cesium chloride (CsCl) is prepared with a density gradient. The solution is then centrifuged at high speed to create a stable density gradient within the tube or centrifuge rotor.
When a mixture of biological molecules is added to the top of the gradient, the molecules will migrate down the tube or rotor and eventually settle at the point in the gradient where their density matches that of the surrounding solution.
Meselson and Stahl used density-gradient centrifugation to separate DNA molecules based on their density. They grew bacteria in a medium containing a heavy isotope of nitrogen (15N) and then transferred the bacteria to a medium containing a lighter isotope of nitrogen (14N).
They then isolated the DNA from the bacteria at various time points after the transfer and subjected it to density-gradient centrifugation using CsCl.
They found that the DNA isolated from bacteria grown in 15N had a higher density than the DNA isolated from bacteria grown in 14N.
This allowed them to demonstrate the semiconservative mechanism of DNA replication, where each newly synthesized DNA molecule contains one strand from the original DNA molecule and one newly synthesized strand.
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A student makes a cross-section clay model to represent the internal structure of a volcano that leads to the formation of two rocks (X and Y). The student records the processes that
affect the type of rock that is formed in a table,
volcano
aboveground
underground
K
Process
1
2
3
Details
rate of cooling of the rock
composition of the rock
pressure exerted on the rock
Which process(es) cause(s) the rock formed at location X to be different from the rock formed at location Y?
1 only
2 only
• 1 and 3
Activate Windows
Go to Settings to activate Windows.
2 and 3
Tas PM
Answers
CAnswer:
Explanation:
Lithium aluminum hydride also can reduce aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols. However, simply substituting it for sodium borohydride in the lab manual $ procedure would not work,and in fact could be dangerous Why would lithium aluminum hydride not be compatible with the lab manual s reaction conditions?
Answers
Lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH₄) cannot be directly substituted for sodium borohydride (NaBH₄) in the lab manual's procedure to reduce aldehydes and ketones to the corresponding alcohols because LiAlH₄ is a much stronger and more reactive reducing agent than NaBH₄.
Lithium aluminum hydride is a much more powerful reducing agent compared to sodium borohydride, and as a result, it requires more careful handling and specific reaction conditions. Lithium aluminum hydride reacts violently with water and can generate highly flammable hydrogen gas, which can lead to dangerous situations in the lab if not properly handled. Additionally, the reaction conditions for lithium aluminum hydride reduction are typically more rigorous, including higher temperatures and longer reaction times.
Therefore, simply substituting lithium aluminum hydride for sodium borohydride in the lab manual procedure would not be appropriate or safe. Specific precautions and modifications to the procedure would need to be taken to ensure safe and successful use of lithium aluminum hydride as a reducing agent.
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An atom is neutral. Its nucleus contains two protons and two neutrons. How
many electrons does the atom have?
A. Four
B. Two
C. Three
D.
hero
SUBMIT
Answers
Answer:
we need to know which atom you're talking about and then you need to say what the mass number is then we can tell how many electrons there are.
(I think)
Answer:
B it has 2 electrons
Explanation:
what is enviorement.
Answers
Answer:
the natural and man made thing which we can see around us is known as environment. not enviorement.
Answer:
Environment means anything that surrounds us. It can be living (biotic) or non-living (abiotic) things. It includes physical, chemical and other natural forces. ... In the environment there are different interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.
what is the gas (pressure) that is being released during venting? why does the gas form and why is it less prominent as mixing is continued? 43a
Answers
Since many organic solvents are volatile, vapors will accumulate during mixing and raise the container's internal pressure. In order to release this pressure, it is necessary to frequently vent the mixing container.
As gas particles collide with the wall of their container, a force known as "gas pressure" is generated. Force is used to apply pressure to a region. Gas pressure is the force a gas applies to a certain location. As a result, the gas pressure of a gas is calculated by dividing the total surface area of the container walls by the sum of the forces the gas molecules exert on the walls of their container.
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