if you use retroviral gene therapy to complement a homozygous mutation in a human patient, you end up with ___ copies of the gene in question in the genome. if you use crispr gene therapy to complement a homozygous mutation in a human patient, you end up with ___ copies of the gene in question in the genome.
Answers
Retroviral gene therapy would result in two copies of the gene in the genome, while CRISPR gene therapy would result in one copy of the gene in the genome.
Retroviral gene therapy is a method of gene therapy in which a viral vector is used to introduce genetic material into a patient's cell. This vector is typically derived from a retrovirus, which is a type of virus that uses an RNA genome to replicate its genetic material. The vector is modified to contain the desired gene and is then introduced into the patient's cells. The vector will then enter the nucleus of the cell, where it can integrate with the cell's DNA and introduce the new gene.
CRISPR gene therapy is a newer method of gene therapy which uses a modified version of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tool. This tool uses a Cas9 protein and a guide RNA to locate and modify specific sequences of DNA. It can be used to introduce a desired gene into the genome, or to replace an existing gene. Once the desired genetic material has been introduced, the Cas9 protein is then degraded and the desired gene is incorporated into the genome.
Both retroviral gene therapy and CRISPR gene therapy can be used to complement a homozygous mutation in a human patient. However, retroviral gene therapy will introduce two copies of the gene into the genome, while CRISPR gene therapy will introduce only one copy.
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Related Questions
calclate the real width of a paisade cell use the mean width you calculated you part f
Answers
Answer:
They are 1–8 μm long and 0.3–0.8 μm wide and form either palisades (cells parallel to each other in 'V' or 'Y' configurations) or ramified aggregations which in culture have been described as resembling Chinese ideograms
Explanation:
Please help
Is it
A
B
C
D
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Somatic cells are diploid (46 chromosomes)
Gamete cells are haploid ( 23 chromosomes)
A bacteriophage uses the lysogenic cycle to replicate itself. Describe
the bacteriophage’s replication process. Be sure to include information
about what happens to the host cell during and as a result of this cycle.
Think about the questions carefully. Then record your answer in the
box provided.
Answers
During the lysogenic cycle, a bacteriophage integrates its genetic material, specifically its DNA, into the host bacterium's DNA. This integration occurs through the phage's repressor protein binding to the operator region of the host DNA. The phage DNA becomes a prophage and replicates along with the host cell's DNA during cell division.
As a result of this cycle, the host cell continues to divide and carry the integrated phage DNA as part of its own genome. The phage remains dormant and does not actively produce new phage particles. The integrated phage DNA is passed on to daughter cells during each cell division, leading to the transmission of the phage's genetic material to subsequent generations of host cells.
The lysogenic cycle can continue for an extended period, with the phage remaining in the prophage state. However, certain environmental triggers, such as exposure to stress or UV radiation, can cause the phage to enter the lytic cycle. In the lytic cycle, the integrated phage DNA is excised from the host DNA and initiates the production of new phage particles. The host cell is then destroyed, and the newly formed phages are released to infect other bacterial cells, starting the process anew.
Overall, the lysogenic cycle allows the bacteriophage to persist within the host cell's DNA, potentially for generations, before transitioning to the lytic cycle for replication and release.
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A patient has a history of poor nutrition he has skin rashes bleeding gums and a cut that hasn't healed in a long time what vitamin deficiency most likely caused this
Answers
Answer:
Vitamin C
Explanation:
The following symptoms are found in the disease known as scurvy which is characterized as a vitamin deficiency disease caused by skin rashes bleeding gums, joint pain, and stiffness more. It is caused by Vitamin C also known as ascorbic acid plays various roles in the development and growth and repair of the body cells and tissues. It is a water-soluble vitamin and deficiency of the vitamin result in scurvy or skin disease.
A cultural complex is defined as: a several groups sharing the same trait. b a single trait spread over a geographic region. c several groups occupying the same region. d a discrete combination of traits, for example Masaai cattle herding.
Answers
Answer:
d a discrete combination of traits, for example Masaai cattle herding.
Explanation:
A cultural complex consists of different cultural traits that together create a 'culture'. Thus, a cultural complex can be defined as a group of cultural traits that are functionally interrelated. A cultural trait can in turn be defined as any acquired knowledge that is learned by social interaction and interpersonal relationships. Moreover, a cultural pattern occurs when cultural traits and cultural complexes associate each other in functional roles.
identify the five major categories of infectious agents.
Answers
There are five major categories of infectious agents: bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites, and prions. Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be found in many different environments, including soil, water, and the human body.
They can cause a variety of infections, such as strep throat, tuberculosis, and food poisoning. Viruses are even smaller than bacteria and can only reproduce within a living host cell.
Examples of viral infections include the common cold, flu, and HIV. Fungi are a diverse group of organisms that include yeast and mold.
They can cause infections such as athlete's foot and ringworm. Parasites are organisms that live on or within another organism, causing harm to the host.
Examples of parasitic infections include malaria and tapeworms. Prions are infectious proteins that can cause diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
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Which statement is true about genetic information? A gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus. A gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus. A DNA molecule is a section of a gene found on the nucleus of chromosome. A DNA molecule is a section of a gene found on the nucleus of chromosome. A chromosome is a section of a gene found in the nucleus of a DNA molecule. A chromosome is a section of a gene found in the nucleus of a DNA molecule. The nucleus of a cell contains genes that are made up of chromosomes composed of DNA.
Answers
Answer:
With respect to genetic information, it is true that a gene is a section of DNA and is found on a chromosome in the cell's nucleus.
Explanation:
DNA contains all the genetic information that determines the morphological and functional characteristics of living beings.
The structure of DNA contains specific sequences of 4 nitrogenous bases, whose extension constitutes the coded genetic information. A chromosome is formed by a DNA molecule, and the genes contained in the chromosome locus are sequences of nucleotides coming from fragments of that same DNA.
All the genetic information —DNA, chromosomes and genes— is located in the cell nucleus.
how is the reproduction of bryophytes similar to that of ferns?
Answers
Answer:
see below
Explanation:
Reproduction relies on water so that sperm can swim to the egg. Breophytes and ferns both have sperm. ... Ferns require water for the sperm to swim, but breophytes the sperm are released directly on the feralization site, and don't need to swim.
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As a plant grows, its mass increases. The matter that makes up this new mass comes mostly from air and water that the plant changes into organic compounds such as cellulose using the energy from sunlight.
As an animal grows, its mass increases. The matter that makes up this new mass comes mostly from
A.
food that the animal has eaten and changed into other organic compounds.
B.
organic compounds that the animal breaks down into water and carbon dioxide.
C.
substances that the animal has eaten but cannot digest.
D.
air and water that the animal changes into organic compounds using the energy from sunlight.
Answers
Answer:
D.just like humans were going to need food for growth...The food that animals eat can be transformed into usable energy for cells or can be used to build new cells, which form tissues like skin and muscle. ... The process of growth involves eating food, breaking down food through digestion, absorbing nutrients from food, and building tissue.hope this helps
Explanation:
What types of energy do you think may have been involved when the Bunsen burner was lit with
the spark from the Van de Graaff generator
Answers
Heat, light, sound and fire may have been involved when the Bunsen burner was lit with the spark from the Van de Graaff generator. Bunsen burner is a common device in the lab.
What is a Bunsen burner?Bunsen burner is a laboratory device (gas burner) that generates a single open gas flame.
The gas most commonly used in Bunsen burner is generally natural gas, i.e., methane gas.
This device (Bunsen burner) can be used to generate a heat source during a lab experiment.
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_____ in plants are much larger because they need more water
Answers
Answer:
leaves
Explanation:
Cells in the human body carry out different functions. Which cells help the body fight off diseases and remain healthy? Choose the two that apply.
Answers
Describe the survival strategy of the wasp
Answers
Some of the key survival strategies of wasps include aggression and defense, efficient foraging, social behavior, adaptive nesting strategies, and reproductive strategies. These strategies have helped wasps thrive in a wide range of environments.
Wasps are highly aggressive and have powerful stingers that they use to defend themselves and their nests from predators. Many wasp species also have sharp mandibles that they use for biting and tearing apart prey. Wasps are opportunistic foragers and are able to efficiently locate and collect food. Some wasps hunt and capture other insects, while others feed on nectar and fruit. Many wasp species are highly social and live in large colonies or nests.
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If you threw a ball up on the Moon, it would go up 6 times higher than on Earth. Explain how this is possible.
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
A ball thrown up on the Moon would go up about six times higher than on Earth due to the significant difference in the gravitational force between the two celestial bodies.
The force of gravity pulls objects towards the centre of mass of a celestial body. The Moon has a much smaller mass compared to Earth, which results in a weaker gravitational pull on its surface. The gravitational acceleration on the Moon is approximately 1/6th of that on Earth.
When a ball is thrown up on the Moon, the force of gravity acting upon it is much weaker than on Earth. As a result, the ball experiences less resistance in moving against gravity and can reach a higher altitude before eventually falling back down.
On Earth, the stronger gravitational pull means that the ball faces more resistance in moving against gravity, and thus, it cannot reach as high of an altitude before gravity brings it back down.
So, while the action of throwing a ball up on the Moon is similar to that on Earth, the weaker gravity on the Moon allows the ball to overcome gravity's pull more easily, resulting in it reaching a significantly higher height, approximately six times higher than on Earth.
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Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that is also called trisomy 21. A person with Down Syndrome has an extra copy of chromosome 21. What can you infer is most likely the genetic mutation that results in Down syndrome?
A: Nondisjunction during meiosis
B: Complete duplication of chromosomes during polyploidy
C: Translocation during genetic replication
D: Crossing over during meiosis
Answers
Answer:
A : Nondisjunction during meiosis
Answer:
Nondisjunction during meiosis, resulting in uneven distribution of chromosomes
Explanation:
I took the test and got it right good luck!
90) what is the probable role of salicylic acid in the defense responses of plants? a) destroy pathogens directly b) activate systemic acquired resistance of plants c) close stomata, thus preventing the entry of pathogens d) activate heat-shock proteins e) sacrifice infected tissues by hydrolyzing cells
Answers
The role of salicylic acid in plant defense responses is b) activating systemically acquired plant resistance
Growth hormone is an organic compound both naturally occurring and man-made that can promote plant growth and development. Hormones control plant growth and development, by influencing cell division, cell elongation, and cell differentiation.
Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound that plays a role in regulating plant growth. These phenolic compounds can increase plant growth and have an effect on protecting the development of antistress programs. Resistance to disease in the process of plant production can be achieved by using biopesticides through the induction of systemic resistance by increasing secondary metabolites with salicylic acid. Salicylic acid plays an important role in induced systemic resistance in response to pathogenic infections. The mechanism of plant resistance to disease can be in the form of physical or chemical resistance. Salicylic acid is more dominant to overcome the attack of biotrophic pathogens.
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List several functions of G protein-coupled receptors
Answers
Answer:
A novel GPCR role in regulating cell density sensing. Homeostasis modulation (e.g., water balance). Involved in growth and metastasis of some types of tumors. Used in the endocrine system for peptide and amino-acid derivative hormones that bind to GCPRs on the cell membrane of a target cell.
415
6
7
8
1911
Calculate (n/N)2
Add these up.
Answers
Answer:
b
Explanation:
6. How are nucleotides arranged?
Answers
Answer:
A,T,G,C
Explanation:
all nucleartide are made by sticking a phosphate group
what are the two forms of oxygen found in the atmosphere
please give me the answer of this question
don't spam
Answers
Answer:
hi tauheed where are u from
At the neuromuscular junction, the arrival of acetylcholine on the muscle most immediately causes _____.
Answers
At the neuromuscular junction, the arrival of acetylcholine on the muscle most immediately causes the depolarization of the muscle fiber membrane, leading to muscle contraction.
At the neuromuscular junction, the arrival of acetylcholine on the muscle most immediately causes the depolarization of the muscle cell membrane. Here's a step-by-step explanation:
1. Acetylcholine (ACh) is released from the nerve terminal.
2. ACh binds to nicotinic receptors on the muscle cell membrane at the neuromuscular junction.
3. This binding opens ion channels, allowing sodium ions to flow into the muscle cell and potassium ions to flow out.
4. The influx of sodium ions causes depolarization of the muscle cell membrane, which initiates a muscle contraction.
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The Tasty Beef Processing Plants are located in Alabama. There are 10 locations and both the slaughterhouse and processing plants are located on-site. Production for each plant is 12 million pounds per year. Each plant has 50 meat grinders. The product is provided to 3,000 customers at 10,000 locations. One of the key risks is E. Coli contamination. What is the objective of this audit? Group of answer choices
To maximize revenue and operating efficiencies.
To ensure employee safety.
To ensure controls are in place and working effectively to prevent beef tainted with E. Coli.
To optimize the production process.
Answers
The objective of this audit is to ensure controls are in place and working effectively to prevent beef tainted with E. Coli. Therefore option 3 is correct.
This means the main focus of the audit is on food safety and ensuring that the processing plants are implementing appropriate measures to prevent E. Coli contamination in the beef products they produce.
The audit will assess the effectiveness of controls, such as sanitation practices, employee training, quality assurance procedures, and monitoring systems, to ensure that the risk of E. Coli contamination is minimized and that the beef products meet safety standards.
While other objectives like maximizing revenue, employee safety, and optimizing the production process are important, the primary objective of this audit specifically relates to E. Coli contamination prevention and food safety.
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1. list several ways that microbes affect our life. 2. recognize the system of scientific nomenclature. . differentiate among the major groups of microorganisms. 4. identify the contributions to microbiology of van leeuwenhoek, pasteur, lister, koch, jenner, and fleming. 5. list at least four beneficial activities of microorganisms. 6. describe several infectious diseases. 7. define emerging infectious disease.
Answers
Microbes affect our life in numerous ways: They play a crucial role in the environment by participating in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and soil formation.
They are essential for various industrial processes such as fermentation in food production, bioremediation of pollutants, and production of pharmaceuticals.
Some microbes are used in the production of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, and other valuable products.
Microbes contribute to human health by maintaining a balanced microbiota in our gut, aiding in digestion, and supporting our immune system.
They are involved in food preservation and spoilage, affecting the taste, texture, and safety of food products.
Microbes can cause diseases, both in humans and animals, leading to significant impacts on public health and the economy.
The system of scientific nomenclature, specifically in microbiology, involves the use of binomial nomenclature. Organisms are assigned a two-part scientific name comprising the genus and species. This naming system ensures consistency and clarity in identifying and classifying microorganisms.
Major groups of microorganisms can be differentiated as follows:
Bacteria: Single-celled organisms with prokaryotic cellular structure, diverse shapes, and sizes. They can be beneficial, commensal, or pathogenic.
Archaea: Similar to bacteria in cellular structure but genetically distinct. They are found in extreme environments and play important ecological roles.
Fungi: Eukaryotic organisms that include yeasts, molds, and mushrooms. They can be beneficial as decomposers, food sources, or harmful as pathogens.
Protozoa: Single-celled eukaryotic organisms that are diverse in shape and motility. They can be free-living or parasitic.
Algae: Photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms that range from unicellular to multicellular forms. They play a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems and can produce oxygen and food.
Viruses: Non-living entities that require host cells to replicate. They consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat and can cause various diseases.
Contributions to microbiology by notable individuals:
Anton van Leeuwenhoek: Developed the first practical microscope and made important observations of microorganisms, which laid the foundation of microbiology.
Louis Pasteur: Demonstrated the role of microbes in fermentation, proposed the germ theory of disease, developed vaccines, and introduced pasteurization.
Joseph Lister: Pioneered antiseptic techniques in surgery, reducing infections and improving surgical outcomes.
Robert Koch: Developed Koch's postulates, a set of criteria to establish the causative relationship between a microorganism and a disease.
Edward Jenner: Introduced the smallpox vaccine, one of the first successful vaccines in history.
Alexander Fleming: Discovered the antibiotic properties of penicillin, leading to the development of numerous lifesaving antibiotics.
Beneficial activities of microorganisms include:
Decomposition and nutrient recycling in the environment.
Production of food and beverages through fermentation processes.
Synthesis of antibiotics, enzymes, vitamins, and other valuable products.
Bioremediation of pollutants and waste treatment.
Contribution to agricultural practices, such as nitrogen fixation by certain bacteria.
Mutualistic symbiotic relationships with plants and animals, aiding in digestion and providing nutrients.
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that invade and multiply within the host's body, leading to various symptoms and health consequences. Examples include:
Bacterial infections: Tuberculosis, pneumonia, urinary tract infections.
Viral infections: Influenza, common cold, HIV/AIDS.
Fungal infections: Candidiasis, ringworm, athlete's foot.
Parasitic infections: Malaria, giardiasis, trichomoniasis.
An emerging infectious disease refers to a disease that has newly appeared in a population or has existed but is rapidly increasing in incidence or geographic range. These diseases often pose a significant public health threat due to their novelty, potential for rapid spread, and lack of widespread immunity. Examples include COVID-19, Ebola, Zika virus, and SARS. Monitoring and studying emerging infectious diseases are essential to better understand their causes, transmission patterns, and develop effective prevention and control strategies.
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Each X shows the location of an archer's arrow on a bull's-eye target. The archer was aiming for the center circle. X xx X x x Which words best describe the archer's results?
Answers
Low precision and low accuracy best describe the archer's results. So the correct option is A.
Who is an archer?Archery is a sport that involves firing arrows with a bow at inanimate objects or animals during a hunt.
With the exception of Australia, the bow has been a primary tool of combat and the hunt from prehistoric times.
Ancient Egyptians and Greeks also engaged in recreational archery in addition to military archery, an example of the latter being the contest in which Odysseus triumphed and gained Penelope's hand.
Large portions of Asia were ruled by horse-mounted archers such as the Huns, Seljuq Turks, Mongols, and others for around 15 centuries beginning in the first century CE.
During the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453), English longbowmen earned magnificent military successes, while the crossbow gained popularity throughout continental Europe, particularly in Switzerland, some regions of Germany, France, and the Low Countries.
Therefore the correct option is A.
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Which molecules prevent cell membranes from dissolving in water?
O A. Nonpolar fatty acids
O B. Polar phosphate groups
C. Adenosine triphosphates
D. Large globular proteins
Answers
Explanation:
a nonpolar fatty acids
hope this help u
A non-polar fatty acids prevent cell membrane from dissolving in water. The correct option is A.
What is a cell membrane made of?The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is uncovered in all cells and serves to separate the cell's interior from the outside environment.
The cell membrane is made up of a semipermeable lipid bilayer. The cell membrane controls the transport of materials into and out of the cell.
These are glycerophospholipids, which are molecules made up of glycerol, a phosphate group, and two fatty acid chains. Glycerol is a three-carbon compound that serves as the membrane lipids' backbone.
As, these non-polar fatty acids are insoluble in water, so it protect the cell membrane from water. It actually prevent the cell membrane to get dissolve in the water.
Thus, the correct option is A.
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Write two statements expressing the relationships between voltage and current and resistance and current.
Answers
Explanation:
The current flowing in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to the resistance of the circuit, provided the temperature remains constant.If we increase the amount of voltage applied, and do not change the resistance, we will also increase the current.What type of mining is used for hematite?
Out of open cut mining, underground mining, dredge mining, leach mining, and petroleum wells
Will reward brainliest
Answers
Answer:
underground mining,
Explanation:
iron (ii)-oxidation yields very little energy when gallionella ferruginea bacteria use fe2 as an energy source (only about 29 kj mol-1). their growth is also inhibited by the rapid abiotic and aerobic oxidation of fe2 . this is a conundrum because the bacteria actually require oxygen in order to grow! assuming that they can scavenge fe2 efficiently, how might these organisms thrive under such conditions?
Answers
The reaction of the galionella bacteria
that is Fe2+ → Fe3+ is an example of oxidation reaction (answer A)
The oxidation reaction occurs when a molecule, ion, or atom loses electrons during the reaction. when oxidation occurs, the oxidation state of the molecule, ion, or atom increases. For this reason, Fe2+ → Fe3+ is an oxidation reaction as the oxidation state changes from oxidation state 2 to oxidation state 3. Ferrous oxide is a greenish to black powder that is mainly used as a glass color. It can be done by heating a ferrous compound in the absence of oxygen or by passing hydrogen over ferric oxide. Hematite mineral contains ferric oxide, which is a reddish-brown to black powder. It can be made synthetically by burning almost any ferrous compound in the presence of air.
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Which representation would show the organization of life from simplest to the most complex?.
Answers
The representation that would show the organization of life from simplest to most complex is the hierarchical classification system.
The hierarchical classification system, also known as taxonomy, is a way of organizing and categorizing living organisms based on their similarities and differences. It arranges organisms into a hierarchical structure, starting from the simplest and progressing to the most complex.
The system begins with broad categories such as domains, which are then divided into kingdoms, followed by phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and finally species. This hierarchical arrangement reflects the increasing complexity and specificity of the organisms as we move down the classification levels. Therefore, the hierarchical classification system represents the organization of life from simplest to most complex.
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what do both the rho-dependent and rho-independent mechanisms of termination have in common?