If earth had no atmosphere, its longwave radiation emission would be lost quickly to space making the planet approximately 33 K cooler. Calculate the rate of radiation emitted E and the wavelength of maximum radiation emission for earth at 255 K.

Answer: The enthalpy of the reaction is -1791.31 kJ.

Explanation:

Enthalpy change is the difference between the enthalpies of products and the enthalpies of reactants each multiplied by its stoichiometric coefficients. It is represented by the symbol \(Delta H^o_{rxn}\)

\(\Delta H^o_{rxn}=\sum (n \times \Delta H^o_{products})-\sum (n \times \Delta H^o_{reactants})\)        .....(1)

For the given chemical reaction:

\(3MnO_2(s)+4Al(s)\rightarrow 2Al_2O_3(s)+3Mn(s)\)

The expression for the enthalpy change of the reaction will be:

\(\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[(2 \times \Delta H^o_f_{(Al_2O_3(s))}) + (3 \times \Delta H^o_f_{(Mn(s))})] - [(3 \times  \Delta H^o_f_{(MnO_2(s))}) + (4 \times \Delta H^o_f_{(Al(s))})]\)

Taking the standard heat of formation values:

\(\Delta H^o_f_{(Al_2O_3(s))}=-1675.7kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(Al(s))}=0kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(MnO_2(s))}=-520.03kJ/mol\\\Delta H^o_f_{(Mn(s))}=0kJ/mol\)

Plugging values in the above expression:

\(\Delta H^o_{rxn}=[(2 \times (-1675.7))+(3 \times 0)] - [(3 \times (-520.03))+(4 \times 0)]\\\\\Delta H^o_{rxn}=-1791.31 kJ\)

Hence, the enthalpy of the reaction is -1791.31 kJ.

<FIRST ANSWER>  

The answer is A; tundra is at a higher latitude than a desert

Explanation:

Both a tundra and a desert are very dry, so that eliminates B and C.

And as for D, Tundra receives more rain than a desert does, so that eliminates D.

Answer:

c.1.5 moles of cu Will contain a total of 9.0 * 10 ^ 23 ATOMS.

To convert moles into atoms they molar amount and number of atom is múltiples by avagadro's number.

Answer:

Protons and Neutrons

Electrons

The no. of electrons in the last shell

Explanation:

Answer: Oxidation number of chlorine in potassium chlorate...

so, oxidation state of chlorine in potassium chlorate is +1. and yea!!

Explanation: hope this help

The number of hydrogen atoms placed = 4100 atoms of electrons.

Wavelength is the gap among identical points (adjacent crests) inside the adjoining cycles of a waveform sign propagated in the area or alongside a twine. In wireless systems, this period is usually laid out in meters (m), centimeters (cm), or millimeters (mm).

Wavelength may be defined as the distance between successive crests or troughs of a wave. it's far measured inside the route of the wave.

The wavelength is the gap between wave crests, and it will be identical for troughs. The frequency is the wide variety of vibrations that pass over a given spot in one second, and it's far measured in cycles in keeping with the second (Hz) (Hertz). The gap between one top and the next in a series of waves, or the space between one trough and the subsequent. it's also one of the used to measure radiation.

Diameter of hydrogen atom = 0.10 nm

wavelength = 410 mn

num,ber of atoms = 410 /0.10

                               = 4100 atoms of electrons.

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Given :

A balanced chemical equation :

\(Zn +Cl_2->ZnCl_2\)

To Find :

How many grams of zinc are needed to produce 12 grams of zinc chloride.

Solution :

Moles of \(ZnCl_2\) ,

\(n=\dfrac{Given \ wt}{Molecular\ Mass}\\\\n =\dfrac{12}{136.30}\ mol\\\\n=0.088\ mol\)

Now, by balanced chemical equation we can say that 1 mol of Zn produce

1 mol of \(ZnCl_2\) .

So, 0.088 mol of Zn is required to produced 0.088 mol of \(ZnCl_2\) .

\(Mass \ required = molecular \ mass \times moles\\\\m = 65.38 \times 0.088\\\\m=5.8 \ gm\)

Therefore, 5.8 grams of zinc is required.

Hence, this is the required solution.

it is a positive affect to australia

Answer:

I dont know what the answer is

Explanation:

A certain first-order reaction has a rate constant of 2.55×10⁻²s⁻¹ at 25°C At 69 °C, the value of k is around 1.53 s⁻¹.

A first-order reaction is one that has a reaction rate that is linearly dependent on the concentration of just one component. In other words, a first-order reaction is a chemical reaction in which the rate of the reaction varies as a result of a change in the concentration of only one of the reactants.

k = Ae(-Ea/RT)

We can start by calculating the pre-exponential factor, A:

k = A e(-Ea/RT)

A = k / e(-Ea/RT)

At 25°C (298 K), k = 2.55×10⁻² s⁻¹. Plugging in the values for k, Ea, and T, we get:

A = (2.55×10⁻² s⁻¹ / e(-85.5 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/(mol*K) * 298 K))

A ≈ 1.43×10¹⁰ s⁻¹

Now we can use the pre-exponential factor we just calculated to find the rate constant, k, at 69°C (342 K):

k = A e(-Ea/RT)

k = (1.43×10¹⁰ s⁻¹) * e(-85.5 kJ/mol / (8.314 J/(mol*K) * 342 K))

k ≈ 1.53 s⁻¹

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The pH of the buffer solution will be 8.1. containing an acid of pka8.1, with an acid concentration equivalent to that of its conjugate base

The pH of a buffer solution can be determined using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, which is:

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])

In this case, the buffer solution contains an acid with a pKa of 8.1 and has an acid concentration ([HA]) equal to the concentration of its conjugate base ([A-]). Therefore, the ratio [A-]/[HA] is equal to 1.

Now, let's plug in the values into the equation:

pH = 8.1 + log(1)

Since the log of 1 is 0, the equation simplifies to

pH = 8.1

So the pH of the buffer solution will be 8.1. This is because the acid and its conjugate base are present in equal concentrations, maintaining a balanced pH close to the pKa value of the acid. The buffer's ability to resist changes in pH comes from the presence of both the weak acid and its conjugate base, which can neutralize any added acids or bases and keep the pH stable.

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Answer:

You need to dissolve 16.988 g of AgNO3 in enough water to make a final volume of 1.0 L to make a 0.1 M solution of AgNO3.

Explanation:

To make a 1.0 L of a 0.1 M solution of AgNO3, you need to know the molar mass of AgNO3, which is:

Ag = 107.87 g/mol

N = 14.01 g/mol

O = 16.00 g/mol (there are three O atoms, so 3 x 16 = 48.00 g/mol)

Total = 169.88 g/mol

Next, you need to calculate the mass of AgNO3 required to make a 0.1 M solution in 1.0 L of water:

0.1 moles/L * 1.0 L = 0.1 moles

Mass = moles x molar mass

Mass = 0.1 moles x 169.88 g/mol

Mass = 16.988 g

Therefore, you need to dissolve 16.988 g of AgNO3 in enough water to make a final volume of 1.0 L to make a 0.1 M solution of AgNO3.

Answer:

The correct option is have a partial negative charge

Explanation:

Since electronegativity can be described as the measure of the tendency of atom to attract electrons towards itself, the more electronegative atom in a covalent bond will have a partial negative charge. This is because, in covalent bond, there is sharing of electrons between participating atoms, the atom that has a higher electronegativity tends to attract the shared electrons towards itself making it slightly negative charge.

NOTE: The negative charge is partial and thus is not represented while drawing a covalent bonding diagram as this could be misinterpreted to mean an electrovalent bond if the charge is indicated.

The amount of heat gained by the water is 500 calories. Thus, option D is correct.

Given:

Mass of water (m) = 100 g

Change in temperature (ΔT) = 30°C - 25°C = 5°C

The specific heat capacity of water (c) is approximately 1 calorie/gram°C.

Now, the amount of heat gained by the water,

Q = mcΔT

Where:

Q is the heat gained or lost by the substance

m is the mass of the substance

c is the specific heat capacity of the substance

ΔT is the change in temperature

Plugging in the values into the formula:

Q = 100 × 1 × 5

Q = 500 calories

Therefore, the amount of heat gained by the water is 500 calories.

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False

complete combustion produces carbon dioxide + water

Answer:

This question is incomplete, the options to this question are:

(A)A gas station and people playing hopscotch

(B)A squirrel eating acorns and a fire burning

(C)Someone reading a book and eating a sandwich

(D)Someone sliding down the slide and someone drinking water

The answer is B

Explanation:

Energy, which cannot be created nor destroyed according to the law of conservation of energy, exists in different forms. These forms of energy are, however, interconvertible. According to this question, Henry is in the community investigating sources of chemical energy for his science experiment.

Chemical energy is one of the forms of energy produced or used up during chemical reactions. Based on the options provided, the best examples of chemical energy Henry can use is "A squirrel eating acorns and a fire burning".

- A squirrel eating acorns is a source of chemical energy Henry can use because chemical energy are stored in the bonds of the food molecule (acorns).

- A fire burning is another source of chemical energy because burning is a chemical process.

Here are the four steps for problem-solving using unit conversions:

1.Identify the initial unit and the desired unit

2.Find the conversion factor

3.Set up the conversion

4.Check your work

Here are the four steps for problem-solving using unit conversions:

1.Identify the initial unit and the desired unit: Start by identifying the initial unit of measurement and the unit of measurement you want to convert to. This will help you to understand what type of conversion you need to make.

2.Find the conversion factor: Next, you need to find the conversion factor that relates the two units of measurement. This factor can be found in a conversion table or calculated using a mathematical formula.

3.Set up the conversion: Once you have the conversion factor, you can set up the conversion by multiplying the initial value by the conversion factor. This will give you the value in the desired unit of measurement.

4.Check your work: Finally, it's important to check your work to make sure that you have the correct units and that your answer makes sense. You should double-check your calculations and make sure that your answer is reasonable given the context of the problem.

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The resulting width of the strip is approximately 4.875 cm, and the percent volume change after deformation is approximately 1.71875%.

We can use Poisson's ratio to calculate the change in width, and the formula for percent volume change to calculate the change in volume:

Poisson's ratio (ν) relates the lateral strain (εl) to the axial strain (εa) in a material:

ν = -εl / εa

For an isotropic material, ν is constant and equal to one-third of the ratio of the transverse (lateral) and axial elastic moduli:

ν = E_l / 2G

where E_l is the transverse (lateral) elastic modulus and G is the shear modulus.

For polystyrene, the lateral elastic modulus is approximately equal to the axial elastic modulus, so we can use:

ν ≈ 0.5

Given that the length of the strip changes from 10 cm to 10.5 cm, the axial strain is:

εa = (ΔL / L) = (10.5 cm - 10 cm) / 10 cm = 0.05

Using Poisson's ratio, we can calculate the lateral strain:

εl = -ν εa = -0.5 x 0.05 = -0.025

The resulting width of the strip is:

W' = W (1 + εl) = 5 cm (1 - 0.025) = 4.875 cm

The percent volume change is given by:

% volume change = (ΔV / V) x 100%

where ΔV is the change in volume and V is the original volume.The original volume of the strip is:

V = L x W x H = 10 cm x 5 cm x 2 cm = 100 cm^3

The final volume of the strip is:

V' = L' x W' x H' = 10.5 cm x 4.875 cm x 2 cm = 101.71875 cm^3

Therefore, the change in volume is:

ΔV = V' - V = 1.71875 cm^3

And the percent volume change is:

% volume change = (ΔV / V) x 100% = (1.71875 cm^3 / 100 cm^3) x 100% = 1.71875%.

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Answer:

2-methylpropanoic acid

Explanation:

no probs chief

pH of the buffer solution is 0.18.

The following expression can be used to determine the pH of an acidic buffer solution:

pH = pka + log ([A-] / [HA])

We can determine the salt and acid concentrations by changing the supplied values in the expression above.

[Salt] = 6 M

[Acid] =  4 M

Change the values in the equation above.

pH = 1.32 * 10⁻⁵ + log

pH = 1.32 * 10⁻⁵ + 0.17609

pH = 0.0000132 + 0.17609

pH = 0.1761032

pH = 0.18

As a result, the buffer solution's pH is 0.18.

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The heat involved in the dissolution of KCl is 2.29 kJ.

The amount of heat released or absorbed by a chemical reaction can be calculated using the formula: q = mCΔT, where q is the heat released or absorbed, m is the mass of the substance, C is the specific heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. In this case, the mass of KCl is 3.00 g and the change in temperature is 1.55 °C. The specific heat capacity of water is 4.18 J/(g·°C). We can convert the mass of KCl to moles by dividing by its molar mass of 74.55 g/mol. The resulting ΔH is -2.29 kJ/mol

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To find relative error of molar mass of oxygen gas Calculate the difference between the measured value and the true value, and divide it by the true value and then multiply it by 100%.

Relative error of molar mass of oxygen gas can be calculated as follows:

Determine the true value of the molar mass of oxygen gas, which is the accepted standard value.

Measure the molar mass of a sample of oxygen gas using a suitable instrument such as a mass spectrometer.

Calculate the difference between the measured value and the true value, and divide it by the true value.

Multiply the result by 100% to obtain the relative error as a percentage.

The relative error is an expression of the accuracy of the measurement relative to the true value. A smaller relative error indicates a more accurate measurement. The relative error of molar mass measurements can be affected by several factors, including the quality of the equipment used, the accuracy of the measurement procedure, and the purity of the sample being analyzed.

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Answer:

0.422 L

Explanation:

To find the volume of gas at standard conditions when dry, we need to apply the concept of Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and the ideal gas law.

Step 1: Convert the given pressure to atm units.

Given pressure: 767.4 mmHg

1 atm = 760 mmHg (by definition)

Pressure in atm = 767.4 mmHg / 760 mmHg/atm = 1.011 atm (rounded to three decimal places)

Step 2: Convert the given volume to liters.

Given volume: 400.0 mL

1 L = 1000 mL (by definition)

Volume in liters = 400.0 mL / 1000 mL/L = 0.400 L (rounded to three decimal places)

Step 3: Apply Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures states that the total pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of the partial pressures of each gas component. In this case, we have two gases: the gas of interest and water vapor.

The partial pressure of water vapor at 24.0 °C is 23.76 mmHg (at 100% relative humidity). We need to subtract this from the total pressure to get the partial pressure of the gas of interest.

Partial pressure of gas of interest = Total pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor

Partial pressure of gas of interest = 1.011 atm - 23.76 mmHg / 760 mmHg/atm = 0.979 atm (rounded to three decimal places)

Step 4: Apply the ideal gas law to find the volume at standard conditions.

The ideal gas law states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature in Kelvin.

At standard conditions, the pressure is 1 atm, and the temperature is 0 °C or 273.15 K.

R = 0.0821 L atm / (mol K) (ideal gas constant)

Rounded to three decimal places, the equation becomes:

(0.979 atm)(0.400 L) / (1 atm) = (n)(0.0821 L atm / (mol K))(273.15 K)

Solving for n (number of moles):

n = [(0.979 atm)(0.400 L)] / [(0.0821 L atm / (mol K))(273.15 K)] = 0.0186 mol (rounded to four decimal places)

Step 5: Find the volume of the gas at standard conditions using the molar volume of gases.

At standard conditions (0 °C or 273.15 K, 1 atm), the molar volume of an ideal gas is 22.71 L/mol.

Volume at standard conditions = n (molar volume of gas)

Volume at standard conditions = 0.0186 mol × 22.71 L/mol = 0.422 L (rounded to three decimal places)

So, the volume of the gas at standard conditions when dry is 0.422 L.

Answer:

Rubidium Chloride is an excellent water soluble crystalline Rubidium source for uses compatible with chlorides.

Compound Formula: ClRb

Melting Point: 715 °C

Boiling Point: 1,390 °C

Explanation:

Explanation:

temperature changes affect seawater density as water cools its density increases. As water cools H2O molecules pack more closely together because the molecules are vibrating less at low temperatures and take up less volume. The same number of water molecules in smaller volume results higher density

According to the forces of attraction when temperature decreases the molecules in water come closer and as a result of which forces of attraction go stronger and salinity increases.

Forces of attraction  is a force by which atoms in a molecule  combine. it is basically an attractive force in nature.  It can act between an ion  and an atom as well.It varies for different states  of matter that is solids, liquids and gases.

The forces of attraction are maximum in solids as  the molecules present in solid are tightly held while it is minimum in gases  as the molecules are far apart . The forces of attraction in liquids is intermediate of solids and gases.

The physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, density  are all dependent on forces of attraction which exists in the substances.

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A 60 kg man would need a 8000 meters of total foot edge to be supported by surface tension.

Many insects can walk on the water, because of the surface tension at the water surface.

Surface water molecules attract more strongly to the water molecules around them and create a high surface tension with smaller surface area of a water.

The water molecules at the surface do not have other water molecules to form hydrogen bonds, only below and to either sides, like other water molecules that hydrogen bond with other water molecules on all sides.

The surface tension at the water surface is not strong enough to support man on the water.

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The percent by mass of acetic acid in the vinegar is 2.33%.

Below are the steps to solve the given problem using the data table given below:

Step 1: Calculate the mass of the vinegar. Given,Mass of flask and vinegar solution- 25.17gMass of flask- 15.12gMass of vinegar solution = Mass of flask and vinegar solution - Mass of flask= 25.17 g - 15.12 g= 10.05 g

Step 2: Calculate the moles of NaOH used in the titration.Molarity of NaOH solution is 0.1 M.Moles of NaOH = Molarity × Volume of NaOH usedMoles of NaOH = 0.1 M × 39.00 mL (since the initial volume of NaOH is 0.00 mL)Moles of NaOH = 0.0039 moles

Step 3: Determine the moles of acetic acid used in the reaction.The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between NaOH and acetic acid (the main component of vinegar) is given below:CH3COOH + NaOH → CH3COONa + H2OMoles of NaOH = Moles of CH3COOH (since they react in a 1:1 ratio)Moles of CH3COOH = 0.0039 moles

Step 4: Calculate the mass of acetic acid used in the reaction.Molar mass of acetic acid is 60.05 g/mol.Mass of CH3COOH = Moles of CH3COOH × Molar mass of CH3COOH= 0.0039 moles × 60.05 g/mol= 0.234 gStep 5: Calculate the percent by mass of acetic acid in the vinegar.Percent by mass of acetic acid = (Mass of CH3COOH / Mass of vinegar solution) × 100%= (0.234 g / 10.05 g) × 100%= 2.33%.

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Answer:

aerobic (which needs oxygen) and anaerobic (which doesn't need oxygen). Aerobic respiration is a fixed metabolic reaction that takes place in the presence of oxygen, going on in a cell to transform chemical energy into ATPs. Anaerobic respiration is a process of cellular respiration in which the excessive energy electron acceptor is neither oxygen nor pyruvate derivatives

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