PLS HELP ASAP!!!
Examine two items that use more than one battery, such as a flashlight, a 2-way radio, or a battery operated toy. Look at the arrangement of the batteries in the item. Are they connected in series? For each item, state the number and type of batteries, the voltage of each battery and the total voltage
produced.
Flashlight: The flashlight typically uses multiple batteries, arranged in series to provide a higher voltage output.
What is the battery about?In continuation, The number and type of batteries used in a flashlight can vary depending on the model, but a common arrangement is to use two or three 1.5V AA batteries. The batteries are connected in series, with the positive end of one battery connected to the negative end of the next battery, and so on.
For example, if the flashlight uses three 1.5V AA batteries, the total voltage produced would be 4.5V (1.5V x 3).Secondly, 2-way radio:
A 2-way radio also typically uses multiple batteries, arranged in series to provide a higher voltage output. Again, the number and type of batteries used can vary depending on the model, but a common arrangement is to use four or six 1.5V AA batteries. The batteries are connected in series, with the positive end of one battery connected to the negative end of the next battery, and so on.
For example, if the 2-way radio uses six 1.5V AA batteries, the total voltage produced would be 9V (1.5V x 6).Therefore, Note that the arrangement of batteries in series increases the total voltage produced by the batteries.
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The heating element of an electric oven is designed to produce 3.9 kW of heat when connected to a 240-V source. What must be the resistance of the element?5)A 120-V hair dryer has two settings: 950 W and 1400 W .a) Determine the resistance at 950 W setting.b) Determine the resistance at 1400 W setting.
The heating element of an electric oven is designed to produce 3.9 kW of heat when connected to a 240-V source. Then the resistance of the element is 14.7Ω
When A 120-V hair dryer has two settings: 950 W and 1400 W then the resistance at 950 W is 15.15Ω and at 1400 W is 10.28Ω.
What is Electric Power ?The pace at which electrical energy is transmitted by an electric circuit is referred to as its power. The watt is the SI unit of power, equal to one joule per second. Watts, like other SI units, have standard prefixes: thousands, millions, and billions of watts are referred to as kilowatts, megawatts, and gigawatts, respectively.
It is a popular misperception that electric power is purchased and sold, whereas electrical energy is. Electricity, for example, is sold to users in kilowatt-hours (kilowatts multiplied by hours), because energy is defined as power multiplied by time.
In this problem,
Given,
Power P = 3.9 KW
Voltage V = 240 V
P = V²/R
3.9 × 10³ = 240²/R
R = 240²/3.9 × 10³
R = 14.7Ω
For hair dryer,
given,
P = 950 W or 1400 W
V = 120 V
P = V²/R
950 = 120²/R
R = 120²/950
R = 15.15Ω
P = V²/R
1400= 120²/R
R = 120²/1400
R = 10.28Ω
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A silver block of silver block of density 10.5 g/cm3 has a volume of 30 cm3. Which of the following is the correct mass of the block
➝ Density of block = 10.5 g/cm³
➝ Volume of block = 30 cm³
We have to find mass of block\(.\)
➠ Density is defined as mass of substance per unit volume\(.\)
\(\dag\:\boxed{\bf{Density=\dfrac{Mass}{Volume}}}\)
\(:\implies\sf\:Mass=Density\times Volume\)
\(:\implies\sf\:Mass=10.5\times 30\)
\(:\implies\boxed{\boxed{\bf{\red{Mass=315\:g}}}}\)
The first antiparticle, the positron or antielectron, was discovered in 1932. It had been predicted by Paul Dirac in 1928, though the nature of the prediction was not fully understood until the experimental discovery. Today, it is well accepted that all fundamental particles have antiparticles.
Suppose that an electron and a positron collide head-on. Both have kinetic energy of 3.58 MeV and rest energy of 0.511 MeV. They produce two photons, which by conservation of momentum must have equal energy and move in opposite directions. What is the energy Eloton of one of these photons?
Answer:
4.09 MeV
Explanation:
Find the given attachment
kinetic energy portfolio in part 2 the independent changes to----?
2. Height at point A is 30.0 meters with a cart mass of 200.0 kg initially at rest. Point B is at a height of 25.0 meters. Find the KE and PE at points A and B along with the velocity at point B assuming no friction. Show Your Work
At maximum height, velocity is zero and kinetic energy will be zero.
K.E(A) = 0
P.E(A) = mgh = 200 x 9.8 x 30 = 58,800 J
K.E(B) = P.E(A) - P.E(B)
K.E(B) = 58,800 J - (200 x 9.8 x 25)
K.E(B) = 58,800 J - 49,000 J
K.E(B) = 9,800 J
Velocity at point BK.E = ¹/₂mv²
v² = 2K.E/m
v² = (2 x 9800)/(200)
v² = 98
v = √98
v = 9.9 m/s
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Suppose you have a 75-watt light bulb that you leave turned on for two minutes. How much energy
does it use?
150 jouls
6,000 joules
1,000 joules
9,000 joules
Answer:
9000 J
Explanation:
Convert minutes to seconds.
2 min = 120 s
Power = energy / time
75 W = E / 120 s
E = 9000 J
Those in mission control roles spend about 75 percent of their time actively communicating and controlling active space missions.
True
False
It is False that personnel in mission control spend roughly 75% of their time actively engaging with and managing running space missions, according to the evidence at hand.
What is Mission control centre?The NASA Johnson Space Center has a designated center called Mission Control Center.
Only 10% of the time that the MCC staff devotes to mission control is actually spent actually managing missions; the other 80% is spent planning and organizing, and the remaining 15% is spent on training and education.
A facility that oversees space flights is known as a mission control center (MCC; sometimes known as a flight control center or operations center), often from the point of launch until landing or the mission's conclusion. It is a component of spacecraft operations on the ground.
Therefore, It is False that personnel in mission control spend roughly 75% of their time actively engaging with and managing running space missions, according to the evidence at hand.
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What happens when data stored digitally are copied?
OA. Each copy made has worse quality than the original data did.
B. Data are copied quickly, easily, and perfectly.
C. Only one value of the digital data is copied perfectly.
D. Data are copied quickly, but they decrease in quality.
When data stored digitally are copied then data are copied quickly, easily, and perfectly.
Data stored digitally are quickly, easily and perfectly copied.
There is no effect on the quality of the data.It just copies the data exactly as the source and it is same with any other file type. The quality would only decrease if the file is transcoded to a different format or to the same format with a different data stream.Data is a collection of quantities, photos or videos, signs or symbols, on which operations are performed by a computer, which can be stored and transmitted in the form of electrical signals and recorded on magnetic, optical or mechanical recording media.
When you copy (or transfer) a file of any type - JPG or TIFF or RTF or DOC or PSD or whatever, you won't lose any quality.Since no quality of the file is lost, copying a data is an easy, quick and a perfect process.
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How to solve for initial velocity with only height final velocity and acceleration
Answer:
Height and Velocity Functions
Ascertain the height from which the object fell. Multiply the height by 2, and divide the result by the object's acceleration due to gravity. If the object fell from 5 m, the equation would look like this: (2*5 m)/(9.8 m/s^2) =1.02 s^2.
Explanation:
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A roller coaster is at a peak of 20m and has a mass of 900kg. What is the potential energy of the roller coaster?
O 100000 J
10000 J
O 9.8 J
O 176400 J
The potential energy of the roller coaster is 176,400 J (joules).
The potential energy of an object is given by the formula PE = mgh, where PE is the potential energy, m is the mass of the object, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and h is the height or vertical position of the object.
In this case, the roller coaster is at a peak of 20m and has a mass of 900kg. The acceleration due to gravity, g, is approximately 9.8 \(m/s^2\).
Using the formula, we can calculate the potential energy:
PE = mgh
= (900 kg)(9.8 \(m/s^2\))(20 m)
= 176,400 J
Therefore, the potential energy of the roller coaster is 176,400 J (joules).
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A car, starting from rest, accelerates at 2.97m/s^2 on a circular track with a 195m diameter. What is the elapsed time, in seconds, at which the centripetal acceleration of the car has the same magnitude as its tangential acceleration?
5.73 seconds pass before the centripetal acceleration equals the tangential acceleration in strength.
How is acceleration determined?This enables you to calculate the change in velocity in metres per second squared (m/s²). The change in velocity (v) over the change in time (t) is known as acceleration (a). It can be determined using the formula a = v/t.
a = v²/r
where a is the centripetal acceleration, v is the speed of the car, and r is the radius of the circular track (half the diameter).
a = (2.97 m/s²)
r = (195 m)/2 = 97.5 m
v² = ar = (2.97 m/s²)(97.5 m) = 289.58 m²/s²
v = √(289.58 m²/s²) = 17.01 m/s
at = dv/dt
where at is the tangential acceleration, and v is the speed of the car. Since the car is starting from rest, its initial speed is zero, so we can simplify the formula to:
at = v/t
where t is the elapsed time.
We want to find the time at which the magnitude of the tangential acceleration is equal to the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration, so:
at = ac
v/t = ac
t = v/ac = 17.01 m/s / 2.97 m/s² = 5.73 s
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I want for more information for these subject ,EXITONS AND BIEXITONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOLLS, I have to write a project about EXITONS AND BIEXITONS IN SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM DOLLS.
The study of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots is a fascinating and rapidly evolving field in semiconductor physics. Excitons are bound states of an electron and a hole created by the absorption of a photon in a semiconductor material. These quasi-particles exhibit unique optical and electronic properties, making them important for various applications such as optoelectronic devices and quantum information processing.
1. Introduction:
- Provide an overview of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots.
- Mention their significance in semiconductor physics and applications.
2. Excitons:
- Define excitons as bound electron-hole pairs.
- Explain how they form through photon absorption.
- Discuss their properties, such as energy levels, binding energies, and radiative lifetimes.
- Describe their behavior under external electric and magnetic fields.
3. Semiconductor Quantum Dots:
- Introduce semiconductor quantum dots as nanoscale structures with unique quantum confinement effects.
- Explain the synthesis methods for quantum dots, such as colloidal synthesis or epitaxial growth.
- Discuss their size-dependent electronic and optical properties.
4. Biexcitons:
- Define biexcitons as two excitons bound together.
- Explain the conditions for biexciton formation.
- Discuss their properties, including binding energies, lifetimes, and interaction with external fields.
5. Experimental Techniques:
- Describe the experimental methods used to study excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots, such as photoluminescence spectroscopy or ultrafast spectroscopy.
- Highlight the importance of time-resolved techniques for understanding exciton dynamics.
6. Applications:
- Discuss the applications of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots, such as in optoelectronic devices (e.g., solar cells, light-emitting diodes) and quantum information processing (e.g., quantum dots as qubits).
7. Current Research and Future Directions:
- Provide an overview of recent advancements in the field.
- Mention ongoing research efforts and emerging areas of interest.
- Discuss potential future directions and challenges in the study of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots.
8. Conclusion:
- Summarize the key points discussed in the project.
- Emphasize the significance of excitons and biexcitons in semiconductor quantum dots for fundamental research and technological applications.
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If a pool and a cup of water had the same temperature, which would have greater thermal energy?Why?
Despite being the same temperature, the swimming pool is a much larger thermal energy store than the beaker of water.
What is thermal energy?Thermal energy is the energy contained within a system that controls its temperature. The flow of thermal energy is defined as heat.
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with how heat is transferred between different systems and how work is done in the process.
Thermal energy sources include natural gas, coal, and oil, as well as solar, heat pump electric, and geothermal heat.
A swimming pool and a beaker of water can both be the same temperature.
Despite being the same temperature, the swimming pool contains significantly more thermal energy than the beaker of water. A heated swimming pool's thermal store contains a lot of energy.
Thus, If a pool and a cup of water had the same temperature, then swimming pool has a much larger thermal energy.
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The work-energy theorem states that the change in the kinetic energy of an object is equal to what?
The work-energy theorem states that the change in the kinetic energy of an object will be equal to the net work done on the object.
Mathematically, it can be expressed as;
ΔKE = W
Where; ΔKE represents the change in kinetic energy of the object,
W represents the net work done on the object.
This theorem states that when work is done on an object, it results in a change in its kinetic energy. If work is done on an object, its kinetic energy increases, and if work is done by an object, its kinetic energy decreases.
This theorem is a fundamental principle in physics that relates the concepts of work and energy, and it is often used to analyze the motion and behavior of objects in various physical systems.
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A bus with a maximum speed of 20m/s takes 21sec to travel 270m from stop to stop. Its acceleration is twice as great as its deceleration.
Find
1. The acceleration
2. The distance travelled at maximum speed
The acceleration can be calculated using the formula:
Acceleration = (Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time taken
Given that the bus starts from rest, the initial velocity is 0 m/s.
Acceleration = (20 m/s - 0 m/s) / 21 sec = 20/21 m/s².
The distance travelled at maximum speed can be calculated by subtracting the distances covered during acceleration and deceleration from the total distance.
Distance during acceleration = (1/2) * acceleration * time² = (1/2) * (20/21 m/s²) * (21 sec)² = 210 m.
Distance during deceleration is the same as distance during acceleration.
Distance travelled at maximum speed = Total distance - 2 * distance during acceleration = 270 m - 2 * 210 m = -150 m.
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What is the wave where the oscillation is perpendicular to the direction
of motion.
Highway safety engineers want to design roadside barriers that will crumple
in the event that a car drives off the road and collides with them, slowing
down the car more gradually. The average person has a mass of 68 kg and
travels on a highway at a velocity of 27 m/s. If the engineers know that the
maximum force that a person can safely withstand is 1650 N, approximately
how much time is required to crumple the barrier to safely slow the person
with this force?
A 1.5s
B. 0.7 s
C. 1.1 s
D. 2.1 s
The time required to crumple the barrier and safely slow down the person with a force of 1650 N is approximately C, 1.1 seconds.
How to find time?To determine the time required to crumple the barrier and safely slow down the person with a maximum force of 1650 N, use the equation of motion:
F = m × a
where:
F = force
m = mass
a = acceleration
Given:
m = 68 kg
F = 1650 N
Find the acceleration (a) first. Rearranging the equation:
a = F / m
Substituting the values:
a = 1650 N / 68 kg
a ≈ 24.26 m/s²
Now, use the equation of motion to find the time (t):
v = u + at
where:
v = final velocity (0 m/s as the person comes to a stop)
u = initial velocity (27 m/s)
a = acceleration (24.26 m/s²)
t = time
Rearranging the equation:
t = (v - u) / a
Substituting the values:
t = (0 m/s - 27 m/s) / 24.26 m/s²
t ≈ -27 m/s / 24.26 m/s²
t ≈ -1.11 s
The negative sign indicates that the time is in the opposite direction to the initial velocity. Taking the absolute value, the time required to crumple the barrier and safely slow down the person with a force of 1650 N is approximately 1.11 seconds.
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The diagram below represents a light ray striking the surface of a flat, shiny object.
Light ray
Object's surface
What most likely happens to the light ray as it strikes the object's surface?
A. It is completely absorbed by the object
B. It is reflected back in the direction it came from
C. It is reflected at an angle equal to the angle of the incidence
D. It is reflected at an angle greater than the angle of incidence
Answer:
option (C) is right answer
Explanation:
I think it's helps you
Answer:
Option C is correct
Explanation:
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6. The rate at which velocity changes is called
O speed
O direction
O acceleration
O displacement
Pls help!!
Which situation describes a system with increasing gravitational potential energy?
a boy jumping down from a tree limb
a girl stretching a horizontal spring
a bicyclist riding up a steep hill
a train speeding up on a flat track
C) a bicyclist riding up a steep hill
The metaphor for a system with rising gravitational potential energy is "a bicyclist riding up a steep hill." Let's get into greater detail:
A cyclist faces resistance from gravity as they ride up a steep slope. The cyclist's elevation, or height above the ground, rises as they cycle and climb uphill. Gravity is pulling the cyclist down the hill by exerting downward force. The cyclist must apply force to the pedals in order to move forward and overcome the pull of gravity. In order to do this, the bicyclist must transform chemical energy from their body into mechanical energy. The distance of the cyclist from the centre of the Earth grows as they ride up the hill. The height and mass of an object affect its gravitational potential energy. In this scenario, as the bicyclist's height rises, their gravitational potential energy also rises.
Due to the higher elevation, the energy input from the biker is stored as increased potential energy. When the bicycle descends the hill or does work, this potential energy can be transformed back into kinetic energy or other types of energy.
A plank AB 3m long weighing 20kg and with center of gravity 2m from the end A carries a load of mass 10kg at the end A it rests on two supports CandD.
1, compute the values of the reaction forces R1 and R2 at C and D.
2, how far from D and on which side of it must a mass of 24kg be placed on the plank so as to make the reactions equal? What are their values.
3,without this 24kg what vertical force applied at B will just lift the plank clear of D? What is then the reaction at C.
The answers are 1) The value of R2 is not relevant as it implies a downward force on the plank, 2) The reactions at C and D are 66.3 N and 90 N, respectively, and 3) The vertical force at B to lift the plank clear of D is 686.4 N. The reaction at C is zero, and the reaction at D is 61.4 kg.
1) R1 and R2 at C and D respectively are given by the equation R2 = (m1 + m2)g - R1, where m1 and m2 are the masses of the plank and load, respectively, and g is the acceleration due to gravity. Hence, substituting values R2 = (20 + 10) × 9.81 - R1 = 294.3 - R1. Now, taking moments about D, the following equation can be obtained: (20 × 1 + 10 × 3)g = R1 × 2 + R2 × 3 = 2R1 + 3 × (294.3 - R1) = 882.9 - R1, from which R1 = 343.7 N and R2 = 294.3 - 343.7 = -49.4 N. Since the support at D can only push the plank upwards and cannot pull it downwards, a negative value for R2 implies that the plank is actually being pulled downwards by an external force. Therefore, the value of R2 is not relevant. 2) The total weight of the plank and the load acting at the end A is 20 + 10 = 30 kg. For the reactions at C and D to be equal, the 24 kg mass must be placed at a distance x from D such that x × 30 = 24 × 6, from which x = 12/5 = 2.4 m. Since the 24 kg mass is being placed to the left of the plank, it will cause the reaction at C to decrease and that at D to increase. Thus, if R is the vertical force applied at B, then taking moments about D gives 20g × 1 - 10g × 3 + R × 6 = 0, from which R = 90 N. Taking moments about C gives R × 3 - 10g × 2 = 0, from which R = 66.3 N. 3) The vertical force applied at B that will just lift the plank clear of D is the weight of the plank and the load acting at the end A plus the weight of the part of the plank that is to the right of D. The weight of the plank and the load acting at the end A is 20 + 10 = 30 kg, and the weight of the part of the plank that is to the right of D is 24 × 1.6 = 38.4 kg. Therefore, the vertical force applied at B that will just lift the plank clear of D is (20 + 10 + 38.4)g = 686.4 N. The reaction at C is zero because the plank is not being supported there anymore. The reaction at D is the same as the weight of the plank and the load acting at the end A plus the weight of the part of the plank that is to the right of D, which is 20 + 10 + 24 × 1.6 = 61.4 kg.For more questions on acceleration
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What is the force needed to accelerate a 10 kg object at 2 m/s??
Answer:
5 newtons
Explanation:
Just divide them
Can someone help me find F2
The net electric force on particle q₂ is determined as -9.86 N.
What is the net force of particle q₂?The net force of particle q₂ is determined by applying Coulomb's law of electrostatic force.
The electric force between particle q₁ and q₂ is the repulsive force and the magnitude is calculated as;
F₁₂ = kq₁q₂ / r²
where;
K is the Coulomb's constantq₁ is the magnitude of charge 1q₂ is the magnitude of charge 2r is the distance between charge 1 and charge 2F₁₂ = -(9 x 10⁹ x 13 x 10⁻⁶ x 7.7 x 10⁻⁶) / (0.25²)
F₁₂ = -14.4 N
The electric force between particle q₃ and q₂ is the attractive force and the magnitude is calculated as;
F₂₃ = kq₃q₂ / r²
F₂₃ = (9 x 10⁹ x 5.9 x 10⁻⁶ x 7.7 x 10⁻⁶) / (0.3²)
F₂₃ = + 4.54 N
The net force on the particle q₂ is calculated as;
F (net) = F₁₂ + F₂₃
F (net) = -14.4 + 4.54
F (net) = -9.86 N
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27/13 AL + 4/2 He -> ? + 1/On
Please help!!!!!! What’s the missing species???
The missing species of the nuclear reaction obtained is ³⁰₁₅P
How do i determine the missing species?The missing species of the equation can be obtain as follow:
Let the missing species be ʸₓZNow, we can obtain the value of x, y and Z as follow:
²⁷₁₃Al + ⁴₂He -> ʸₓZ + ¹₀n
For x
13 + 2 = x + 0
15 = x
x = 15
For y
27 + 4 = y + 1
31 = y + 1
Collect like terms
y = 31 - 1
y = 30
For Z
ʸₓZ => ³⁰₁₅Z
From the period table, the element with atomic number of 15 is phosphorus, P. Thus, we have
ʸₓZ => ³⁰₁₅Z => ³⁰₁₅P
Therefore, we can write the complete equation as:
²⁷₁₃Al + ⁴₂He -> ³⁰₁₅P + ¹₀n
Thus, the missing species is ³⁰₁₅P
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Researchers studying the possible effects of “heading” a soccer ball--hitting it with the head--use a force plate to measure the interaction force between a ball and a hard surface. (Figure 1) shows smoothed data of the force when a 430 g
soccer ball is fired horizontally at the force plate with a speed of 15 m/s
With what speed does the ball rebound from the plate?
The speed of the ball rebounding from the plate is approximately 13.2 m/s.
According to the graph, the greatest force exerted by the football on the force plate during impact is around 1900 N. The ball comes to a halt on the force plate before rebounding.
The kinetic energy of the ball before impact equals the kinetic energy of the ball after the rebound, according to the law of conservation of energy.
The speed of the ball rebounding can be calculated using the formula:
(1/2)mv²= (1/2)mv_0²
where m is the mass of the ball (0.43 kg), v is the speed of the ball rebounding, and v_0 is the initial speed of the ball (15 m/s).
Solving for v, we get:
v = sqrt(v_0² - (2F/m))
where F is the maximum force exerted on the force plate (1900 N).
Plugging in the values, we get:
v = sqrt(15² - (2*1900/0.43)) ≈ 13.2 m/s
Therefore, the speed of the ball rebounding from the plate is approximately 13.2 m/s.
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A soccer ball is released from rest at the top of a grassy incline. After 6.2 seconds, the ball travels 47 meters. One second later, the ball reaches the bottom of the incline.
(a) What was the balls acceleration?(assume that the acceleration was constant).
(b) How long was the incline?
Answer:
(a) a = 2.44 m/s²
(b) s = 63.24 m
Explanation:
(a)
We will use the second equation of motion here:
\(s = v_it+\frac{1}{2}at^2\)
where,
s = distance covered = 47 m
vi = initial speed = 0 m/s
t = time taken = 6.2 s
a = acceleration = ?
Therefore,
\(47\ m = (0\ m/s)(6.2\ s)+\frac{1}{2}a(6.2\ s)^2\\\\a = \frac{2(47\ m)}{(6.2\ s)^2}\)
a = 2.44 m/s²
(b)
Now, we will again use the second equation of motion for the complete length of the inclined plane:
\(s = v_it+\frac{1}{2}at^2\)
where,
s = distance covered = ?
vi = initial speed = 0 m/s
t = time taken = 7.2 s
a = acceleration = 2.44 m/s²
Therefore,
\(s = (0\ m/s)(6.2\ s)+\frac{1}{2}(2.44\ m/s^2)(7.2\ s)^2\\\\\)
s = 63.24 m
state ohmic conductor
Answer:
An ohmic conductor is defined as one which obeys ohm's law that is V ∝ I where is the voltage and is the current. There must be a linear graph. Silver is an example of an ohmic conductor as the graph for silver is a linear graph. Silver and copper are some examples of ohmic conductor
Given the vectors a=6m west and b=11 m south using graphical method determine which of the following most likely represent the magnitude and direction of the difference vector a-b respectively
The reliability or reproducibility of a measurement is its _____
The degree of data stability when the measurement is replicated under identical circumstances is known as reproducibility or reliability.
What exactly are repeatability and reproducibility?Reproducibility determines how an entire study an experiment can be replicated, whereas repeatability assesses the variation in data made by a single equipment or human under similar circumstances.
What makes repeatability crucial?Science needs reproducibility because it enables more in-depth investigation, and replication validates our findings. There are several investigations and experiments, which result in a wide range of variables, unforeseen, and things that are either outside your influence or you cannot guarantee.
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