how many pounds of calcium hydroxide must be added to the water to achieve full precipitation of aluminum hydroxide?

Answer:

Sodium hydroxide is very corrosive. It can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and mucous membrane; an allergic reaction; eye and skin burns; and temporary loss of hair. Workers may be harmed from exposure to sodium hydroxide.

Explanation:

How to reduce:

Inhalation: Move victim to fresh air.

Skin Contact: Avoid direct contact

Eye Contact: Avoid direct contact

Ingestion: Have victim rinse mouth with water.

Answer:

Oxidation half-reaction : Na(s) → Na⁺ + 1 e-

Reduction half-reaction: Cl₂ + 2 e- → 2 Cl⁻

Explanation:

Oxidation half-reaction: solid sodium (Na(s)) has an oxidation number of 0. It loses 1 electron and forms the cation Na⁺. So, the half-reaction is the following:

Na(s) → Na⁺ + 1 e-

Reduction half-reaction: chlorine gas (Cl₂) has an oxidation number of 0. Each atom of Cl gains 1 electron to form two Cl⁻ ions, according to the following half-reaction:

Cl₂ + 2 e- → 2 Cl⁻

The total oxidation-reduction reaction is obtained by adding the oxidation half-reaction multiplied by 2 (to balance the electrons) and the reduction half-reaction, as follows:

2 x (Na(s) → Na⁺ + 1 e-)

Cl₂ + 2 e- → 2 Cl⁻

--------------------------------

2Na(s) + Cl₂ → 2NaCl

Based on Lana's diagram, the correct statement that explains the results of asexual reproduction is C. The offspring are genetically identical to the parent, because each offspring receives a complete copy of a single parent's chromosomes.

In the diagram, the parent cell divides into two identical daughter cells, each of which contains a complete copy of the parent cell's genetic material.

This type of reproduction, where a single parent produces offspring that are genetically identical to itself, is called asexual reproduction. It is the process by which many unicellular organisms, such as bacteria and some protists, reproduce.

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Answer:

1. A. 9 eggs

2. B. 5:3

3. C. Exactly 44 g

4. C. Mass and atoms only

5. D. 6.81 g of PH₃

6. C. 88.4%

7. B. O₂

8. D. 30.8 g CO₂

9. B.

10. B.

11. C. 99 g

12. D. mole ratio

13. C. Theoretical

14. A. 6.0 mol H₂O

15. D. 39.7 g CH₃OH

16. A. 650 g HgO

17. D. 8.8 mol H₂

18. B. 82.6%

Explanation:

1. The number of eggs it takes to make 1 cake = 3 eggs

The number of eggs it takes to make 3 × 1 = 3 cake = 3 × 3 = 9 eggs

Therefore, the correct option is;

A. 9 eggs

2. The given reaction is presented as follows;

C₃H₈(g) + 5O₂(g) → 3CO₂(g) + 4H₂O(l)

In the above reaction, we have;

Moles of , O₂, reacted = 5 moles

Moles of , CO₂, produced = 3 moles

The ratio of the of O₂ reacted to moles of CO₂ produced = 5 moles:3 moles

∴ The ratio of the of O₂ reacted to moles of CO₂ produced = 5:3

The correct option is;

B. 5:3

3. The reaction is presented as follows;

O₂ (g) + C(s) → CO₂ (g)

From the reaction, 1 mole (12 g) of carbon produces 1 mole of CO₂

The molar mass of CO₂ = The mass of 1 mole of CO₂ = 44.01 g/mol

Given that the reaction is completed, the mass of CO₂ produced = The mass of 1 mole of CO₂ ≈ 44 g

The correct option is;

C. Exactly 44 g

4. The given reaction is presented as follows;

N₂ + 3 F₂ → 2NF₃

The initial number of atom = 2 + 6 = 8

The final number of atom = 2 × 4   = 8

∴ The initial number of atom = The final number of atom

Therefore, the number of atoms is conserved;

The mass of the reactants ≈ 28 g/mol + 3 × 37.996806 g/mol ≈ 141.993612 g/mol ≈ 142 g/mol

The mass of the product ≈ 2 × 71 g.mol = 142 g/mol

∴ The mass is conserved

Moles of reactants = 1 + 3 = 4

Moles of products = 2

∴ The number of moles is not conserved

The correct option is

C. Mass and atoms only

5. The molar mass of P₄ = 123.895048 g/mol

One mole of P₄ (123.895048 g) produces four moles (4 × 34.00) of PH₃

6.20 g of P₄. will produce (4 × 34.00)/(123.895048) × 6.20 g ≈ 6.80576 g ≈ 6.81 g

The correct option is D. 6.81 g of PH₃

6. The percentage yield = ((The actual yield)/(The ideal yield)) × 100

The actual yield of silver = 38.1 g

The ideal yield of silver = 43.1 g

∴ The percentage yield = ((38.1 g)/(43.1 g)) × 100 = 88.3990719258% ≈ 88.4%

The percentage yield = 88.4%

The correct option is C. 88.4%

7. The given chemical equation is presented as follows;

CS₂ (g) + 3 O₂ (g) → CO₂ (g) + 2 SO₂ (g)

The number of moles in 192 g of O₂ = 192 g/(32 g/mol) = 6 moles

Given that 3 moles of O₂ reacts with 1 mole of CS₂ to produce 1 mole of CO₂ and 2 moles SO₂,  therefore 2 × 3 = 6 moles of O₂ will reacts with 2 × 1 = 2 moles of CS₂ to produce 2 moles of CO₂ and 4 moles SO₂

∴ The limiting reactant is;

B. O₂

8. The given chemical equation is presented as follows;

2 C₈H₁₈ (g) + 25 O₂ (g) → 16 CO₂ (g) + 18 H₂O (l)

The number of moles in 10 g of C₈H₁₈, n₁ = (10 g)/(114.26 g/mol)

The number of moles of CO₂ produced, n₂ = (10 g)/(114.26 g/mol) × 16/2 ≈ 0.7 moles

The mass of CO₂ produced, m ≈ 44.01 × n₂ ≈ 44.01 g/mol × 0.7 moles ≈ 30.807 grams ≈ 30.8 grams

The theoretical yield of CO₂ from completely burning 10.0 g of C₈H₁₈ ≈ 30.8 grams of CO₂

The correct option is D. 30.8 g CO₂

9. The correct option is B. The limiting reactants determine the maximum amount of product that can be formed

10. Option B, which has 3 atoms of each element combining to form a product with 1 atom of one element and 2 atoms of the other element

The correct option is B.

11. By the conservation of mass, we have;

The mass of the reactants = The mass of the products

Let 'x' represent the mass of zinc in the products of the reaction

Therefore, we have;

61 g of calcium + 207 g of zinc chloride = 169 g of calcium chloride + x g of Zinc

∴  x g = 61 g + 207 g - 169 g = 99 g

The mass of zinc in the products of the reaction, x g = 99 g

The correct option is;

C. 99 g

12. The quantity that must be used to convert from one chemical substance to another is the mole ratio

The correct option is D. mole ratio

13. The maximum mass of the product that could form in a reaction is called the theoretical yield, which is option C.

The correct option is C. Theoretical

14. 1 mole of O₂ produces 2 moles of water (H₂O), therefore;

3 × 1 = 3.0 moles of O₂ will produce 3 × 2 = 6 moles of H₂O

The correct option is

A. 6.0 mol H₂O

15. 2 mole × 2.02 g/mol = 4.04 g of H₂ (g) produces 32.05 g CH₃OH (l)

∴ 5 g of H₂ (g) will produce 32.05 g × 5/4.04 ≈ 39.6658416 g ≈ 39.7 g of CH₃OH

The correct option is;

D. 39.7 g CH₃OH

16. 2 (2 × 216.59 g = 433.18 g) moles of HgO produces 1 mole of O₂

1.5 mole of O₂ will be produced by 1.5 × 2 = 3 moles (3 × 216.59 g = 649.77 g ≈ 650 g) of HgO

The correct option is A 650 g HgO

17. 3 moles of H₂ produces 2 moles of NH₃

The number of moles of NH₃ in 100 g of NH₃, n = 100 g/(17.04 g/mol) = 5.868544 moles

The number of moles of H₂ that will produce 5.868544 moles of NH₃ = 3/2 × 5.868544 moles = 8.802816 moles ≈ 8.8 moles

Therefore, the correct option is;

D. 8.8 mol H₂

18. The theoretical yield of PbO = (223.2/331.2) × 9.90 g = 6.67173913 g

The percentage yield = (5.51 g)/(6.67173913 g) × 100 ≈ 82.6%

The correct option is option B 82.6%.

The given aromatic reactant reacts with sulfuric and nitric acid to form the para-nitro-substituted product. This reaction is referred to as aromatic nitration.

Nitration reaction is a type of reaction where the hydrogen atom (in the organic compound) will be replaced with the nitro groups (NO₂). In aromatic nitration, the combination of sulfuric (H₂SO₄) and nitric acid (HNO₃) will help to produce this nitro group (NO₂). This is a powerful electrophile.

In the given compound, the benzene ring is substituted with an ether moiety (-OAr) and butyl group. Since the ether moiety is in ortho-para orientation within the two rings, the ortho position is blocked by the butyl group, so the nitration will take place in the para position of both the benzene ring and results in the product as mentioned in the diagram.  

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The complete question is -

When the following compound is treated with a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acid at 50°C, nitration occurs to afford a compound with two nitro groups. Draw the structure of this product:

When sodium chloride dissolves in water, water molecules orient around the ions in such a way that the hydrogen atoms point toward the chloride ions. The correct option is b.

When sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolves in water, it separates into \(Na^+\) and  \(Cl^-\) ions. As a result, water molecules surround the ions, shielding them from one another. Water molecules are orientated around the ions in such a way that their hydrogen atoms (δ+) are directed toward the chloride ions ( \(Cl^-\)) and their oxygen atoms (δ-) are directed toward the sodium ions (\(Na^+\)).

A water molecule has two positively charged hydrogen atoms and one negatively charged oxygen atom that form a V-shaped geometry, with the oxygen atom at the vertex. The H-O-H bond angle is 104.5 degrees. As a result, when\(Na^+\) and \(Cl^-\) ions are present in water, they are surrounded by water molecules, with their hydrogen atoms pointed toward the  \(Cl^-\) and their oxygen atoms pointed toward the  \(Na^+\) .

In summary, when sodium chloride dissolves in water, the water molecules orient around the ions in such a way that the hydrogen atoms point toward the chloride ions. The correct option is b.

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Water is a polar substance. Polar solvents dissolve polar substances. Now, the bond between carbon and hydrogen is a covalent bond, because the electronegativity difference between these two elements is less than 1.7.

Therefore, the low solubility of hexane is due to the fact that hexane is nonpolar with covalent bonds.

Answer: C) Nonpolar covalent

Energy is released

exo-outside

thermic-heat

A good example of an exothermic reaction is combustion where heat is released

Mass of the block of wood = 3.25 cm

Density of the block of wood = 0.945 g/ cm³

The selenate ion, SeO₃²⁻, is classified as a. polyatomic anion. Polyatomic ions are composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded together and carry a charge.

In the case of the selenate ion, it consists of one selenium (Se) atom and three oxygen (O) atoms bonded together, with an overall charge of -2. A cation refers to a positively charged ion, whereas an anion refers to a negatively charged ion. Since the selenate ion carries a negative charge, it is an anion.

Furthermore, it is not monoatomic because it consists of more than one atom. Thus, the correct classification for the SeO₃²⁻ ion is a polyatomic anion (option c).

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The compound most likely formed with magnesium, Mg, is MgX . The correct option is (A) MgX.

The electronic configuration of the element, X is 2,8,7. Since X is located in group 7 of the periodic table, it has 7 electrons in its valence shell. In order to obtain a stable configuration, the atom can either gain one electron to fill the 3rd energy level completely or lose seven electrons to completely empty the 2nd energy level, which is easier. The resulting ion, X-, would have a stable electronic configuration of 2,8. Hence, the compound most likely formed with magnesium, Mg, is MgX .The correct option is (A) MgX.

Explanation: Magnesium is located in group 2 of the periodic table and has two valence electrons in its outermost shell. It loses these two electrons to form Mg2+ ions with stable electronic configurations of 2,8. On the other hand, element X gains an electron to form X- ions with stable electronic configurations of 2,8.The combination of Mg2+ and X- ions results in the formation of the compound MgX with a neutral charge.

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Answer:

Join here if u r a girl owu-bqfx-fvq

Answer:

210°C

Explanation:

using the equation

P1/T1=P2/T2

475/21=4750/T2

T2= (21×4750)/475

T= 210°C

Answer: When this occurs, the particles bind with the chemicals and form larger particles, the clear water on top will pass through filters of varying compositions (sand.

Explanation: I hoped that helped.

Answer:

The organisms that consume the primary producers are herbivores: the primary consumers. Secondary consumers are usually carnivores that eat the primary consumers. Tertiary consumers are carnivores that eat other carnivores.

Answer: D. negative

Explanation:

Answer:

1.95*10²² molecules are in 5.50 grams of AgNO₃

Explanation:

Being the molar mass of the elements:

then the molar mass of the compound is:

AgNO₃: 107.87 g/mole + 14 g/mole + 3*16 g/mole= 169.87 g/mole

Then you can apply the following rule of three: if 169.87 grams of the compound are present in 1 mole, 5.50 grams will be present in how many moles?

\(moles=\frac{5.50 grams*1 mole}{169.87 grams}\)

moles= 0.0324

Avogadro's Number or Avogadro's Constant is called the number of particles that make up a substance (usually atoms or molecules) and that can be found in the amount of one mole of said substance. Its value is 6.023*10²³ particles per mole. Avogadro's number applies to any substance.

You can apply the following rule of three: if by definition of Avogadro's Number 1 mole of the substance contains 6.023 * 10²³ molecules, 0.0324 moles how many molecules will it have?

\(molecules=\frac{0.0324 moles*6.023*10^{23} molecules}{1 mole}\)

molecules=1.95*10²²

1.95*10²² molecules are in 5.50 grams of AgNO₃

Assuming a price of $0.02 per metric ton, the power plant will save $2,000 per year as a result of the conversion to oil and natural gas, assuming that there were no air pollution controls installed.

a) Total emissions of pollutants per year from the Intermountain Power Plant in Delta Utah will be as follows:Natural Gas Type: Pollutants Emissions NOx : 62,610 tonsSO2 : 1,461 tonsCO : 6,090 tonsCO2 : 3.49 million tonsPM10 : 100 tons Coal Type: Pollutants Emissions NOx : 194,580 tonsSO2 : 508,410 tonsCO : 13,230 tonsCO2 : 8.15 million tonsPM10 : 12,005 tons Oil Type:  Pollutants Emissions NOx : 130,680 tonsSO2 : 905,460 tonsCO : 10,530 tonsCO2 : 6.10 million tonsPM10 : 58 tons b)The environmental and human health impacts of each pollutant are:

1. NOx: It leads to the formation of photochemical smog and acid rain which has a negative impact on the environment. It is also harmful to human health and causes respiratory problems. 2. SO2: It causes acid rain, reduces visibility, and harms the environment. It is also harmful to human health and causes respiratory problems.3. CO: It is harmful to human health and can cause headaches, nausea, and can even lead to death in large amounts.4. CO2: It is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming.5. PM10: It causes respiratory problems and can cause lung cancer in extreme cases.c) The emissions control technologies that can be used to reduce emissions of each pollutant are:1. NOx: Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) are used to reduce NOx emissions.2. SO2: Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) technology can be used to remove SO2 from the flue gases.3. CO: Combustion control techniques can be used to reduce CO emissions.

4. CO2: Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) technology can be used to capture CO2 and store it in geological formations.5. PM10: Fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and scrubbers can be used to control PM10 emissions.d)The worst-case temperature profile for a nearby community is represented by Figure 1, i.e., an inversion temperature profile. Inversion traps pollutants and prevents them from escaping into the atmosphere, leading to an increase in pollution levels.

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Answer:

Oxidation occurs when a reactant loses electrons during the reaction. Reduction occurs when a reactant gains electrons during the reaction.

Buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when proton donors or proton acceptors are added to a solution.

A weak acid and its conjugate base, or a weak base and its conjugate acid, make up a buffer. The amount of acid or base that may be added to a buffer before the pH changes is known as the buffer capacity.

Blood bicarbonate, which keeps the body's internal pH stable, is an illustration of a buffer solution. Any proton acceptor is a base, while any proton donor is an acid. Amphiprotic refers to a material that can function as a proton acceptor or donor. The most prevalent amphiprotic material is probably water.

Therefore, buffers tend to prevent dramatic changes in the pH when proton donors or proton acceptors are added to a solution.

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Starch, glycogen, proteins, and fats are all macromolecules that can be broken down and used as a source of energy for cellular respiration.

Each of these molecules enters the process of cellular respiration at different stages and through different pathways.

Starch: Starch is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together. In order to enter the process of cellular respiration, starch must first be broken down into glucose molecules. This occurs through the process of hydrolysis, in which water molecules are used to break the bonds between the glucose molecules. Once the glucose molecules have been released, they can enter glycolysis, the first stage of cellular respiration.

Glycogen: Like starch, glycogen is a complex carbohydrate made up of many glucose molecules linked together. Glycogen is stored in the liver and muscle tissue and can be broken down into glucose molecules when needed. The process of breaking down glycogen into glucose molecules is called glycogenolysis. Once the glucose molecules have been released, they can enter glycolysis and continue through the rest of cellular respiration.

Proteins: Proteins are made up of amino acids and can also be used as a source of energy for cellular respiration. Before proteins can enter the process of cellular respiration, they must first be broken down into their constituent amino acids. This process is called proteolysis and can occur in the digestive system or within cells themselves. Once the amino acids have been released, they can be converted into pyruvate, acetyl-CoA, or other molecules that can enter the various stages of cellular respiration.

Fats: Fats are a rich source of energy and can be broken down into smaller molecules called fatty acids and glycerol. The breakdown of fats into fatty acids and glycerol is called lipolysis and occurs in the cytoplasm of cells. The fatty acids can be converted into acetyl-CoA, which can then enter the citric acid cycle, the second stage of cellular respiration. The glycerol can be converted into a molecule called glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which can enter glycolysis.

All of these molecules can enter the process of cellular respiration, but they must first be broken down into smaller molecules that can enter the various stages of cellular respiration. Starch and glycogen must be broken down into glucose, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids and glycerol before they can be used as a source of energy in cellular respiration.

Question - Explain how and where each of these molecules may enter the process of cellular respiration: Starch Glycogen Proteins Fats

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Answer:

Pasteur-Disproved spontaneous generation using S-necked flasks that were open to the air but did not let microorganisms in. Broth boiled in the flasks did not become contaminated. ... The organisms could have come from the air and settled into the broth.

Explanation:

To correctly relabel the pipets, we need to determine the identity of each solution based on its properties. We can use two indicators, bromothymol blue and phenolphthalein, to perform the following experiments:

Add a few drops of bromothymol blue to each solution. NH4Cl solution will turn yellow, NaCl solution will remain unchanged, and HCl solution will turn blue. Based on this, we can label the pipet with the yellow solution as NH4Cl, the unchanged solution as NaCl, and the blue solution as HCl.

Add a few drops of phenolphthalein to each solution. NaCl solution will remain colorless, NH4Cl solution will turn pink, and HCl solution will remain colorless. Based on this, we can label the pipet with the pink solution as NH4Cl, the colorless solution as NaCl, and the colorless solution as HCl.

If the data from these experiments are inconclusive, we would need an indicator that can distinguish between acidic and basic solutions. In this case, we can use methyl red as an indicator. NH4Cl solution will turn red, NaCl solution will remain unchanged, and HCl solution will remain colorless. Based on this, we can label the pipet with the red solution as NH4Cl, the unchanged solution as NaCl, and the colorless solution as HCl.

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Answer:

B)−6,942 J /mol

Explanation:

At constant temperature and pressure, you cand define the change in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, as:

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Where ΔH is enthalpy, T absolute temperature and ΔS change in entropy.

Replacing (25°C = 273 + 25 = 298K; 25.45kJ/mol = 25450J/mol):

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

ΔG = 25450J/mol - 298K×108.7J/molK

ΔG = -6942.6J/mol

Right solution is:

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which links a substance's vapour pressure to its temperature. Therefore, the liquid's heat of vaporisation is roughly 45.56 kJ/mol.

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation, which connects the change in vapour pressure to the change in temperature and the heat of vaporisation, can be used to address this issue: Hvap/R(1/T1 - 1/T2) is equal to ln(P2/P1). When the temperature rises from 22.4°C (295.55 K) to 30.7°C, the liquid's vapour pressure increases by a factor of three (303.85 K). P2/P1 = 3 T1 = 295.55 K T2 = 303.85 K is the result.

The Clausius-Clapeyron equation can be solved for by substituting these values and getting the answer: ln(3) = Hvap/R(1/295.55 - 1/303.85).

ΔHvap = -R(1/295.55 - 1/303.85)

ln(3)

Applying the gas constant R = 8.314 J/(mol K), the following equation is obtained: Hvap = -8.314 J/(mol K) (1/295.55 K - 1/303.85 K) ln (3)

Hvap equals -40.71 J/mol.

We divide this amount by 1000 to get kJ/mol:

ΔHvap = -0.0407kJ/mol

As a result, the liquid's heat of vaporisation is 0.0407 kJ/mol.

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Answer: Hope This Helps

Explanation:

1:  The nephrons contain a filter called the glomerulus. The fluid that is filtered  from the blood then travels down through a tubule. The tubule adjusts the level of wastes that will leave the body in the urine.

(I dont know the second part so hope this half answer helps a little bit. Sorry.)

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✍ 1. ➺ Nephrons have filters known as glomerulus (they are a cluster of very thin-walled blood capillaries). Glomerulus filters our blood & then removes any unwanted waste materials. Now, this filtrate which is removed out from the blood gets collected & filtered again in the Bowman's Capsule & tubules from where nephrons remove glucose, amino acids & a major amount of water. The urine forming in each kidney now enters a long tube (ureter) where urine passes & gets stored in the urinary bladder. Urine gets passed out of the body through the urethra.

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✐ 2. i) Property of metals ⎆ Good conduction of heat.

ii) Property of metals ⎆ Good conduction of electricity & ductility.

iii) Property of metals ⎆ Malleability & ductility.

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Answer:

What I think it is it's.. 3?

Answer:

I disagree, because earth rotation on its axis causes day and night, on the other hand the its revolution on the orbit around the sun causes seasons. One Rotation would means one day has completed, and one revolution would mean that one year has completed. Therefore, it's obvious that Earth's revolution takes longer than the rotation.

I hope that helps...

The minimum resolution to separate these wavelengths is 250nm as they are located near 255n and 0.03nm.

Resolution also known as optical resolution or chiral resolution, or chiral activity refers to the activeness of the compound. It is the process in which two racemic mixtures are separated into its components.

    Wavelength is known as the distance between two repeated waves of light. Wavelength is denoted by the symbol lambda (λ). It gives us the idea of the speed or pace of a particular light.

    In the given condition, two absorption peaks - absorption spectroscopy is the absorption spectrum between which the light releases protons. Therefore, the wavelength to separate these two absorption peaks is 250nm in minimum.

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