How many molecules of water are used to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?.

The highest ionization energy of alkaline earth metal is calcium. Therefore, option (A) is correct.

The ionization energy can be described as the minimum energy that an electron has to absorb to come out of the effect of the nucleus of a gaseous atom or ion.

It tells about the reactivity of chemical compounds and determines the strength of chemical bonds. The units of ionization energy are electronvolts or kJ/mol.

Ionization energy measures the difficulty in removing an electron from an atom or ion and the loss of electron occurs in the ground state of the chemical species.

According to the general configuration of alkaline earth metals, they contain two electrons in their valence shell. The atomic size of alkaline earth metals increases as we move down the group. The electronegativity and effective nuclear charge of alkaline earth metals decrease.

The electron can easily be lost from the atom as we move down the group. Therefore, calcium present at the top of the group has the highest ionization energy.

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To balance the chemical equation PC15 + H2O → H3PO4 + HCl using linear algebra technique, we can set up an augmented matrix and solve the system of equations. Here's the step-by-step process:

Create a matrix or put it in vector form by assigning variables to P, Cl, H, O: Let's assign:

P = x (coefficient for PCl5)

Cl = y (coefficient for HCl)

H = z (coefficient for H3PO4)

O = w (coefficient for H2O)

The equation becomes: xPCl5 + yH2O → zH3PO4 + wHCl Set up the equation in matrix form:

| PCl5 | + | H2O | = | H3PO4 | + | HCl |

| 1 | + | 0 | = | 0 | + | 0 |

| 0 | + | 2 | = | 0 | + | 0 |

| 0 | + | 0 | = | 1 | + | -1 |

| 0 | + | 0 | = | 0 | + | 24 |

This gives us the augmented matrix form:

| 1 0 0 0 0 |

| 0 1 2 0 0 |

| 0 0 0 1 -1 |

| 0 0 0 0 24 |

Solve the system using row operations: Performing row operations to simplify the augmented matrix:

R2 = R2 - 2R1

R4 = R4 / 24

The simplified augmented matrix becomes:

| 1 0 0 0 0 |

| 0 1 0 0 0 |

| 0 0 0 1 -1 |

| 0 0 0 0 1 |

From the simplified matrix, we can assign values to the variables:

P = 0

Cl = 0

H = 0

O = 0

This implies that the coefficients for PCl5, H2O, H3PO4, and HCl are all zero. Enter the coefficients into the chemical equation: The balanced chemical equation is:

0PCl5 + 0H2O → 0H3PO4 + 0HCl

Therefore, the balanced equation is: PCl5 + H2O → H3PO4 + HCl (unbalanced)

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Group 1: 1+

Group 2: 2+

Group 13: 3+

The charges of the ions are dependent on the number of valence electrons.

Valence Electrons

Group 1 has 1 valence electron, group 2 has 2, and group 13 has 3. It is important to remember that elements will attempt to have a full valence shell. They may either attempt to lose all of their valence electrons or fill the energy level with 8 electrons.

Since all of these groups have less than 4 valence electrons, they will attempt to lose their valence electrons.

Determining Charges

When atoms lose electrons, they gain a positive charge. Since all of these elements will lose electrons, all of the ions will be positive, also known as a cation.

The positive charge of an element is equal to the number of electrons the atom loses. This means that group 1 will have a 1+ charge because it loses 1 electron. Continue this pattern to determine that group 2 will have a 2+ charge and group 13 will have a 3+ charge.

2.35 x 10²⁰ atoms are present in a 27.2 mg sample of Gallium.

The total atomic mass of all the atoms that make up a molecule is calculated using a scale where the atomic masses of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen are 1, 12, 14, and 16, respectively. For instance, the molecular mass of water, which consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, is 18 (2 + 16).

moles of Gallium = mass of sample / molar mass of Gallium

moles of Gallium = 27.2 mg / 69.72 g/mol

moles of Gallium = 0.0003906 mol

The number of atoms can be determined using Avogadro's number:

number of atoms = moles of Ga x Avogadro's number

number of atoms = 0.0003906 mol x 6.022 x 10²³ atoms/mol

number of atoms = 2.35 x 10²⁰ atoms

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An element can have multiple isotopes. Isotopes correspond to variations of the same element with respect to the number of neutrons in its nucleus. the number they give us, 35 and 37 correspond to the mass number of chlorine. The percentage will be how abundant the element is.

To find the average atomic mass we must multiply the mass of the isotope by its respective percentage of abundance and add these two results.

So, the average atomic mass of Cl will be:

Answer: the average atomic mass of chlorine is 35.454 amu

The bonds in each compound can be identified as polar or nonpolar using the electronegativity values of the elements. The electronegativity values can be found in this table.

For nonpolar bonds, the difference in the electronegativity values of the two elements in the bond is 0. For example, the bond between two Carbon atoms would be nonpolar.

For polar bonds, the difference in the electronegativity values of the two elements in the bond is not 0. For example, the bond between an Oxygen and a Fluorine atom would be polar.

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Answer:

Niel Bohr's planetary model proposed that electrons moved around the nucleus in orbits of fixed sizes.

Answer:

The reason is carbon's ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself. 

Explanation:

This property allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules. In fact, there are nearly 10 million carbon-based compounds in living things!

Answer:

Explanation:

The reason is that carbon is able to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself, which allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules.

Answer:

It's the 4th one. The car is accelerating gradually.

Answer:

no

Explanation:

it means melting or fusion so yhe answer is no

A substance changes from a solid to a liquid no its is not the formation of new substance. It is the change of state of the matter.

The states of matter can be defined as one of the several configurations in which matter can exist.

There are basically three states of matter.

Thus, a  substance changes from a solid to a liquid no its is not the formation of new substance. It is the change of state of the matter.

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The activation energy for a reaction that increases by a factor of 10 when the temperature is increased from 300K to 335K is approximately 57.1 kJ/mol.

This can be calculated using the Arrhenius equation, which states that the reaction rate is proportional to the exponential of the activation energy divided by the absolute temperature. The equation used to calculate the activation energy is:

Where R is the ideal gas constant, T is the absolute temperature, k1 is the reaction rate at 300K, and k2 is the reaction rate at 335K.

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When 45.0 mL of a 1.90 M H₂SO₄ solution is added to 95.0 mL of 0.600 M H₂SO₄the molarity of the resulting solution is 0.95 M.

To answer the question, we need to know what molarity is.

Molarity is the number of moles per unit volume with volume in liters.

To find the molarity of the resulting solution, we need to find the number of moles in each solution.

Number of moles, n = MV where

Given that we have 45.0 mL of a 1.90 M H₂SO₄ solution.

M' = 1.90 M and V' = 45.0 mL = 0.045 L

So, n' = M'V'

= 1.90 M × 0.045 L

= 0.0855 mol

Given that we have 95.0 mL of 0.600 M H₂SO₄ solution.

M" = 0.600 M and V" = 95.0 mL = 0.095 L

So, n" = M"V"

= 0.600 M × 0.095 L

= 0.057 mol

The number of moles in the resulting solution is n'" = n' + n"

= 0.0855 mol + 0.057 mol

= 0.1425 mol

The volume of the resulting solution is V"' = V' + V"

= 45.0 mL + 95.0 mL

= 150.0 mL

= 0.15 L

The molarity of the resulting solution is M'" = n"'/V"'

= 0.1425 mol/0.15 L

= 0.95 mol/L

= 0.95 M

So, the molarity of the resulting solution is 0.95 M.

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The correct answer is A. Smaller sizes are better able to stabilize the negative charge, which makes the halogens further down the periodic table better leaving groups.

Smaller atoms have higher effective nuclear charges, meaning that their valence electrons are held more tightly by the nucleus.

This results in a smaller atomic radius and a higher electronegativity. When a halogen leaves a molecule, it takes with it a pair of electrons, leaving behind a negative charge. The smaller size of the halogen allows it to better stabilize this negative charge by pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus, making it a better leaving group.

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The solid commonly used as an inactive electrode in electrochemical cells is Graphite. So option b is the correct answer.

Graphite is often chosen as an electrode material because it is chemically inert, highly conductive, and has a stable structure. This makes it suitable for various electrochemical applications without affecting the overall cell reactions.

An inactive electrode, also known as an inert electrode, is an electrode that does not participate in the chemical reaction occurring in the cell but serves as a conductor for the flow of electrons.

The graphite working electrode, which can be employed as an anode or a cathode in various electrochemical applications, is renowned for its chemical stability, superior electrical conductivity, and high melting point.

So the correct answer is option b. Graphite.

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Answer:

Explanation:

-

Hello there, I hope you are having a great day Your Question: Which is not an advantage of sexual reproduction? Would be A Diverse Offspring because some could be got to the mother or father carry are mixed together in the offspring.

Answer:

Water is a remarkable substance, and its unique properties are largely due to the presence of polar covalent bonds and hydrogen bonds in its structure. These characteristics play a crucial role in the physical and chemical properties of water, making it essential for life as we know it.

Explanation:

The polar covalent bonds in water arise from the unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen atoms. This results in the oxygen atom having a partial negative charge (δ-) and the hydrogen atoms having partial positive charges (δ+). These charges create polarity within the water molecule, leading to the formation of hydrogen bonds.

Hydrogen bonds occur when the partially positive hydrogen atom of one water molecule is attracted to the partially negative oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are relatively weak individually, but when present in large numbers, they contribute to the cohesion, surface tension, and high boiling point of water.

The importance of these bonds is manifold. The cohesion between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding enables water to form droplets, have a high surface tension, and flow freely, facilitating transport within organisms and in the environment. Additionally, hydrogen bonding leads to the high specific heat capacity and heat of vaporization of water, making it an effective regulator of temperature in living organisms and ensuring stable environmental conditions.

Furthermore, hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in the unique properties of water as a solvent. The polar nature of water allows it to dissolve a wide range of substances, including ionic compounds and polar molecules, facilitating various biological processes such as nutrient transport and chemical reactions in cells.

To answer this question, we need to use the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between hydrogen gas and oxygen gas to form water. The balanced equation is: 2\(H_{2}\) + \(O_{2}\) → 2\(H_{2} O\)

This equation tells us that for every 2 moles of hydrogen gas that react, we need 1 mole of oxygen gas. Therefore, if we have 0.734 mol of oxygen gas available, we would need: (0.734 mol \(O_{2}\)) / (1 mol \(O_{2}\)/ 2 mol \(H_{2}\)) = 1.468 mol \(H_{2}\). So, the answer is 1.47 mol \(H_{2}\). This is because we need twice as many moles of hydrogen gas as oxygen gas to react completely. If we had less than 1.468 mol of hydrogen gas available, we would not be able to use all of the oxygen gas in the reaction, and there would be some oxygen gas left over. In this scenario, a chemist is combining hydrogen gas (\(H_{2}\)) and oxygen gas (\(O_{2}\)) in a reaction vessel to form water. To determine the moles of H2 used, we need to understand the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: 2\(H_{2}\) + \(O_{2}\)→ 2\(H_{2}O\).

From the balanced equation, we can see that 2 moles of \(H_{2}\) are required to react with 1 mole of \(O_{2}\) to produce 2 moles of water. Since there are 0.734 moles of \(O_{2}\) available in the reaction vessel, we can use stoichiometry to calculate the moles of \(H_{2}\) needed for the reaction. (0.734 moles \(O_{2}\)) * (2 moles \(H_{2}\) / 1 mole \(O_{2}\)) = 1.468 moles \(H_{2}\). Rounding this value to two decimal places, we have 1.47 moles of \(H_{2}\) needed to react with the 0.734 moles of \(O_{2}\) present in the reaction vessel. Therefore, the correct answer is: 1.47 mol \(H_{2}\).

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Answer: Equilibrium

Explanation:

The reactions which do not go on completion and in which the reactant forms product and the products goes back to the reactants simultaneously are known as equilibrium reactions.

For a chemical equilibrium reaction, equilibrium state is achieved when the rate of forward reaction becomes equals to rate of the backward reaction which means the products are being made as quickly as reactants

Equilibrium state is the state when reactants and products are present but the concentrations does not change with time.

Answer:

monke

Explanation:

because my mum told me we are all monke

You can increase the thermal energy of a substance by heating it. When you apply heat, you are transferring energy from one source to another.

The state of matter of a substance is an extrinsic property, which means that its surroundings can alter it. The state of matter is influenced by physical factors like pressure and temperature. A substance’s temperature rises when thermal energy is applied, changing the substance’s state from solid to liquid (melting), liquid to gas (vaporization), or solid to gas (sublimation).

Sublimation is defined as the property of a substance when it directly converts to a gaseous state from a solid state. Condensation can occur when a substance is subjected to increasing pressure. It may evaporate as a result of a decrease in pressure. Decreased pressure can also cause some forms of rock to melt.

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Two precautions to avoid protonation or reaction with acidic compounds are ensuring anhydrous conditions and controlling pH and temperature.

To avoid the problem of protonation or reaction with acidic compounds like water, alcohols, and carboxylic acids during a specific reaction, two precautions that can be taken are:

1. Anhydrous conditions: One precaution is to ensure anhydrous conditions, meaning that any water or moisture is removed or excluded from the reaction environment. This can be achieved by using drying agents such as molecular sieves, desiccants, or using techniques like vacuum or inert gas purging. By keeping the reaction environment dry, the presence of water is minimized, reducing the chances of unwanted protonation or reaction with acidic compounds.

2. Controlled pH and temperature: Another precaution is to carefully control the pH and temperature of the reaction. By maintaining the reaction at a specific pH range and temperature, the reactivity of acidic compounds can be minimized. This can involve using suitable buffers or adjusting the pH with weak bases to maintain a less acidic environment. Additionally, controlling the temperature within a suitable range can help avoid excessive protonation or reaction with acidic compounds.

By implementing these precautions, it is possible to minimize the unwanted protonation or reaction with acidic compounds, allowing for a more controlled and specific reaction.

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Answer:

\(\boxed{\sf{view \ explanation}}\)

Explanation:

Compound definition:

A compound is a chemical substance formed by two or more chemically bonded elements.

Three compounds:

Water is a compound with the formula \(\sf H_2O\).

Two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom is present in one molecule of water.

Sodium chloride or table salt is a compound with the formula \(\sf NaCl\).

One sodium atom and one chlorine atom is present in one molecule of sodium chloride.

Ammonia is a compound with the formula \(\sf NH_3\).

In one molecule of ammonia, one nitrogen atom and three hydrogen atoms are present.

Answer:

See below

Explanation:

Three compounds are:

1) \(\mathrm {H_{2}SO{4}}\) [Sulfuric acid]

The elements in this compound are hydrogen (H) , Sulfur (S) and Oxygen (O).

2) \(\mathrm {NaOH}\) [Sodium hydroxide]

The elements in this compound are Sodium (Na) , Oxygen (O) and Hydrogen (H).

3) \(\mathrm {HCl}\) [Hydrochloric acid]

The elements are Hydrogen (H) and Chlorine (Cl).

Properties of matter can be used to identify unknown substances in the following ways:

Density, Boiling point, Melting point, Solubility, Spectroscopy, Physical state, and Chemical reaction.

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance transforms from a liquid to a gas.

Boiling causes the liquid to turn into gas, which is a phase transition.

Depending on the atmospheric pressure around it, a substance's boiling point will fluctuate.

Boiling point is a vital physical characteristic that is used in numerous industrial and laboratory procedures.

A substance's standard boiling point is defined as the temperature at which it becomes boiling at 1 atmosphere (101.3 kPa) of pressure.

When comparing liquids with comparable qualities, the boiling point can be used as a guide.

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Answer:

6.48 moles

Explanation:

One mole of a substance is equal to 6.022*10^23 particles which is called Avagadro's number.

6.022*10^23 = 1 mole

3.90*10^24 = x moles

x = (3.90*10^24*1) / (6.022*10^23) = 6.48 moles

There is no mention of Mary experiencing side effects from the medication that directly caused her death.  

Side effects from medication can vary from person to person, and in some cases, they can be severe or even life-threatening. It is crucial to consult with a healthcare professional or refer to medical records for accurate information regarding any potential side effects that Mary may have experienced.

Additionally, adverse reactions to medication can occur but may not necessarily lead to death. To fully assess the situation, it is best to consult a medical expert who has access to all relevant information about Mary's case.

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Answer:

a) Equilibrium shifts in forward direction.

Explanation:

If pressure is increased, equilibrium shifts to the side with the fewer moles of gas.

There are 4 moles of gas in the reactants and 2 moles of gas in the products.

The equilibrium will shift in the forward direction towards the products.

Hope that helps.

Answer:

A

Explanation:

A. 3 Mg + 2 AlCl3 --> 3 MgCl2 + 2 Al would not occur as written due to the Activity Series of Metals

The Activity Series of Metals is a list of metals in order of decreasing reactivity. The most reactive metals are at the top of the list and the least reactive metals are at the bottom. The metal that is considered the least active in the Activity Series of Metals is gold. Gold is a very unreactive metal, meaning that it does not easily form compounds with other elements or react with other substances. This is why gold is often used in jewelry and other decorative items, as it does not tarnish or corrode easily. Other metals that are considered to be relatively unreactive and are also located towards the bottom of the activity series include platinum and silver.

It is worth noting that the activity series of metals is not a definitive and absolute list. It is based on a specific set of conditions, such as the presence of a certain solvent or the concentration of certain ions, and the activity of the metals may change in different environments.

Additionally, the activity series can be useful to predict the outcome of displacement reactions, in which a more active metal can displace a less active metal from a compound. For example, zinc, a more active metal than copper, can displace copper ions from a copper sulfate solution to form zinc sulfate and copper metal.

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Okay, let's solve this step-by-step without using quadratics:

1) The equilibrium constant Kc = 0.36 means the equilibrium lies to the left. So there will be more N2O4 than NO2 at equilibrium.

2) The initial concentration of N2O4 is 0.1 mol dm^-3. Let's call this [N2O4]initial.

3) At equilibrium, the concentrations of N2O4 and NO2 will be [N2O4]equil and [NO2]equil respectively.

4) We know the equilibrium constant expression for this reaction is:

Kc = ([NO2]equil)^2 / [N2O4]equil

5) Setting this equal to 0.36 and plugging in 0.1 for [N2O4]initial, we get:

0.36 = ([NO2]equil)^2 / (0.1 - [NO2]equil)

6) Simplifying, we get:

0.036 = [NO2]equil^2

7) Taking the square root of both sides, we get:

[NO2]equil = 0.06 mol dm^-3

So the equilibrium concentration of NO2 is 0.06 mol dm^-3.

Let me know if you have any other questions! I can also provide a more step-by-step explanation if needed.