How does the Crystal Field Stabilization Energy (CFSE) vary across a period in the periodic table?

Answer:

Carbon Dioxide

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide gets turned into oxygen

The number of moles of the aluminum oxide that is produced is 4.5 moles.

We have to look at the stoichiometry of the reaction. In this case, we can see that there is a combination between the aluminum and the oxygen and then we have a product as have been shown in the equation that we have in the question.

From the equation, we know that;

4 moles of oxygen produces 2 moles of aluminum oxide

9 moles of oxygen produces x moles of aluminum oxide

x = 9 * 2/4

x = 4.5 moles

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Answer: its actually 4

Explanation:

Answer:

The molecular geometry would be linear

Explanation:

Carbon Dioxide has 2 electron domains which would result in a linear geometry, they're not bent because they the lone pairs of electrons are pretty far from each other

This should be a diagram of their structure (Sorry for the terrible drawing skills was in a hurry)

Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. Light energy is a form of radiant energy that is visible to the human eye.

Radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic waves. These waves can travel through space. Electromagnetic radiation is made up of tiny particles called photons – think of them as little packets of energy. Light energy is a form of radiant energy that is visible to the human eye.

Answer:

Non point source pollution

Explanation:

Point source pollution is when any contaminant enter the environment from an easily from an easily identified and confined place.

Non point source pollution is pollutants released in a wide space. Including oil, grease, and toxic chemicals.  

Answer:

To determine the formula of the hydrate, you need to calculate the ratio of water to the salt (CaCl2) in the hydrate. You can do this by dividing the mass of water by the mass of the salt and then determining the simplest whole number ratio that represents this value.

1.081 g H2O / 1.110 g CaCl2 = 0.970

Since the ratio is close to 1:1, we can assume that the formula of the hydrate is CaCl2 * H2O, with one mole of water for every mole of CaCl2. So the formula of the hydrate would be CaCl2.H2O.

Answer:

Explanation:

To determine the formula of a hydrate, we need to calculate the number of moles of calcium chloride and water in the sample, and then use the mole ratios to determine the empirical formula of the hydrate.

First, we'll calculate the number of moles of calcium chloride:

1.110 g CaCl2 / (110.98 g/mol) = 0.01 moles CaCl2

Next, we'll calculate the number of moles of water:

1.081 g H2O / (18.015 g/mol) = 0.06 moles H2O

Now that we have the number of moles of each component, we can determine the mole ratio of calcium chloride to water:

0.01 moles CaCl2 / 0.06 moles H2O = 1/6

This means that for every 6 moles of water, there is 1 mole of calcium chloride. Based on this information, the empirical formula of the hydrate can be written as CaCl2 · 6H2O.

Note that the empirical formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound and does not necessarily represent the true molecular formula, which may be a multiple of the empirical formula. To determine the true molecular formula, we would need additional information, such as the molecular weight of the compound.

When crystals form slowly, they have more time to arrange themselves in an organized and uniform structure. As a result, impurities are more likely to be excluded from the crystal lattice, leading to a higher purity. In contrast, if crystals form quickly, there is not enough time for the impurities to be fully excluded, resulting in a less pure crystal. Therefore, the slower the crystals form, the more time they have to create a regular lattice structure and exclude impurities, leading to a higher level of purity.
Hi! When crystals form slowly, they are more likely to be pure because the slow crystallization process allows for more orderly and precise arrangement of atoms and molecules. This results in fewer impurities being trapped within the crystal structure, leading to higher purity.

When crystals form, they come together in a regular, repeating pattern, creating a solid structure. The speed at which this process occurs is dependent on various factors, including temperature, concentration, and the properties of the solute and solvent involved.

When crystals form slowly, they have more time to arrange themselves in the most stable and energetically favorable configuration possible. This means that the resulting crystal structure is more ordered and less likely to contain impurities or defects.

On the other hand, if crystals form quickly, they may not have enough time to fully establish this optimal configuration, leading to a less pure final product. Additionally, rapid crystallization can create stress within the crystal structure, causing defects such as dislocations or twinning, which can further compromise its purity.

Overall, the rate at which crystals form plays a crucial role in determining their purity. Slow crystallization allows for a more perfect alignment of atoms or molecules, resulting in a more perfect crystal lattice and a more pure final product.

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Answer:

1:loses or gains energy

Answer:

The electronic configuration of ions formed are:

Li+ (2) => 1s2

Cl- (18) => 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

Explanation:

Lithium metal, Li will lose 1 electron to lithium ion Li+. Chlorine atom, Cl will receive the 1 electron to form the chloride ion Cl- as shown by the following equation below:

Li —> Li+ + e

Cl+ e —> Cl-

Combine both equation

Li + Cl + e —> Li+ + Cl- + e

Cancel out 'e'

Li + Cl —> Li+ Cl-

Thus, we can write the electronic configuration for the reaction as follow:

Before reaction:

Li (3) => 1s2 2s1

Cl (17) => 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5

After reaction

Li+ (2) => 1s2

Cl- (18) => 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

Therefore, the electronic configuration of the ions formed are:

Li+ (2) => 1s2

Cl- (18) => 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6

The given question is incomplete. The complete question is:

Calculate the number of moles and the mass of the solute in each of the following solution: 100.0 mL of 3.8 × 10−5 M NaCN, the minimum lethal concentration of sodium cyanide in blood serum

Answer: The number of moles and the mass of the solute are \(0.38\times 10^{-5}\) and \(18.62\times 10^{-5}g\) respectively

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of the solution.

\(Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}\)

where,

n = moles of solute

\(V_s\) = volume of solution in ml

\(3.8\times 10^{-5}M=\frac{n\times 1000}{100.0}\)

\(n=0.38\times 10^{-5}\)

n = moles of \(NaCN\) = \(\frac{\text {given mass}}{\text {Molar mass}}\)

\(0.38\times 10^{-5}=\frac{x}{49g/mol}\)

\(x=18.62\times 10^{-5}g\)

Thus the number of moles and the mass of the solute are \(0.38\times 10^{-5}\) and \(18.62\times 10^{-5}g\) respectively

4.8 g of carbon dioxide is formed and No calcium carbonate is left when the reaction is completed statements are correct.

CaCO3 has a molar mass of 40+12+316.

CaCO3 has a molar mass of 100 g/mol.

CaCl2 has a molar mass of 40 + 235.5.

CaCl2 has a molar mass of 111 g/mol.

100 g of CaCO3 and 111 g of CaCl2 are produced per mole.

Assume that x g of CaCl2 is created for every 10 g of CaCO3.

Therefore,

CO2 has a molar mass of 12 + 162.

CO2 has a molar mass of 44 g.

100 g of CaCO3 yield 44 g of CO2 per mole, or one mole.

Assume 10 g of CaCO3 results in y g of CO2.

Therefore,

y = 4.8 g 4.8 g of CO2 are created, meaning that one statement is false and three are true.

So we can say that the option D is correct . When the reaction is finished, the assertions that read "4.8 g of carbon dioxide is produced" and "No calcium carbonate is left" are true.

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The true statements regarding the second-law analysis of vapor-compression refrigeration cycles are:

- Exergy destruction in a component can be determined directly from the exergy balance equation.
- The second-law efficiency is equal to the ratio of actual and maximum COPs for the refrigeration cycle.
- For the condenser, if the temperatures of the high-temperature medium and the environment are the same, then recoverable exergy is zero.
- COPR is inversely proportional to the temperature difference TH - TL for both ideal and actual refrigeration cycles.

However, actual refrigeration cycles cannot be as efficient as ideal ones like the Carnot cycle due to irreversibilities and exergy destruction in the components.

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Answer:

respiration

Explanation:

respiration means break down of food for production of energy

photosynthesis is the process by which plants produce there own food

To determine the energy of a photon required for an electronic transition from the n=2 state to the n=5 state in a hydrogen atom, we can use the formula for the energy of a photon:

E = ΔE = hc/λ

Where:

- E is the energy of the photon

- ΔE is the change in energy between the initial and final states

- h is Planck's constant (approximately 6.626 x 10^-34 joule-seconds)

- c is the speed of light (approximately 3 x 10^8 meters per second)

- λ is the wavelength of the photon

The energy difference between two energy levels in a hydrogen atom is given by the Rydberg formula:

ΔE = Rh * (1/n_f^2 - 1/n_i^2)

Where:

- ΔE is the change in energy

- Rh is the Rydberg constant (approximately 2.18 x 10^-18 joules)

- n_f is the final energy level (n=5 in this case)

- n_i is the initial energy level (n=2 in this case)

Substituting the values into the Rydberg formula:

ΔE = Rh * (1/5^2 - 1/2^2)

= Rh * (1/25 - 1/4)

= Rh * (4/100 - 25/100)

= Rh * (-21/100)

≈ -0.0218 * Rh

Now, we can substitute this change in energy value into the energy formula for the photon:

E = hc/λ = -0.0218 * Rh

Rearranging the equation to solve for λ:

λ = hc / E

Substituting the values for h, c, and E:

λ = (6.626 x 10^-34 joule-seconds * 3 x 10^8 meters per second) / (-0.0218 * Rh)

Calculating this expression will give us the wavelength of the photon required for the electronic transition.

Answer and Explanation:

In an electric field generated between two electrodes there is a separation of charges: a negatively charged electrode called cathode and a positively charged electrode called anode. Ions are charged particles, so they can be positive or negative charges. Opposite charges attract each other. So, the cathode - negatively charged - attracts positively charged particles. On the other hand, the anode - positively charged - attracts negatively charged particles.

Therefore, positive ions move towards the cathode and negative ions move towards the anode.

25.14 mL of 1.420 M NaOH solution is needed to titrate 25.00 mL of a 1.500 M H₃PO₄ solution.

Titration is a laboratory technique used to determine the concentration of a solution (the analyte) by reacting it with a solution of known concentration (the titrant). The goal of titration is to add the titrant to the analyte until the reaction is complete, at which point the concentration of the analyte can be calculated from the volume and concentration of the titrant used.

To determine the volume of NaOH solution required to titrate the given solutions, we can use the following equation:

M(acid) x V(acid) = M(base) x V(base)

where V represents volume and M represents molarity.

(a) To titrate 25.00 mL of a 2.430 M HCl solution with NaOH, we need to determine the volume of 1.420 M NaOH required to react completely with the HCl.

From the equation above, we can write:

2.430 M x 25.00 mL = 1.420 M x V(base)

V(base) = (2.430 M x 25.00 mL) / 1.420 M = 42.96 mL

Therefore, 42.96 mL of 1.420 M NaOH solution is needed to titrate 25.00 mL of a 2.430 M HCl solution.

(b) To titrate 25.00 mL of a 4.500 M H₂SO₄ solution with NaOH, we can use the same equation:

4.500 M x 25.00 mL = 1.420 M x V(base)

V(base) = (4.500 M x 25.00 mL) / 1.420 M = 79.58 mL

Therefore, 79.58 mL of 1.420 M NaOH solution is required to titrate 25.00 mL of a 4.500 M H₂SO₄ solution.

(c) To titrate 25.00 mL of a 1.500 M H₃PO₄ solution with NaOH, we use the same equation:

1.500 M x 25.00 mL = 1.420 M x V(base)

V(base) = (1.500 M x 25.00 mL) / 1.420 M = 25.14 mL

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In the experiment to measure the heat absorbed by a material placed in

the Sun, we have;

The possible experiment is with regards to the factors that influence energy from the Sun

The factors investigated are;

The type of material and the angle of lighting (insulation) affects the absorption of heat

The independent variable is the variable that is the cause of the effect

measured in the experiment.

It is the variable that the researcher has control over or controls and

varies during the experiment to produce the measured effect.

In the above experiment, the independent variable are either ;

The dependent variable is the variable that is under test or that is being measured.

The controlled variable is the variable that remains the same or is held

constant during the experiment and can be used as reference to

compare the dependent variable.

In the experiment, the controlled variable are either;

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Answer:

angle of light

temperature of material

type of material

Explanation:

E d g e 22 !

Answer:A

Explanation:

Answer:

m

Explanation:

Answer:

The method involves students exhaling air using a plastic straw into the over-titrated acid-base mixture, which turned pink-colored with phenolphthalein indicator.

Explanation :

To write the net ionic equation for the reaction, we first need to write the balanced molecular equation for the reaction. The balanced molecular equation for the reaction between potassium nitrite and hydrochloric acid can be written as follows:

KNO2(aq) + HCl(aq) → KCl(aq) + HNO2(aq)

Now, to write the net ionic equation, we need to eliminate the spectator ions. Spectator ions are the ions that remain unchanged throughout the reaction.

In this case, the spectator ions are K+ and Cl-.

Thus, the net ionic equation for the reaction between potassium nitrite and hydrochloric acid can be written as follows:

NO2- (aq) + H+ (aq) → NO2H (aq)

The balanced ionic equation for the reaction can be written as follows:

K+ (aq) + NO2- (aq) + H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) → K+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) + NO2H (aq)

Therefore, the net ionic equation for the reaction is NO2- (aq) + H+ (aq) → NO2H (aq).

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The rate constant (k) for the given reaction is 0.3695 mol⁻².L².s⁻¹.

The correct option for the second question is enthalpy of reaction.

Reaction is a process where reactants undergo a transformation and lead to the formation of products. The factors that affect the kinetics of a reaction are temperature, catalyst, concentration, surface area and pressure. Out of these, enthalpy of reaction is not a factor affecting the kinetics of a reaction.

A given reaction is first order with respect to A and second order with respect to B. The rate law for the reaction is given as-

Rate = k[A][B]²

Given data- [A] = 0.6892 mol; [B] = 0.8342 mol; rate = 0.1952 M/s

We know that, for any chemical reaction, the rate constant (k) is the proportionality constant between the rate of the reaction and the concentrations of the reactants. Using the given values, we can substitute them in the rate law and calculate the value of the rate constant (k).0.1952 M/s = k (0.6892 M) (0.8342 M)²k = 0.3695 mol⁻².L².s⁻¹

Therefore, the rate constant (k) is 0.3695 mol⁻².L².s⁻¹.

The correct option is enthalpy of reaction.

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The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L and the pressure is 173 atm.

Part 1.

Sample volume =2.60 L

Pressure =2.20 atm

Volume=?

As per Boyle's law,

P1V1=P2V2

2.20 ATM*2.60 L=6.3 atm * V2

V2=0.308 L

The volume at 6.30 atm is 0908 L.

Part 2.

Volume=0.0330 L

Pressure=?

As per Boyle's law,

P1V1=P2V2

2.2 atm*2.6 L=P2*0.330 L

P2=173 atm

The pressure is 173 atm.

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Catalysts, such as the minerals deposited on hydrothermal vent walls, bring reactants together and increase the speed of the reactions without providing energy.

We can define catalysts as substances that increase the speed of a reaction. The catalysts themselves remain unchanged in a chemical reaction and work by lowering the temperature, pressure and energy levels.

Without a catalyst, a chemical reaction will take a long time to occur.

The rate of a reaction increases using a catalyst for the reaction. Some of the minerals that act as catalyst in hydrothermal vents are iron, nickel and sulfide minerals.

The oxides of most metals acts as catalysts. Inside the body of organisms, enzymes act as biological catalysts.

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because all organic compounds have in common the presence of carbon atoms and hydrogen atoms.

A. The stoichiometry of the balanced equation should be used to calculate the amount of product NO. We can conclude from this equation that 1 mole of nitrogen reacts to produce 2 moles of NO. Therefore, if 10 liters of nitrogen is completely reacted, 20 liters of nitrogen gas will be evolved.

B. The mole ratio from the balanced equation can be used to determine how many liters of nitrogen can react with four moles of oxygen at STP (standard temperature and pressure).

According to the equation, 1 mole of nitrogen and 1 mole of oxygen combine to form 2 moles of NO. So four moles of oxygen would require four moles of nitrogen. 4 moles of oxygen would require 4 * 22.4 = 89.6 liters of nitrogen because 1 mole of any ideal gas takes up 22.4 liters at STP.

C. To calculate the amount of NO formed from 32 g of oxygen at STP, we must convert the mass of oxygen into moles. The molar mass of oxygen (O2) is about 32 g/mol. Consequently, 1 mole of oxygen is equal to 32 grams. 1 mole of oxygen reacts to produce 2 moles of NO in the balanced form of the equation. Therefore, 32 grams of oxygen will result in 2 moles of NO. Noting that 2 moles of NO will take up 2 * 22.4 = 44.8 liters at STP, where 1 mole of any ideal petrol takes up 22.4 liters.

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CBr₄ has no net dipole moment.

Net dipole moment is the total sum of the bond moments in a molecule. It is a measure of the polarity of a molecule. In other words, the dipole moment of a molecule indicates the direction and magnitude of its polarity. A molecule has no net dipole moment when it is nonpolar.

This happens when the dipole moments of its polar bonds cancel each other out. There are various types of molecules, including linear, bent, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and pyramidal. These molecules can be polar or nonpolar, depending on their geometrical structure and bond polarity.

CBr₄ has a tetrahedral shape, with four Bromine atoms and a Carbon atom at the vertices of the tetrahedron. The C-Br bonds are polar because Bromine is more electronegative than Carbon. However, the four C-Br bond dipoles are arranged in a tetrahedral structure, such that they cancel out each other. Thus, CBr₄ has no net dipole moment.

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