The structure of muscle cells relates to its function in a way that the cells are equipped with specialized proteins that are required for contracting and relaxing the muscle cells. The cells contract and relax in response to nerve impulses and release of specific hormones.
These processes enable the body to perform movements and other functions, such as breathing and digestion. Muscle cells are elongated and contain several specialized structures that facilitate the functions of these cells. These cells are composed of myofibrils that are made of repeating units of proteins called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are made of two types of filaments, thin filaments that are composed of the protein actin, and thick filaments that are made of the protein myosin. The actin filaments are anchored to the Z-discs, which are the borders of the sarcomeres. During muscle contraction, the myosin heads bind to the actin filaments and pull them toward the center of the sarcomere, which causes the sarcomeres to shorten. This process results in the contraction of the entire muscle cell.
Another specialized structure of muscle cells is the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The SR is a modified endoplasmic reticulum that is involved in the regulation of muscle cell contraction. The SR releases calcium ions into the cytoplasm of the cell, which causes the myosin heads to bind to the actin filaments and initiate muscle contraction. The SR also reabsorbs the calcium ions, which allows the muscle cell to relax. The amount of calcium ions released by the SR determines the strength and duration of muscle contraction.Muscle cells are also equipped with specialized junctions called neuromuscular junctions. These junctions enable muscle cells to receive signals from the nervous system and initiate muscle contraction. When a nerve impulse arrives at the neuromuscular junction, it causes the release of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which binds to receptors on the muscle cell surface. This binding causes a series of events that lead to the release of calcium ions from the SR and muscle contraction.
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100 points
ROUND TO Thousandths place (3 places past decimal point.)
A hypothetical population of 10,000 humans has 7770 individuals with the blood type AA, 1980 individuals with blood type AB and 250 individuals with the blood type BB.
What is the frequency of the AA genotype in this population? Answer
What is the frequency of the AB genotype in the population? Answer
What is the frequency of the BB genotype in the population? Answer
What is the frequency of the B allele? Answer
What is the frequency of the A allele?
Answer:
Thats ezy
Explanation:
so fist you add fifa 22 mobile
then you have 21 savage
but wait if you can say it why you can't say it now?????
so that how you get
BBC from a SBC from fifa 22 and maybe BB
A pig breeder wants to select for two traits: Weight and Feed intake. They have decided that they wish to increase weight whilst reducing feed intake. Both traits have the same heritability (0.3) and the same phenotypic standard deviation (2 units). The genetic correlation is 0.40 and the phenotypic correlation 0.30. The breeder has calculated the economic value on the two traits of +2 for weight and -0.5 for feed intake.
A selection index based on own performance is calculated and used to predict response to selection in one generation, which is 1.05 Kg for Weight and 0.25 Kg for Feed intake. The breeder has asked you a series of questions regarding the results.
A. What is a selection index used for in animal breeding?
B. What is the difference between economic values and predicted response? C. Are the economic weights appropriate for the breeder’s goal? Explain why the response for feed intake is positive.
D. Explain how an index could be designed such that there was no response for feed intake.
The selection index based on own performance is a useful tool for evaluating the potential response to selection for multiple traits.
A) A selection index is a technique used in animal breeding to identify the best breeding animals based on a selection of traits. This index is used to estimate the breeding value of an animal in a breeding program.
B) Economic values are used to assign relative economic importance to different traits in a breeding program. The predicted response, on the other hand, is the expected improvement in a trait due to selection for that trait. It is calculated by multiplying the selection differential by the heritability.
C) The economic weights are appropriate for the breeder’s goal since they reflect the breeder’s desire to increase weight while decreasing feed intake. A positive response for feed intake may be due to the genetic correlation between the two traits. Since the genetic correlation between weight and feed intake is positive, selection for weight will indirectly lead to an increase in feed intake.
D) To design an index such that there was no response for feed intake, the index would need to be designed so that it only selects animals based on their weight and not their feed intake. This would involve assigning a weight of zero to feed intake in the selection index. This would mean that only animals with the highest weight would be selected, regardless of their feed intake.
However, the economic weights used in the index should be appropriate for the breeder’s goal in order to maximize the desired response. In this case, the positive response for weight suggests that the economic weights used are appropriate, but the negative response for feed intake suggests that a different design may be necessary to achieve the breeder’s goal of increasing weight while reducing feed intake.
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multicellular eukaryotes that live all over the planet and consume food is called
Animals are eukaryotic and multicellular, living everywhere on the globe and nourishing themselves. They are the most complex organisms known and have developed over millions of years to inhabit several different habitats.
Animals possess distinctive features such as the capacity to move, ingest and digest food, reproduce, and respond to external stimuli. Furthermore, they are able to learn and possess refined senses. Animals can be divided into two major categories: vertebrates and invertebrates, depending on whether or not they have a backbone. Vertebrates feature a backbone, while invertebrates don't.
Animals are pivotal to their environment, performing pollination, seed dispersal, and nutrient cycling, while also serving as a significant food source for humans. Additionally, they can be kept as pets, granting comfort and emotional support.
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To maintain constant body temperature in a cold environment, a homeothermic animal uses which of the following physiological mechanisms
In order to maintain a constant body temperature in a cold environment, a homeothermic animal uses the following physiological mechanisms; Shivering and Non-Shivering Thermogenesis. These mechanisms allow the animal's body to regulate its body temperature in order to maintain a healthy and constant internal temperature.
Homeothermic animals are able to maintain their body temperature regardless of the external temperature of their environment.
Body temperature regulation is crucial in homeothermic animals since it has a direct impact on their physiological and metabolic processes.
As a result, when exposed to a cold environment, these animals utilize physiological mechanisms to produce heat and warm their body in order to prevent a decrease in their core temperature and hypothermia.
Non-shivering thermogenesis mechanism, in general, is usually activated in brown adipose tissue (BAT) during cold exposure, where it is responsible for the conversion of energy stored as triglycerides into heat.
BAT thermogenesis in non-shivering thermogenesis relies on the activation of the hormone-adipose tissue axis that stimulates lipolysis and thermogenic gene expression in brown adipocytes.
In contrast, shivering thermogenesis mechanism increases metabolic rate and produces heat by increasing muscle activity in response to cold. This mechanism requires shivering of skeletal muscles that helps generate heat as a result of the increased metabolic rate.
This is because muscles produce heat when they break down glucose. The heat generated is used to warm the body in cold environments.
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the primary role of hdl in the body is to transport lipids multiple choice to the cells of the body to supply energy. to the liver for metabolism. into the mitochondria for beta-oxidation. to the kidney for excretion.
The primary function of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) is to store energy as fat. High HDL levels are considered healthy. High HDL concentrations are produced by high cholesterol and saturated fat diets.
HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol, sometimes known as "good" cholesterol, absorbs cholesterol from the blood and transports it to the liver. It is then flushed from the body by the liver. High HDL cholesterol levels can reduce your risk of heart disease and stroke.
The capacity of HDL to operate as both an acceptor of cholesterol from cells and a carrier of cholesterol in the RCT route, including delivery to the liver, has traditionally been linked to its cardiovascular preventive impact.
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What is the columbian exchange?
Answer:
The travel between the Old and the New World was a huge environmental turning point, called the Columbian Exchange. It was important because it resulted in the mixing of people, deadly diseases that devastated the Native American population, crops, animals, goods, and trade flows.
correctly match the term and definition: a joint formed by fusion of two bones
The correct term for a joint formed by fusion of two bones is "synostosis".
SynostosisSynostosis is a type of joint formed by the fusion of two bones, resulting in a rigid and immovable connection between them.
The process of synostosis occurs when the two bones become fused together by the deposition of bony tissue, resulting in a complete loss of movement at the joint. This type of joint is also known as a bony joint or a fused joint.
Synostosis can occur naturally during development, such as in the fusion of the skull bones, or as a result of injury or surgery. Despite the loss of mobility, synostosis can provide increased stability and strength to the affected joint.
Therefore the correct term for a joint formed by fusion of two bones is "synostosis".
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Sarah learned that the steps of transcription and translation are similar to baking a cake from a recipe. The cell's genome is like a cookbook, with step-by-step directions. The mRNA copy is like writing down a copy of the instructions to give to someone else. What would the amino acids be most similar to?
The amino acids would be most similar to the ingredients used in the recipe.
When the mRNA moves out of the nucleus, it then gives the instructions (the genetic sequence) to someone else, which is tRNA. During translation, the tRNA and mRNA complex reads the genetic sequence and then binds required amino acids, sequentially. Thus, the combined amino acid chain forms the desired protein.
Therefore, the amino acids are the ingredients and the protein is the final dish.
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Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involvethe export of macromolecules.invagination of the plasma membrane.the intake of large particles.the intake of specific fluids by the cell.the presence of receptor proteins.
Option 4 is Correct. The plasma membrane is invaded during the processes of phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis.
In contrast to double-membrane vesicles, where the membrane is curved positively toward the cytoplasm, membrane invagination requires negative membrane curvature, with the membrane bending away from the cytoplasm.
Delivering membrane proteins and any ligands linked to them to the early endosomal machinery is the main purpose of clathrin-coated vesicles at the plasma membrane. The tiny GTP-binding Rab family of proteins is probably involved in controlling membrane cycling in the endosomal compartment.
As a matter of fact, each step of the endocytic cascade may have its own Rab protein to enable effective vesicle targeting to the proper membrane. The transport process from the TGN to endosomes is thought to involve Rab6.
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Correct Question:
Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated endocytosis all involve
1. the export of macromolecules.
2. the intake of large particles.
3. the intake of specific fluids by the cell.
4. invagination of the plasma membrane.
5. the presence of receptor proteins.
WHY IS OXYGEN CLASSIFIED AS PURE SUBSTANCE AND AIR IS CLASSIFIED AS A MIXTURE?
CAN ANYBODY PLEASE HELP?
Answer:
I'm pretty sure it is because oxygen is a single atom and air has multiple atoms
Answer:
Here-
Explanation:
Air is a mixture of gases, 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen with traces of water vapor, carbon dioxide, argon, and various other components.
Air isn't exactly pure its got all the gases mixed together, but when we breathe oxygen is pure because nothing else can make oxygen, its just O.
Air can still be air if it doesn't have carbon dioxide in it. It can still be air without water vapor. Also oxygen is a pure element on the periodic table.
Hope this helped. :))
~kinzey
HELP! FAST! I'LL GIVE BRAINLYEST IF RIGHT!!!!
Which of the following are pharmacological treatments? Check all that apply. antacids endoscopies ultrasounds mint antibiotics
Answer:
Antiacids, antibiotics and mint (Peppermint oil is under preliminary research for its potential as a short-term treatment for irritable bowel syndrome)
Antacids and antibodies are the pharmacological treatments. Therefore, the correct statements are option A and option E.
What are pharmacological treatments?Pharmacological treatments are drugs that help to treat various medical conditions. They act by changing the biochemical and physiological properties of a body to cure the underlying disease.
Antacids used to treat stomach acid and conditions like heartburn by raising the pH of the stomach acid, thereby, relieving the digestion problems. Antibodies are also used to treat bacterial infections by targeting the growth of bacteria.
Endoscopies and ultrasounds, on the other hand, are used to examine internal organs or tissues and mint is a natural remedy to relieve digestion problems.
Therefore, antacids and antibodies are pharmacological treatments.
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What is cyclone??
Thx aliya for these much thx
Answer:
hi pari
Explanation:
wassup ✌✌✌✌✌
Discribe how a neutral atom changes when the number of protons,neutrons,or electrons change
Answer:
Depends on what you are changing.
Explanation:
Protons have a positive (+) charge.
Neutrons have a neutral (0) charge.
Electrons have a negative (-) charge.
Since neutrons only affect atomic mass, we don't need to worry about it changing the charge.
If we had more protons than electrons, then since there are more + charges, the entire atom would be positively charged.
If we had more electrons than protons, then since there are more - charges, the entire atom would be negatively charged.
What enzyme 'reads' one side of the DNA strand as a template to make an RNA copy?
Answer:
RNA polymerase
The main enzyme involved in transcription is RNA polymerase, which uses a single-stranded DNA template to synthesize a complementary strand of RNA.
Explanation:
in your opinion
when you exercise vigorously, what is needed more: food or oxygen? Why?
Answer:
oxygen because
Explanation:
because u can survive 3 days with out it and if u did not have oxygen u would suffocate
Which of the following types of microscopy are known for their ability to support the creation of three-dimensional images? Select all that apply. Light microscopy Standard fluorescence microscopy Confocal microscopy Scanning electron microscopy
The following types of microscopy are known for their ability to support the creation of three-dimensional images are C. Confocal microscopy and D. Scanning electron microscopy
The reason why these types of microscopy are known for their ability to support the creation of three-dimensional images is because of the way they capture images. Confocal microscopy is a light-based microscopy technique that provides three-dimensional images of thick specimens by eliminating out-of-focus light from the specimen. Confocal microscopy is capable of achieving high spatial resolution and has been used in a variety of scientific and medical research applications, including studies of cell biology, neuroscience, and tissue engineering.
Scanning electron microscopy is an imaging technique that uses a focused beam of electrons to produce images of the surface of a sample. In scanning electron microscopy, the electron beam is scanned across the surface of the sample, and the electrons that are scattered from the surface are detected and used to create an image. Scanning electron microscopy is capable of providing high-resolution images of the surface of a sample and is commonly used in materials science, biology, and other fields of research. So therefore the correct answer is C. Confocal microscopy and D. Scanning electron microscopy are the types of microscopy known for their ability to support the creation of three-dimensional images.
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which enzyme converts the most substrate to product in a given time period?
Answer: GLUT1 and GLUT3 have the highest affinity for glucose
Explanation: The Michaelis constant, is the concentration of the substrate required to reach . The lower the , the higher the affinity is for the substrate.
The enzyme that converts the most substrate to product in a given time period is typically the one with the highest turnover rate or kcat. This means that it is able to process a high number of substrate molecules per unit of time, leading to a faster overall reaction rate. Other factors that can influence enzyme activity include substrate concentration, pH, temperature, and the presence of activators or inhibitors. However, in general, enzymes with higher kcat values are considered to be more efficient catalysts.
To determine which enzyme converts the most substrate to product in a given time period, you need to consider the enzyme's "catalytic efficiency." Catalytic efficiency is a measure of an enzyme's ability to convert a substrate to product, and it depends on two factors: the enzyme's affinity for its substrate (Km) and the enzyme's maximum reaction rate (Vmax). An enzyme with a high catalytic efficiency will have a low Km value and a high Vmax value, meaning it can bind to its substrate strongly and quickly convert it to the product.
To summarize, in order to find the enzyme that converts the most substrate to product in a given time period, you need to compare the catalytic efficiency of different enzymes, considering both their Km and Vmax values. The enzyme with the highest catalytic efficiency will be the one that converts the most substrate to product.
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Questlon 5 of 5
At which temperature could air hold the most water vapor?
A. 24°C (75°F)
B. 35°C (95°F)
O C. 13°C (55°F)
D. 2°C (36°F)
SUBMIT
Answer:
C
Explanation:
im 99% sure
Which of the following statements about the relationship between ants and acacia trees is/are accurate? Check all that apply.
The ants protect the acacias from other insects. Incorrect
The ants protect the acacias from epiphytic plants and vines.
The ants live in the hollow thorns of the acacias.
The ants are provided with sugar or other nutrition by some species of acacia
The following statements about the relationship between ants and acacia trees are accurate the ants protect the acacias from epiphytic plants and vines, The ants live in the hollow thorns of the acacias and The ants are provided with sugar or other nutrition by some species of acacia (Option 2,3,4).
The relationship between ants and acacia trees is mutualistic. In this relationship, both the ants and acacia trees get benefits from each other. The ants live inside the hollow thorns of the acacia trees, and in return, they protect the trees from herbivorous animals, including insects and epiphytic plants and vines. The hollow thorns provide shelter for the ants from other insects and herbivores, as well as a food source. Additionally, the ants are provided with sugar or other nutrition by some species of acacia. These are nectar-producing glands on the leaf stalks and leaflets, extrafloral nectaries on the stems, and specialized protein and lipid-rich Beltian bodies on the leaflets.
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In the figure above, where does the neurotransmitter dopamine have its effect?.
Why does electric current flowing through wire lose energy?
why it is that we inherit mitochondrial DNA ONLY from our mothers?
Answer:
In se*ual reproduction, mitochondria are normally inherited exclusively from the mother; the mitochondria in mammalian sperm are usually destroyed by the egg cell after fertilization. ... The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables genealogical researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time.
g the endangered species act has part 2 a. saved all endangered species without affecting anyone. b. had no impact on either the number of endangered species or other economic activities. c. caused a loss of economic activities on some private land. d. further reduced the number of endangered species.
Conserving vulnerable and endangered plants and animals is the main goal of the Endangered Species Act. EPA is a tool for preserving endangered species.
What does the Act's second clause say about endangered species?(2) Each Federal agency shall ensure that any activity approved, supported, or carried out by such agency (hereafter in this section referred to as a "agency action") is not likely to jeopardize the survival of any endangered species or habitat.
The Endangered Species Act of 1973 consists of what four essential components?The main components of the ESA are the listing and preservation of species, the identification of important habitat and prevention of habitat degradation, and consultation with federal agencies on acts that might endanger listed species.
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Why do the chromosomes form a V shape facing the center of the cell during Anaphase
Answer:
The paired centromeres from each chromosome have just begun to separate and the sister chromatids are being pulled apart by the kinetochore microtubules as they are shortened by the loss of tubulin monomers. ... These chromosomes appear V-shaped when observed during anaphase.
Explanation:
Each planet in our solar system has distinct characteristics, but there are also patterns within the solar system. Compare the three planets whose information is shown in the table.
Mars
Saturn
Neptune
Mass (kg)
0.642 × 1024
568 × 1024
102 × 1024
Equatorial Diameter (km) 6,792
120,536
49,528
Distance From Sun (AU) 1.52
9.55
30.05
Orbital Period
687 Earth days 10,747 Earth days 59,800 Earth days
Moons
2
62
14
Mean Temperature (°C)
63°C
-140°C
-200°C
Which of these is true as the planets become farther from the sun?
A. There is an increase in mass.
B. There is an increase in number of moons.
C. There is an increase in time to orbit the sun.
D. There is an increase in average temperature.
C. There is an increase in time to orbit the sun. As the planets become farther from the sun, their orbital period increases.
What is orbital?Orbital is a term used in physics to describe the path of an object or particle around another object or particle. It is an orbit-like path that is affected by the gravitational pull of the object or particle being orbited. In celestial mechanics, orbital motion is used to describe the movement of planets and other objects in the solar system. In atomic and molecular physics, orbital motion is used to describe the movement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
Mars has an orbital period of 687 Earth days, Saturn has an orbital period of 10,747 Earth days and Neptune has an orbital period of 59,800 Earth days.
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Explain why you think learning about different body parts will help us better understand human life and health? (I will give brainliest)
A plant has to produce carbohydrates because (1 point)
carbohydrates are needed to move ATP from cell to cell
carbohydrates are needed for building material
carbohydrates store the genetic material within the cells
carbohydrates store energy for a long time
Answer: carbohydrates store energy for a long time D.
Glenda is arguing with her friend Lora. Lora is explaining to her that earthworms are important part of our environment but Glenda is saying that earthworms have no use at all and they are nasty organisms. If you are Lora, what two pieces of evidence will you use to convince Glenda that earthworms are useful to other living things
Answer:
They are helpful
Explanation:
Worms help to increase the amount of air and water that gets into the soil. They break down organic matter, like leaves and grass into things that plants can use. When they eat, they leave behind castings that are a very valuable type of fertilizer.
In order to pasteurize liquid foods with mild heat to effectively sterilize them so that
organisms and bacteria are inactivated, the temperature must be no less than what?
100°F
150°F
212°F
312°F
Without compromising the flavor or nutritional content of milk, pasteurization eliminates harmful microorganisms (sterilization = total bacterial eradication). Thus, option C is correct.
What are the ideal conditions to pasteurize liquid foods?Liquid food that is packaged or unpack aged is subjected to pasteurization, a mild heat treatment that involves heating the food to temperatures below 100 °C.
The product's phase transition is prevented by the heat treatment and cooling procedure. During pasteurization, liquids are cooked for a limited period of time at high temperatures.
Dairy products, tomato ketchup, and baby meals are examples of non-Newtonian fluids that can be pasteurized using shell and tube heat exchangers.
Therefore, The ideal temperature for pasteurizing liquid meals with gentle heat to effectively sterilize them and render bacteria and other microorganisms inactive is 212 °F (ca. 100 °C).
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which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?multiple choicesecretion of mucusmovement of embryo through uterine tubemovement of egg through uterine tubefiltration
The movement of embryo through the uterine tube is not a function of simple columnar epithelium. (Option 2).
Simple columnar epithelium is a type of tissue that lines many organs and structures in the body, including the digestive tract and female reproductive system. Its main functions include secretion and absorption, as well as protection and lubrication. Specifically, it secretes mucus to protect and lubricate the tissues, and it absorbs nutrients and other substances from the surrounding environment.
Additionally, it can also play a role in the filtration in some organs. However, it does not have a role in the movement of an embryo through the uterine tube. Therefore, the correct answer choice for this question is 2.
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Complete Question:
which of the following is not a function of simple columnar epithelium?multiple choice
secretion of mucusmovement of embryo through uterine tubemovement of egg through uterine tubefiltration