How do you determine the amount of electrons and protons?

Answer:

Cell membrane encloses all the cell organelles.  In prokaryotes, membrane is absent and so membrane-bound cell organelles are also absent.

Significance of membrane can be explained with the help of viruses, as viruses lack cell membranes and that is why they require a host for living and uses the host's cell machinery to multiply.

Hence, cell membranes are important for living organisms to live and perform essential biological processes.

Answer:

the cell membrane is an extremely pliable structure composed primarily of back -to- back phospholipids (a "bilayer")

Thank you for learning with Brainly Tutor! Unfortunately, currently, we have only Math, Physics, Chemistry, and Biology tutors answering your questions so if you want to ask anything from other subjects, please post it on Brainly.com. As soon as we add a new subject you will have an option to select it in your app!

Answer:  fond memory

Explanation:

Answer:

b. glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electrons transport chain

Explanation:

The chromosome that plays the largest role in human sex determination is the Y chromosome.

Human sex is determined by the combination of sex chromosomes inherited from both parents, with individuals typically having two sex chromosomes: either XX (female) or XY (male). The presence or absence of the Y chromosome dictates the sex of an individual, as it contains the SRY gene, which is responsible for initiating male development.

During fertilization, an egg with an X chromosome combines with a sperm carrying either an X or a Y chromosome. If the sperm carries an X chromosome, the resulting offspring will be female (XX), while if the sperm carries a Y chromosome, the offspring will be male (XY). Therefore, the Y chromosome is the primary factor in determining an individual's sex in humans.

To know more about chromosome visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/30077641

#SPJ11

The image depicts erosion, specifically soil erosion. Soil erosion is the gradual deterioration of soil caused by the impact of water or wind on soil particles.

Ways to prevent soil erosion :

To learn more about soil erosion refer to :

https://brainly.com/question/17905503

#SPJ13

A substitution mutation that does not result in a protein sequence change is known as Silent mutation .

Silent mutations happen when a single DNA nucleotide inside a gene's protein-coding region changes without changing the order of amino acids that make up the protein encoded by the gene.

Silent mutations, which can be either substitution mutations or point mutations, occur when a gene's DNA sequence is altered without having an impact on the amino acid sequence. As an illustration, the amino acid lysine's code, AAA, gets changed to AAG (which also codes for Lys).

To learn more about substitution mutations click here,

https://brainly.com/question/14224979

#SPJ4

Addison's Disease, also known by the acronym ADDI, is an endocrine disorder that affects the body's ability to produce hormones, such as cortisol and aldosterone.

This deficiency can cause a variety of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, weight loss, nausea, vomiting, and low blood pressure. In addition, people with Addison's Disease may experience darkening of their skin, especially in areas exposed to the sun, as well as salt cravings, muscle and joint pain, and changes in mood.

Patients with Addison's Disease need to be closely monitored by their healthcare team and may require hormone replacement therapy. Education and understanding of the disorder is important for people with Addison's Disease, as well as their families or caregivers, as it can help to improve the quality of life and treatment outcomes. It's important to remember that with proper management and treatment, people with Addison's Disease can lead full and healthy lives.

Know more about Addison's Disease here

https://brainly.com/question/29489251#

#SPJ11

that ABO blood type demonstrates multiple allele inheritance of what multiple allele inheritance means. In humans, the ABO blood type is determined by three alleles - A, B, and O. Each person one from each parent, and the are combination  these two alleles determines their blood type.

The A and B alleles are co-dominant, meaning they both express their phenotype when present together. The O allele is recessive and only expresses its phenotype when paired with another O allele. This results in four possible blood types - A, B, AB, and O. So, the inheritance of ABO blood type involves multiple alleles interacting in a complex way to determine a person's phenotype.

The ABO blood type is a trait that demonstrates the type of inheritance known as "codominance." the term are we the "codominance" refers to the type of inheritance exhibited by the ABO blood type  codominance, both alleles for are specific trait are expressed equally in an individual's phenotype, and neither allele is masked or dominates the other. The explanation for this is that ABO blood types have three alleles (A, B, and O), with both the A and B alleles being dominant over the O allele, and the A and B alleles are codominant with each other, leading to four possible blood types: A, B, AB, and O.

To know more about demonstrates Visit;

https://brainly.com/question/4164795

#SPJ11

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Blood plasma contains antibodies, a type of protein that can fight a substance considered foreign to the host body. The body manufactures antibodies to correspond to naturally occurring antigens inherited through DNA. Foreign antigens occasionally introduced by way of pregnancy or blood transfusions will also cause the body to make antibodies.

Answer:

seven(7) different gametes can be produced

Recombination rates for two genes separated buy 10 map units are 10%. True—1% of two genes recombining is represented by one map unit.

Your DNA is what builds and keeps up your human structure. Genes are parts in your DNA that are responsible for your unique physical characteristics.

A little DNA segment called a gene. Millions of little molecules known as bases make up DNA. A, C, T, & G are the four distinct chemical kinds. A gene is a sequence of DNA composed of an As, Cs, Ts, and Gs sequence. Every of your cells has around 20,000 of your genes due to how little they are.

To know more about gene visit

brainly.com/question/8832859

#SPJ4

Answer:

Meiosis is a process where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. During meiosis one cell divides twice to form four daughter cells.

This is because meiosis creates cells that are destined to become gametes (or reproductive cells), this reduction in chromosome number is critical — without it, the union of two gametes during fertilization would result in offspring with twice the normal number of chromosomes to make a human child.

Small circular, extrachromosomal DNA segments are known as plasmids.

Plasmids are self-replicating genetic elements that exist separately from the chromosomal DNA in a cell. They are commonly found in bacteria and some other organisms. Plasmids can carry additional genes that are not essential for the survival of the host organism but can confer advantageous traits such as antibiotic resistance or the ability to metabolize certain substances. These circular DNA molecules replicate independently and can be transferred between bacteria through horizontal gene transfer mechanisms like conjugation. Plasmids play a significant role in genetic engineering and biotechnology, as they can be manipulated and used as vectors to introduce specific genes into host cells for various purposes, such as gene expression studies or the production of therapeutic proteins.

To know more about Plasmids

brainly.com/question/31765340

#SPJ11

If a person's antigen-antibody response stimulates a massive secretion of histamine, the severe reaction is called an allergic reaction.

The release of histamine in response to an antigen-antibody interaction is a characteristic feature of an allergic reaction. When the immune system recognizes an allergen (a substance that triggers an allergic response), it produces specific antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). These antibodies bind to mast cells and basophils, which are immune cells that contain histamine.Upon subsequent exposure to the same allergen, the allergen binds to the IgE antibodies on mast cells and basophils, triggering the histamine release. Histamine causes blood vessels to dilate, smooth muscles to contract, and increased mucus production, leading to symptoms such as itching, swelling, hives, difficulty breathing, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Active immunity refers to the immune response produced by the person's immune system after exposure to an antigen. Artificial immunity involves the administration of vaccines or immunizations to stimulate an immune response. Passive immunity occurs when pre-formed antibodies are transferred from one individual to another (e.g., through breast milk or injection of immunoglobulins).

To learn more about allergic reactions

brainly.com/question/29783852

#SPJ11

Krista wants to explain a new sustainable farming technique her company has been testing with farmers, so the best ways are the infographic and the graph that are in the first option, as both I and II are correct for this.

It is a type of farming that regulates the soil, the climate, and the overall atmosphere, along with the health of the animals and the plants. There are different forms of sustainable farming, such as organic farming, where pesticides are not used.

Hence, Krista wants to explain a new sustainable farming technique her company has been testing with farmers, so the best ways are the infographic and the graph that are in the first option, as both I and II are correct for this.

Learn more about sustainable farming by clicking here.

https://brainly.com/question/13865262

#SPJ1

Answer:

Urine is considered to be a true reflection of bodily health because it releases metabolites not necessary for our body.

In some situations, other solutes or secretions are eliminated since they are increasing or are a sign of pathologies.

Clear examples of these situations are: increased protein in urine, presence of hematocrit in urine, presence of glucose in urine, etc.

The three phases of urine formation are: glomerular filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.

Explanation:

The glomerulus and the nephron are responsible for the formation of urine.

Faced with certain pathologies such as diabetes, leukemias, urogenital infections, ketoacidosis, hypercapnia, increased ketone bodies, hyperproteinemias, etc., it is urine that reflects this state of imbalance in the body.

The glomerulus is a filter that is in charge of filtering in a meticulous way those residues of our organism, it releases the unnecessary residues and the chemical compounds or molecules or even cells in excess.

Glomerular filtration is higher or lower in terms of the volume of the afferent and efferent arteries of the renal glomerulus, and the pressures these vessels have within them.

This is how it correlates with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, blood pressure, lungs, nutritional levels, and the overall health of the body.

The given statement "movement of Ca²⁺ out of the cell through the Na / Ca²⁺ channel is an exergonic process" is FALSE.

Exergonic reaction refers to a chemical reaction that releases energy. When the movement of  Ca²⁺ ions takes place, it is an endergonic process. Endergonic reaction is the opposite of exergonic reaction, which means it requires energy to proceed. Therefore, the movement of  Ca²⁺ ions out of the cell through the Na+/ Ca²⁺ channel is an endergonic process.

When the concentration of  Ca²⁺ ions in the cytosol is higher, it can move out of the cell with the help of Na⁺/ Ca²⁺ exchanger. This exchanger is an antiporter protein that moves one  Ca²⁺ ion out of the cell in exchange for three Na+ ions to move inside the cell. In conclusion, the statement "movement of  Ca²⁺ out of the cell through the Na / Ca²⁺ channel is an exergonic process" is incorrect.

Learn more about exergonic process here:

https://brainly.com/question/1675297

#SPJ11

Answer:

D. a force can be a push or a pull and A.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms differ in the way their cells are compartmentalized.

Eukaryotic organisms are organisms that contain cells with a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They are much more complex than prokaryotic organisms, which lack a nucleus and other organelles. Examples of eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi, and some protists. All of these organisms share the same genetic material and have the same basic structure.

Prokaryotes have a much simpler cell structure, with a single membrane separating the cytoplasm from the cell wall. In contrast, eukaryotes have multiple intracellular compartments surrounded by membranes, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. The endosymbiotic theory explains the origin of eukaryotes from a prokaryotic ancestor. It proposes that primitive prokaryotes engulfed other prokaryotes, creating endosymbiotic relationships that eventually evolved into the various compartments found in eukaryotic cells. This theory is supported by evidence that the mitochondria of eukaryotes have their own genome, distinct from the nuclear genome, which is similar to the genome of prokaryotes. In addition, electron microscopy has revealed that the mitochondria of eukaryotes have a double membrane structure, which is similar to the structure of primitive prokaryotes. This evidence strongly supports the endosymbiotic theory.

To know more about eukaryotic organisms click-

https://brainly.com/question/15418347

#SPJ4

Answer:

Carbohydrates are found in a wide array of both healthy and unhealthy food,bread, beans, milk, popcorn, potatoes, cookies, spaghetti, soft drinks, corn, and cherry pie. They also come in a mixture of forms. The usal  common and abundant forms are sugars, fibers, including starches.

Explanation:

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are a family of cell surface receptors that play essential roles in cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, and metabolism. The pathways that are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases are Ras and pi3k. The correct options are a and b.

Upon ligand binding, RTKs undergo dimerization and autophosphorylation, which leads to the activation of downstream signaling pathways. The correct pathways activated by receptor tyrosine kinases include:

a. Ras - The Ras pathway is activated when RTKs recruit adaptor proteins, such as Grb2, which in turn bind to guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), like SOS. This process leads to the exchange of GDP for GTP on Ras, resulting in its activation and downstream signaling events.

b. PI3K - The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is also activated by RTKs. Upon receptor activation, PI3K binds to phosphorylated tyrosine residues on the receptor, leading to its activation. Activated PI3K then converts PIP2 to PIP3, which in turn activates Akt, a crucial kinase involved in cell survival, growth, and proliferation.

c. Wnt - This pathway is NOT activated by receptor tyrosine kinases. The Wnt signaling pathway is primarily initiated by the binding of Wnt ligands to Frizzled receptors, which are distinct from RTKs.

d. TGFb - The transforming growth factor-beta (TGFb) signaling pathway is also NOT activated by receptor tyrosine kinases. TGFb signals through serine/threonine kinase receptors, which are structurally and functionally different from RTKs.

In conclusion, the pathways activated by receptor tyrosine kinases include Ras (a) and PI3K (b).

For more such questions on Receptor tyrosine kinases.

https://brainly.com/question/12653674#

#SPJ11

Standing in a wool uniform on a hot day can lead to decreased stroke volume. This affects cardiac output and blood pressure as it restricts the body's ability to regulate its temperature.

When the body overheats, the heart pumps more blood to help remove excess heat. However, awool uniform, which is a thick fabric, prevents the body from losing heat, leading to increased body temperature, which affects the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently.

Therefore, when the body is hot, the heart has to work harder to pump blood to the surface of the skin. This causes an increase in blood pressure, which leads to decreased stroke volume.

In addition, when the body is hot, the heart rate increases, which affects the ability of the heart to pump blood efficiently, and this can also lead to decreased stroke volume.

Combined, these two factors can lead to decreased cardiac output.

This affects cardiac output and blood pressure as the body is unable to regulate its temperature, causing the heart to work harder to pump blood to the surface of the skin, leading to increased blood pressure, and decreased stroke volume.

To learn more about cardiac output & blood pressure : https://brainly.com/question/12993236

#SPJ11

The division of the term "leukocytosis" into its component parts produces the combination of "leuko-" and "-cytosis." The general term for a high white blood cell (WBC) count on a peripheral blood smear collection—typically above 11.0x109/L—is leukocytosis.

Depending on the 'upper limits of normal' as defined by the reference ranges used by the laboratories, the precise result of WBC elevation may vary significantly between them. The total number of white blood cells, including neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, atypical leukocytes (such as lymphoblasts), and any combination of these, are represented by the WBC value. The doctor must accurately classify the leukocytosis and decide whether additional testing and workup are necessary.

To know more about leukocytosis

https://brainly.com/question/30388364

#SPJ11

Touching an elephant's foot in Chernobyl could result in radiation exposure.

The Chernobyl disaster was a nuclear accident that occurred in 1986 in the northern Ukraine. It resulted in a significant release of radioactive material, which contaminated large areas around the Chernobyl plant, including parts of the Ukraine and Belarus.

As a result of the disaster, the area around the Chernobyl plant remains highly contaminated with radioactive material. Visitors to the exclusion zone around the plant, including parts of the nearby city of Pripyat, are required to follow strict safety protocols to minimize their exposure to radiation.

If someone were to touch an elephant's foot in Chernobyl, they could be at risk of contamination from the radioactive material that is present in the soil and vegetation in the area. In order to minimize this risk, it is important for visitors to the exclusion zone to follow the rules and guidelines put in place to protect them from radiation exposure.

It is recommended that individuals do not visit the exclusion zone unless it is for official purposes and with proper guidance, equipment and protective gear.

Learn more about Chernobyl visit here:

https://brainly.com/question/10116000

#SPJ11

Answer:

lipid molecules are non polar because they repel water molecules, which are polar

Explanation:

A lipid is an organic compound that is insoluble in water. A lipid consists of  hormones, waxes, oils, fats. Also, a lipid is a form of chemical messengers and energy-storage molecules. Lipids are basically insoluble bio molecules.

The results of the experiment MOST STRONGLY  support the following statement.

''lipid molecules are non polar because they repel water molecules, which are polar''

Jaguar would use the following six steps to forecast for the new S-type Jaguar:

1. Environmental Scanning: This process involves the gathering of information on all external factors that might affect the production and sale of the S-type Jaguar. This can include economic trends, political factors, and social factors such as changing lifestyles or consumer trends.

2. Market Segmentation: This process involves dividing the target market for the S-type Jaguar into smaller, more manageable groups based on specific demographic, geographic, and psychographic variables.

3. Forecasting Demand: This process involves using statistical tools and market research data to estimate the level of demand for the S-type Jaguar.

4. Setting Objectives: This process involves setting clear objectives for the production and sale of the S-type Jaguar, such as sales targets or market share goals.

5. Developing a Marketing Plan: This process involves developing a marketing plan that outlines the steps that will be taken to achieve the objectives set out in the previous step.

6. Implementing and Monitoring the Plan: This final step involves putting the marketing plan into action and monitoring its effectiveness to ensure that the objectives are being met and any necessary adjustments can be made if necessary.

Learn more about jaguar visit:

brainly.com/question/32398311

#SPJ11

The target for the embalmer in the heart tap procedure for drainage is the arch of the aorta. This is a curved portion of the aorta that is located at the upper part of the chest cavity between the lungs and the heart.

The embalmer uses a tricar to locate this area, which is the point of entry for the drainage process. To do this, the embalmer inserts the instrument and uses it to feel the shape and size of the aorta.

Once the arch of the aorta is located, the embalmer can then insert the needle through the tricar and into the aorta, allowing the drainage process to begin. The embalmer must be careful to ensure that the needle is inserted properly and that the drainage is done correctly, as any error in this process could lead to serious complications.

Know more about aorta here

https://brainly.com/question/4385723#

#SPJ11