How could a mutated gene produce a shorter protein.
Answers
A mutated gene can produce a shorter protein through several mechanisms: Nonsense Mutation, Frameshift Mutation, Splice Site Mutation, Deletion Mutation.
Nonsense Mutation: A nonsense mutation is a type of genetic mutation that introduces a premature stop codon in the coding sequence of the gene. This premature stop codon causes the translation process to terminate early, resulting in a truncated protein that is shorter than the normal protein. As a result, the functional domains or regions of the protein may be missing, leading to altered or impaired protein function.
Frameshift Mutation: A frameshift mutation occurs when nucleotides are inserted or deleted in the gene sequence, shifting the reading frame of the codons. This disruption causes a significant change in the amino acid sequence during translation, resulting in a shorter and usually non-functional protein product.
Splice Site Mutation: Splice site mutations affect the proper splicing of mRNA during post-transcriptional processing. These mutations can lead to the exclusion of one or more exons from the mature mRNA, resulting in a shorter protein due to the absence of specific protein domains encoded by the affected exons.
Deletion Mutation: A deletion mutation involves the loss of one or more nucleotides in the gene sequence. If the deleted nucleotides are crucial for encoding specific amino acids or protein domains, the resulting protein may be truncated and shorter than the normal protein.
In summary, various types of genetic mutations, such as nonsense mutations, frameshift mutations, splice site mutations, or deletion mutations, can disrupt the normal reading frame or protein structure, resulting in the production of a shorter protein with altered or impaired functionality.
To know more about protein, click here https://brainly.com/question/31017225
#SPJ11
Related Questions
what antibiotic is often used as a ""last resort"" for penicillin resistant gram positive organisms?
Answers
Chronic inflammation extending deep into the lining of the affected part of the GI tract results in abdominal pain, cramping and diarrhea.
Cirrhosis
GERD
Cholecystitis
Crohns
Diverticulitis
Hepatitis
Ulcerative colitis
Pancreatitis
Intestinal obstruction
Peptic Ulcer
Answers
Chronic inflammation extending deep into the lining of the affected part of the GI tract can lead to abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea. This condition is most commonly associated with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Both are types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that cause inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract. Crohn's disease can affect any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, whereas ulcerative colitis primarily affects the colon and rectum. Symptoms of these conditions include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and cramping, among others. Treatment often involves medication to manage inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Other conditions mentioned, such as cirrhosis, GERD, cholecystitis, diverticulitis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, and peptic ulcer, can also result in abdominal pain and discomfort. However, the specific combination of deep inflammation, abdominal pain, cramping, and diarrhea is more characteristic of IBD, particularly Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Learn more about diarrhea here
https://brainly.com/question/29493417
#SPJ11
what problems do scientists encounter when classifying species?
Answers
Addressing these challenges requires a multidisciplinary approach, combining various sources of data, such as morphology, genetics, behavior, and ecology, to achieve the most accurate and comprehensive classification of species.
Scientists encounter several problems when classifying species. Here are some common challenges:
Species concept: There are multiple species concepts, such as the biological species concept, morphological species concept, and phylogenetic species concept. Different concepts may lead to different classifications, making it challenging to arrive at a consensus.
Cryptic species: Some species may appear similar morphologically but have significant genetic differences. These cryptic species can be difficult to identify and classify accurately without genetic analysis.
Hybridization: Hybridization between different species can complicate classification. It can result in intermediate forms that blur the boundaries between species and make it challenging to determine if they should be classified as separate species or subspecies.
Incomplete information: Lack of comprehensive data on species can make classification difficult. This may include limited knowledge of their geographic distribution, reproductive behavior, or genetic variation, leading to uncertainty in their classification.
Evolutionary relationships: Determining the evolutionary relationships between species can be complex, especially for organisms with complex or poorly understood evolutionary histories. Resolving phylogenetic relationships requires robust data and sophisticated analytical methods.
Extinct species: Classification of extinct species relies heavily on incomplete fossil records, making it challenging to determine their precise placement within the existing classification system.
Taxonomic bias: Taxonomic bias can influence species classification, with some groups receiving more attention and study than others. This bias can lead to uneven representation and potentially inaccurate classifications.
Learn more about “ classifying species “ visit here;
https://brainly.com/question/29639322
#SPJ11
Question 3 of 10
After examining his pea-plant data, which three conclusions did Mendel
reach?
A. A gene's alleles must be inherited independently of each other.
B. During reproduction, some kind of factor is passed from parent to
offspring.
C. Traits acquired during an organism's lifetime are passed along to
its offspring.
D. Recessive traits are masked by dominant traits.
Answers
Three conclusions did Mendel reach :
A gene's alleles must be inherited independently of each other. Traits acquired during an organism's lifetime are passed along to its offspring.Recessive traits are masked by dominant traits.What are Mendel's 3 conclusions?Particulate factors are the determinants of inherited traits. These factors are referred to as genes. Each parent's cell has a pair of genes for each characteristic under investigation. One allele for the dominant phenotype and one for the recessive phenotype are present in the F1 from a cross of two pure lines.Three "laws" of inheritance emerged from Mendel's research: the laws of dominance, segregation, and independent assortment. The meiosis process may be used to better understand each of them.The genetic variety shown in many species may be well explained by Mendel's segregation and independent assortment concepts. A gene pair's alleles may interact in a dominant or recessive fashion, or they may not interact at all.Learn more about Mendel's 3 conclusions refer to ;
https://brainly.com/question/30123716
#SPJ1
can can someone please help me with these three questions
Answers
Answer:
asian carp, new species, nucleus
Explanation:
Answer:
1)Butterflies, A new species, and the nucleus.
Explanation:
I hope this helps! :)
According to this article who collected information to research the honeybees
Answers
Answer:
Cornell University
Explanation:
I did not know what article you refer to but I know that there is an article with this question.
What protects the surface of a plant from water loss.
Answers
Answer: The cuticle.
Do you think good personal hygiene helps individuals and communities in helping to stop covid 19? motivate
Answers
Answer:
Yes, COVID-19 is spread through respiratory droplets, which typically travel about three to six feet and settle on surfaces, where they can live for a few hours up to several days, according to the World Health Organization. There is a risk of catching the disease by inhaling those particles, but there is a more significant risk of getting it by touching surfaces, such as desks, handrails, or doorknobs, where those droplets may have settled.
“The disease transmission goes from a cough or sneeze to a surface to your hand to your face, and that’s how people get infected,” said Paul Biddinger, director of the Emergency Preparedness Research, Evaluation, and Practice Program, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. “Good hand washing really matters. If people cough or sneeze into their elbow, that limits the spread of respiratory secretions.
Does anyone know the answer for this? If it is correct ill mark u as the best answer!
Answers
Answer:
The theory that all living organisms share the basic genetic components.
Explanation:
All living organisms store genetic information using the same molecules — DNA and RNA. Written in the genetic code of these molecules is compelling evidence of the shared ancestry of all living things.
Answer:
the last option is the perfect answer for the given question bcoz the engulfment of bacteria is clearly shown in the diagram..
Which of the following is an example of a direct observation?
A. collecting online surveys
В. viewing cell division
C. interviewing witnesses to an automobile accident
Answers
can yall help me this is honors bio and im very tired please help
Answers
Answer:
A.
Explanation:
Lipids are a class of macromolecules that are nonpolar and hydrophobic in nature. Major types include fats and oils, waxes....
Triglycerides are a type of fat (lipid) found in your blood.
Phospholipids, also known as phosphatides, are a class of lipids
Hope this helps
which of the statements are correct descriptions about the pituitary gland? select all that apply. the pituitary gland controls signaling from the hypothalamus.
Answers
The pituitary gland is a small organ located at the base of the brain that produces hormones that control growth and regulate many bodily functions.
The following statements are correct descriptions about the pituitary gland:
1. It controls signaling from the hypothalamus
2. It produces hormones that control growth
3. It regulates many bodily functions.
The pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus by a stalk, and it controls the secretion of hormones from the hypothalamus. It produces several hormones that play a role in regulating many bodily functions, including metabolism, growth and development, stress response, and sexual function.
The hormones it produces also regulate the release of other hormones from the other endocrine glands. It is an important part of the endocrine system and is responsible for helping maintain homeostasis in the body.
To know more about pituitary gland click on below link:
https://brainly.com/question/30289440#
#SPJ11
Prehistoric people used what for knives and arrowheads
Answers
Answer:
spears
Explanation:
during crossing over in meiosis i: a. homologous chromosomes are not altered. b. homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. c. genetic information is lost. d. chromosomal damage occurs.
Answers
During crossing over in meiosis I, homologous chromosomes pair up and physically exchange segments of DNA through a process called recombination. The correct option is b.
This results in the exchange of genetic material between the paired chromosomes, which can lead to the creation of new combinations of alleles and the generation of genetic diversity in the offspring. Chromosomal damage may occur if the exchange of genetic material is not balanced or if there are errors in the process, but this is relatively rare. Overall, crossing over is a crucial mechanism for maintaining genetic diversity and ensuring proper chromosome segregation during meiosis.
To know more about DNA, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/264225#
#SPJ11
Problem 9: In one form of inherited diabetes, the 18th amino acid in the insulin protein has changed from histidine to tyrosine. What classification of mutation is this? Use the codon chartTransformationA dimerTransversionTransitionDeletionFrameshift
Answers
The 18th amino acid of insulin protein was changed from histidine to tyrosine. This is frameshift mutation.
What types of mutations cause changes in amino acid sequences?Frameshift mutation changes in amino acid sequences. This type of mutation occurs when the reading frame of a gene is altered by the addition or loss of DNA bases.A reading frame consists of groups of three bases, each of which codes for an amino acid. Frameshift mutations rearrange these groups of bases and change the amino acid code.What is insulin amino acid sequence and what happens if insulin mutates? Human insulin is composed of 51 amino acids divided into two chains, commonly called A and B, of 21 and 30 amino acids, respectively. The chains are linked by three disulfide bridges, two of which form an interchain cystine at A7-B7 and A20-B19 and one an intrachain cystine at A6-A11.Insulin gene mutations are one of the major causes of neonatal diabetes. They can lead to proinsulin misfolding and its retention in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This is thought to lead to increased endoplasmic reticulum stress and trigger beta-cell apoptosis.To learn more about frameshift mutation visit:
https://brainly.com/question/14364090
#SPJ4
What is incised to cut out renal cell carcinoma?
Answers
The surgical removal of renal cell carcinoma usually entails a nephrectomy, which is the surgical removal of the kidney containing the cancerous tumour.
A partial nephrectomy, which involves removing only the tumour and a portion of the kidney tissue surrounding it, may be possible depending on the size and location of the tumour.
An incision in the abdomen or flank is made to gain access to the kidney during a nephrectomy.
To isolate the kidney from the surrounding structures, the surgeon carefully dissects the tissues and blood vessels surrounding it.
To prevent urine from leaking during the procedure, the ureter, which is the tube that transports urine from the kidney to the bladder, is identified and clamped.
Thus, the answer is nephrectomy.
For more details regarding nephrectomy, visit:
https://brainly.com/question/30051940
#SPJ4
Which of these muscles is particularly associated with anchoring the right and left atrioventricular valves?pectinate musclestrabeculae carneaepapillary musclesmyocardium
Answers
Right before ventricular systole, papillary muscles shorten to tighten the left and right atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae.
Which muscles help to anchor the left and right atrioventricular valves?The papillary muscles are heart ventricle-based muscle cells. They attach via the chordae tendineae to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves, commonly known as the mitral and tricuspid valves, and contract to stop these valves from prolapsing or inverting during systole (or ventricular contraction).
What muscles regulate the AV valves?pectoral muscles). The papillary muscles and chordae tindineae attach the AV valves to the ventricular walls. As a result, the valves can seal properly and won't prolapse into the atria.
To know more about atrioventricular valves visit:-
https://brainly.com/question/14019180
#SPJ4
The image below depicts a bowling ball traveling down the lane and striking pins, knocking them down. Identify at least two forces acting on the bowling ball.
1. gravity
2. friction
3. air resistance
(also called ‘drag’)
4. density
Answers
For a RNA pol II gene undergoing a transition from an actively transcribed state to a repressed state, which of the following modifications may be likely to occur in regions of that gene?
A) DNA demethylation
B) histone acetylation
C) histone deacetylation
Answers
For a RNA pol II gene undergoing a transition from an actively transcribed state to a repressed state, the modification that is likely to occur in regions of that gene is histone deacetylation. Option C.
Histone acetylation and histone deacetylation are modifications that can cause a change in chromatin structure, altering the accessibility of DNA for transcription factors and RNA polymerase enzymes. Active gene expression correlates with the acetylation of specific lysine residues on histones H3 and H4, which, in turn, leads to chromatin relaxation and the recruitment of transcription factors and RNA polymerases.
In contrast, repressive chromatin structures are characterized by histone deacetylation, which leads to the formation of compact chromatin structures that inhibit transcription factor and RNA polymerase access to the DNA molecule. This is why histone deacetylases (HDACs) are considered as transcriptional repressors. Hence, option C, i.e., Histone deacetylation is the correct answer.
More on histone deacetylation: https://brainly.com/question/14927069
#SPJ11
Define photophosphorylation?
Answers
The photophosphorylation is the synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate in the plants using the light energy absorbed during the photosynthesis process.
which molecules does a plant need to make glucose in the process of photosynthesis?choose all correct answers.
Answers
Answer:
water and carbon dioxide into glucose ....
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil.
1.photosynthesis
2.chlorophyll
3.sun light
4.carbon dioxide
Plants need several molecules to make glucose during the process of photosynthesis. The correct answers include:
Carbon dioxide (CO2): Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through small openings called stomata on their leaves.
Water (H2O): Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots and transport it to their leaves.
Sunlight: The energy from sunlight is captured by chlorophyll, a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and is used to power the photosynthesis process.
Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy, which is used to make glucose.
Therefore, the correct answer is (1) Carbon dioxide, (2) Water, (3) Sunlight, and (4) Chlorophyl
For more questions like photosynthesis visit the link below:
https://brainly.com/question/31362198
#SPJ11
When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, which of the following occurs?
A. a phosphate bond is added
B. a phosphate bond is broken
C. oxygen is removed
D. oxygen is added
E. an adenine is added
Answers
When an ATP molecule is used to supply energy, neither oxygen is removed (C) nor an adenine is added (E). Instead, a phosphate group is removed, releasing energy.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy carrier in cells. It consists of adenine, ribose, and three phosphate groups. When a cell needs energy, ATP undergoes hydrolysis, which removes one phosphate group, resulting in the formation of ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and inorganic phosphate. This process releases energy that can be used for various cellular processes. The removal of oxygen or the addition of adenine are not involved in this process.
At the cellular level, the energy for use and storage comes from adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP has three serially bonded phosphate groups, a nitrogenous base (adenine), a ribose sugar, and a nucleoside triphosphate structure.
know more about ATP molecule, here:
https://brainly.com/app/ask?q=32372254
#SPJ11
a group of tis-
sues working
together
Answers
Answer: An organ
Explanation: Tissue is muscle matter made up of cells. Tissues working together for a single function is called an organ. organs working together make up an organ system, such as your cardiovascular system, or digestive system.
The compound Iron (II) sulphate consists of A.Iron and sulphur B. Iron and
silicon C. Iron and silver D. Iron and tin
Answers
Answer:
A. Iron and sulphur
Explanation:
It also contains oxygen
\({ \bf{formula}} : { \sf{FeSO_{4}}}\)
How far away is the moon from earth?
Answers
Answer:
238,900
Explanation:
and heres dark humor
"I have good and bad news," the doctor said to his patient. "Give me the good news first," the patient said. "Your test results are back," the doctor said, "and you have only two days to live." "That's the good news?" the patient exclaimed. "What's the bad news?" "I've been trying to reach you for two days."
Answer:
238,900 mi
Explanation:
it can be found
HELP PLEASEEEEE ASAP PLEASEE Describe the factors that affect the density of a material
Answers
Answer:
Pressure, temperature and humidity all affect air density. And you can think of air density as the mass of air molecules in a given volume.
Explanation:
the greenhouse effect warms earths atmosphere. which sequence of events balances the overall global temperature? A. ozone concentration in the atmosphere increase and more of the suns radiation reaches earth poles. B. an increase in the melting of the polar ice caps adds warmer water to oceans which creates a more moderate climate. C. an increase in temperature increase evaporation and more clouds are produced which reflect sunlight back into space. D. carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere increase and more heat is radiated back into space, cooling the atmosphere.
Answers
Answer:
C,
Explanation:
an increase in temperature increase evaporation and more clouds are produced which reflect sunlight back into space.
This answer makes sense, eliminate the other choices.
The major mechanisms that regulate the body balances of water and many of the inorganic ions that determine the properties of the extracellular fluid are the reflexes that alter excretion via the _____
Answers
The major mechanisms that regulate the body balances of water and many of the inorganic ions alter excretion via the kidneys.
What are reflexes?A reflex is an automatic and immediate response to a stimulus by a muscle or gland. A reflex occurs without conscious thought or effort, allowing the body to respond swiftly to a stimulus. The reflex arc is the nerve pathway that mediates a reflex action. Because of their quickness, reflexes are essential survival mechanisms that protect the body from harm, allowing it to react quickly and effectively when danger arises.
The reflexes that alter excretion via the kidneys are the major mechanisms that regulate the body balances of water and many of the inorganic ions that determine the properties of the extracellular fluid.
Learn more about Reflexes here:
https://brainly.com/question/29727145
#SPJ11
questions in the attached img. someone help me pls
Answers
Answer:
A. Medicine — Plasmids are used as an anti-stress medicine to cope with stress-related conditions. It is also used replicate proteins. It is also used in gene therapy.
B. Agriculture — It is used for metal resistances. It is also used for antibiotic resistances. It provide bacteria with genetic advantages.
need help explaining. will choose brainliest
Which of the following is not a random occurrence?
A selection of the best-suited traits for the environment, leading to adaptive evolution
Genetic drift changing the gene pool of a population and creating fluctuations in the allele frequencies
The bottleneck effect after an earthquake, resulting in a reduction of genetic variation
The founder effect, when a small population is isolated and the gene pool significantly reduced from the parent population
i chose A. Am i right or not? can pls help explain? tysm