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Researchers in Tokyo recently discovered that a layer of dead bacteria can protect living bacteria beneath it for up to eight years. These bacteria beneath the protective layer of dead cells are resistant to radiation, desiccation, and lack of nutrition. These protected cells can even travel long distances in a vacuum without being killed. What idea for the origin of life is BEST supported by the description here? A) panspermia B) abiogenesis C) primordial soup formation D) formation of life at hydrothermal vent locations
Answers
Answer:
A biogenesis
Explanation:
A biogenesis is the idea that life has originated from small, single celled organic matter (such as bacteria). All of the other theories are less relavant to the topic.
Related Questions
In the ribonuclease experiments performed by Anfinsen, β-mercaptoethanol reduced:
a all bonds, and the unfolded protein molecules became tangled up with one another to form aggregates.
b incorrectly paired disulfide bonds, allowing them to reform with the correct pairing until the most stable conformation of the protein had been obtained.
c all incorrectly paired bonds and stabilized the protein structure.
d all bonds and destroyed the protein structure.
Answers
In the ribonuclease experiments performed by Anfinsen, β-mercaptoethanol reduced incorrectly paired disulfide bonds, allowing them to reform with the correct pairing until the most stable conformation of the protein had been obtained. So, option B is accurate.
In Anfinsen's ribonuclease experiments, β-mercaptoethanol was used to reduce disulfide bonds within the protein. Disulfide bonds are covalent bonds formed between two cysteine residues in a protein. When disulfide bonds are incorrectly paired or misfolded, they can lead to an unstable protein structure.
By adding β-mercaptoethanol, the mispaired disulfide bonds were reduced, breaking the incorrect bonds. This allowed the protein to refold and reform disulfide bonds in the correct pairing, gradually reaching the most stable conformation.
The purpose of these experiments was to demonstrate that the primary amino acid sequence of a protein contains the information necessary for its proper folding and formation of its native, functional structure. Anfinsen's work showed that even after denaturation, the correct folding of a protein can be achieved by allowing the disulfide bonds to form correctly.
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Which statement is true about the layers of the Earth? * 1 as temperature and pressure increases, density increases 2 As temperature and pressure increases, density decreases 3 Temperature and pressure are unrelated to density 4 Pressure and temperature are the only factors controlling density
Answers
Answer:
1. As temperature and pressure increases, density increases
Explanation:
The earth is composed of three main layers: Crust, Mantle and Core. The density or mass per unit volume of the earth's layers increases as one moves from the surface towards the interior of the earth known as the core. Also, there is an increase in pressure and temperature as depth increases. There are three main sources of heat in the earth's core: (1) conserved heat from when the planet formed and coalesced, (2) heat due to friction caused by denser core material sinking to the center of the planet, and (3) heat from the decay of radioactive elements.
The earth's core is composed almost entirely of the metals, iron and nickel. The core has an inner solid layer and a molten outer core. Iron and nickel are both very dense metals, so the core of the earth is very dense and the density increases with depth with the inner core being the most dense layer of the earth.
Two things required for respiration to occur
Answers
Answer:
Inhaling and exhaling
Homeostasis control in living things is exerted over all of the followingexcept . (a)Temperature (b) moisture level (c) response two stimuli (d) acidity level.
Answers
Homeostasis control in living things is exerted over all of the following except response to stimuli. The correct answer is C.
Homeostasis is the ability of a living organism or cell to maintain a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions. It involves the regulation of various physiological parameters, such as temperature, pH, fluid balance, moisture level, acidity level, and glucose levels, through feedback mechanisms that help to maintain a balanced and stable state.
This allows the organism or cell to function optimally and respond effectively to environmental challenges or changes. Homeostasis is essential for survival and is maintained by complex physiological and biochemical processes that work in harmony to keep the internal environment within a narrow range of acceptable levels.
However, the response to stimuli, such as sensory input from the environment, is not directly controlled by homeostatic mechanisms but by other physiological processes such as reflexes, sensory perception, and decision making in the brain.
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TRUE/FALSE.to avoid damaging the dna isolate, a glass rod is used and spun in one direction
Answers
To avoid damaging the DNA isolate, a glass rod is used and spun in one direction. This statement is true.
This process is called DNA spooling or DNA fishing. It involves the use of a sterile glass rod or pipette to gently pick up the DNA from the solution and then spun it in one direction to collect the DNA on the end of the rod. This technique is commonly used in molecular biology and genetic research to isolate DNA for further analysis.
If the DNA is not handled with care and caution, it can become damaged, broken, or degraded, which can result in inaccurate or incomplete results during downstream applications. Therefore, DNA spooling is an essential step in DNA isolation protocols to ensure the purity and integrity of the DNA sample.
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My cat, reuben, has a very a specific sleep cycle and observable behavior patterns around resting. what field of ecology may apply to this?
Answers
The given behavior of the cat is behavioral ecology. The correct option is D.
What is behavioral ecology?The study of the evolutionary basis for animal behavior as a result of ecological pressures is known as behavioral ecology.
Behavioral ecology studies the evolution of animal behaviors that allow them to adapt to and thrive in their environments. There are two types of behavior namely, learned and instinctive.
Many ecological outcomes are the consequence of behavioral processes, so behavior is crucial for ecology. Behavior determines how organisms interact with their environments.
Thus, the correct option is d.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
a. Population
b. Ecosystem
c. Community
d. Other(specify)
Himalayan coloring in rabbits is due to a dominant allele that codes for a tyrosinase enzyme which participates in the production of the dark pigment melanin. In cold temperatures, dark coloring is only found in the ears, nose and feet of the animal. White coloration develops on body areas where blood flow keeps the animal warm. The tyrosinase enzyme is most likely due to a ______.
Answers
The tyrosinase enzyme responsible for Himalayan coloring in rabbits is most likely due to a temperature-sensitive allele, option D is correct.
A temperature-sensitive allele refers to a genetic variant that produces different effects depending on the temperature. In the case of Himalayan rabbits, the allele coding for tyrosinase enzyme is active and produces dark pigment (melanin) in the cooler areas of the body, such as the ears, nose, and feet, where the temperature is lower.
In warmer areas with higher blood flow, the allele is inactive, resulting in the development of white coloration. This temperature-dependent expression of the allele leads to the characteristic Himalayan coloring pattern in rabbits, option D is correct.
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------ The complete question is:
Himalayan coloring in rabbits is due to a dominant allele that codes for a tyrosinase enzyme which participates in the production of the dark pigment melanin. In cold temperatures, dark coloring is only found in the ears, nose and feet of the animal. White coloration develops on body areas where blood flow keeps the animal warm. The tyrosinase enzyme is most likely due to a:
A. gain-of-function mutation
B. codominant allele
C. ss-of-function mutation
D. temperature-sensitive allele ------
Eukaryotic transcription is different than bacterial transcription because eukaryotic transcription ________.
Answers
Eukaryotic transcription is different than bacterial transcription because eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, involves RNA polymerase II, and includes additional steps that are not present in bacterial transcription.
In eukaryotic transcription, RNA polymerase II is responsible for transcribing protein-coding genes into pre-mRNA. The process of eukaryotic transcription occurs in the nucleus, which is separated from the cytoplasm by the nuclear envelope. Additionally, eukaryotic transcription requires several additional steps that are not present in bacterial transcription, including the processing of pre-mRNA into mature mRNA.
One of the key differences between eukaryotic and bacterial transcription is the presence of introns in eukaryotic genes. These non-coding regions must be removed from the pre-mRNA transcript in a process called splicing. Another difference is the involvement of several additional proteins, including transcription factors and chromatin remodeling complexes, in eukaryotic transcription.
Overall, eukaryotic transcription is a more complex process than bacterial transcription due to the presence of introns and the need for additional processing steps. Despite these differences, the fundamental principles of transcription are the same in both eukaryotic and bacterial cells.
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Complete each sentence with the appropriate term or phrase (not all words and phrases are used.) a target region of DNA The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produces many copies of toward each other doubles The boundaries of the target DNA are defined by hybridize The primers are complementary to template, their 3' ends point and, when hybridized with the two primers DNA synthesis One cycle of a PCR consists of three steps: heating to the template DNA, cooling to allow primers to - and heating to activate by DNA polymerase the same strand Each cycle of PCR the number of double-stranded target DNA molecules. A PCR with 22 cycles generates more than copies of the target region opposite DNA strands sequencing PCR products Some genetic diseases are determined by mutant alleles with SNPs. These mutant alleles are recognized by denature separating PCR products by size Other genetic diseases are determined by mutant alleles with deletions or insertions. These mutant alleles can be recognized by away from each other one million
Answers
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) produces many copies of a target region of DNA, and each cycle of PCR doubles the number of double-stranded target DNA molecules. A PCR with 22 cycles generates more than one million copies of the target region.
PCR consists of three steps: heating to denature the template DNA, cooling to allow primers to hybridize, and heating to activate DNA synthesis by DNA polymerase. The boundaries of the target DNA are defined by the primers, which are complementary to opposite DNA strands and have their 3' ends pointing toward each other. Some genetic diseases are determined by mutant alleles with SNPs, which can be recognized by sequencing PCR products. Other genetic diseases are caused by deletions or insertions and can be identified by separating PCR products by size.
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suppose that the concentration of a bacteria sample is bacteria per milliliter. if the concentration triples in days, how long will it take for the concentration to reach bacteria per milliliter?
Answers
Suppose that the concentration of a bacteria sample is bacteria per milliliter. if the concentration triples in days, it will take days for the bacteria sample to reach bacteria per milliliter.
In order to answer the question of how long it will take for the concentration of a bacteria sample to reach bacteria per milliliter, it is important to first know the original concentration of the sample. If the original concentration of the sample is bacteria per milliliter, then we can calculate the total time it will take for the concentration to triple.
First, calculate the additional bacteria per milliliter that must be added in order to reach the desired concentration. Subtracting the initial concentration from the desired concentration of bacteria yields us bacteria per milliliter more than the initial sample. Given that the concentration is tripling, the number of bacteria per milliliter needs to triple in order for the desired concentration to be reached.
This means that it will take days for the bacteria sample to reach the desired concentration of bacteria per milliliter. This is because, in each day, the concentration of bacteria is tripling, and it takes threefold of the original concentration to reach the desired concentration.
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If a dog had the genotype Aa, what color (phenotype) would his fur be?
A. Brown
B. White
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
For each of the genotypes below determine what the phenotype would be. ... AA DOM Ff ... In dogs, the gene for fur color has two alleles. ... phenotypes and genotypes of their possible puppies by using a Square.
how many atoms of nitrogen are in a chemical formula Ni(NO3)2?
O 3
O 2
O 1
O 6
Answers
Answer:
2
just did test
Explanation:
What kind of apple cider vinegar is good for diabetics?.
Answers
Organic apple cider vinegar is good for diabetics Diabetes is a chronic illness in which a person's body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. People with diabetes have to be very careful about the foods and beverages they consume since they have a direct effect
their blood sugar levels. Apple cider vinegar has been shown to have a number of health benefits, including the ability to lower blood sugar levels in people with type 2 diabetes. Because of this, many diabetics are interested in using apple cider vinegar to help control their blood sugar levels. it's important to choose the right type of apple cider vinegar. The type of apple cider vinegar that is best for diabetics is organic apple cider vinegar. This type of vinegar is made from organic apples
that have not been treated with any chemicals or pesticides. It is also unfiltered and unpasteurized, which means that it retains all of its natural enzymes and nutrients. Organic apple cider vinegar is also low in sugar and carbohydrates, which makes it a good choice for people with diabetes. Organic apple cider vinegar is the best type of vinegar for diabetics because it is low in sugar and carbohydrates. It is made from organic apples that have not been treated with any chemicals or pesticides, and it is unfiltered and unpasteurized, which means that it retains all of its natural enzymes and nutrients. Diabetics who are interested in using apple cider vinegar to help control their blood sugar levels should make sure to choose organic apple cider vinegar, and should talk to their doctor about how much vinegar to consume and how often.
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A student wants to investigate osmosis. A carrot was placed in a dilute solution.
a) What will happen to its mass?
b) The carrot was placed in 0.4 mol/dm 3 solution. Its mass did not change.
c) What does this tell us about the concentration of the carrot?
d) The carrot was placed in a concentrated solution. What will happen to its mass?
Answers
a) When a carrot is submerged in a diluted solution, water will osmosis into the carrot cells. As a result, the cells will become turgid and the carrot's mass will rise.
b) The carrot's inability to alter in mass when submerged in a 0.4 mol/dm3 solution shows that the solute concentration—which includes salts and sugars—within the carrot cells is also 0.4 mol/dm3. There is no net movement of water into or out of the cells at this concentration.
c) This indicates that the carrot and the 0.4 mol/dm3 solution have come to an equilibrium. At this concentration, the passage of water into and out of the cells is balanced, and there is no net gain or loss of water.
d) If the carrot is submerged in a concentrated solution, water will osmotically escape from the cells, plasmolyzing them. The mass of the carrot will shrink as a result.
OsmosisOsmosis is the transfer of water molecules from a region with a high concentration of water to a region with a low concentration of water through a membrane that is selectively permeable. Since a diluted solution contains more water molecules than carrot cells do, water will osmotically flow from the fluid into the cells. The carrot cells become turgid, which is another word for inflated and hard, as a result of this water inflow. The carrot's mass so grows as a result.The carrot's inertness in a 0.4 mol/dm3 solution shows that the solute concentration inside the cells of the carrot is also 0.4 mol/dm3. At this concentration, there is no net gain or loss of water since the flow of water into and out of the cells is balanced. This is due to the fact that the solute concentration in the carrot cells and the solution are the same. Isotonic describes this condition.learn more about osmosis here
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How do introduced species become established in a new ecosystem
Answers
(Hope this helps!!!) Can I pls have a brainliest??
Which sequence best represent the transfer of energy between these organism
Answers
Explanation:
plants > herbivorous insects > predaceous insects > toads.
When recording a customer payment in the Receive Payments window, which account should you select in the Deposit To field in order to later group multiple payments for deposit to the bank?
A. Cost of Goods Sold.
B. Accounts Receivable.
C. Undeposited Funds.
D. Checking account.
Answers
When recording a customer payment in the receive payment window one should choose a checking account. the correct option is D, checking account.
What is a checking account?
A checking account is a type of bank account that allows individuals or businesses to deposit, withdraw, and manage their funds easily.
Key features of a checking account:
Deposits and Withdrawals.Check Writing.Debit Card Access.Online and Mobile Banking.Account Statements.The checking account represents the bank account where the payments will be deposited once they are grouped together. Selecting the Checking account in the Deposit To field, ensure that the received payments are properly tracked and recorded. This allows you to later group multiple payments for deposit to the bank.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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What is isotonic solution?
Answers
HOPE IT IS THE RIGHT ANSWER... GOOD LUCK FOR YOUR ASSIGNMENT
which of the following cell types divide once activated in the presence of antigens? select all that apply. helper t cells b cells phagocytes cytotoxic t cells
Answers
The cell types that divide once activated in the presence of antigens are helper T cells, B cells, and cytotoxic T cells. Phagocytes do not divide upon activation.
Helper T cells, B cells, and cytotoxic T cells are all involved in the adaptive immune response, which is activated in the presence of antigens. Once activated, these cells undergo clonal expansion, which involves rapid division to produce large numbers of identical cells that can effectively eliminate the invading pathogen.
Phagocytes, on the other hand, are innate immune cells that engulf and digest pathogens, but they do not undergo division upon activation.
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What are two ways translation is regulated?
Answers
Answer:
through changes in the availability or activity of the "helper"
Explanation:
This process involves many "helper" proteins, which make sure the ribosome is correctly positioned. Translation can be regulated globally (for every mRNA in the cell) proteins.
16-year-old male was brought in experiencing nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and muscle pains in the
cervical, abdominal, femoral, brachial, sural, dorsal, and gluteal regions. Patient also complains of
severe radiating pain in the superior portion of the cephalic region. The patient suffered a short
seizure during his soccer game before being brought to the ER. Further assessment showed an
increased body temperature, rapid pulse, and a superficial rash extending distally brachial to
antebrachial on both upper and lower lateral limbs. Patient is also experiencing intermittent
emesis. Treat with 0. 9% saline IV inserted at manus region to avoid rash, and wait for further test
results.
*manus is hand
Answers
A 16-year-old male was brought in experiencing nausea, fatigue, dizziness, and muscle pains in the cervical, abdominal, femoral, brachial, sural, dorsal, and gluteal regions. The patient suffered a short seizure during his soccer game before being brought to the ER.
Further assessment showed an increased body temperature, rapid pulse, and a superficial rash extending distally brachial to antebrachial on both upper and lower lateral limbs.
The patient is experiencing severe radiating pain in the superior portion of the cephalic region and intermittent emesis. The presenting symptoms along with seizures and rash.
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A hurricane passes through the Gulf of Mexico and destroys many of the coastal regions of Northwest Florida,
Which of the following is a likely impact of this catastrophic event on biodiversity? Answer choices below
A. Species brought in by the storm surge will displace species native to the coastal wetlands.
B. Species reliant on coastal wetlands for survival may experience a decline in population due to loss of
habitat.
C. Coastal wetlands will grow exponentially with the input of nutrients from storm upwelling and biodiversity
will increase in these areas.
D. Excessive salt from the storm surge will flood coastal wetlands and raise salinity to intolerant levels for the
local species, causing a decrease in biodiversity
Answers
Answer:
A
Explanation:
on a phylogenetic tree, a grade is a: group of answer choices a slice through a phylogenetic tree that shows organisms of the same evolutionary complexity a slice through a phylogenetic tree that shows all the organisms that lived at the same point in time. all the branches off a stem of a phylogenetic tree all the organisms in a single clade
Answers
In a phylogenetic tree, a grade refers to a group of organisms that share a similar level of evolutionary complexity.
A grade in a phylogenetic tree is a term used to describe a grouping of organisms based on their evolutionary complexity or level of development. It represents a horizontal slice through the tree, encompassing organisms that have reached a particular stage of evolutionary advancement.
Grades are determined by specific characteristics or traits shared by the organisms within the group. These traits may include anatomical features, physiological adaptations, or behavioral patterns. Unlike a clade, which represents a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor and all of its descendants, a grade does not necessarily include all descendants of a common ancestor.
Instead, it focuses on organisms that have independently evolved similar characteristics or adaptations, regardless of their ancestral relationships. Grades provide a way to categorize organisms based on their relative level of complexity and track their evolutionary progress through time.
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The variety of different ways in which species within an ecosystem perform “jobs” that benefit the ecosystem and make it more resilient in the face of change is called __.
Answers
The variety of different ways in which species within an ecosystem perform "jobs" that benefit the ecosystem and make it more resilient in the face of change is called ____________.
A. Ecosystem Diversity
B. Functional Diversity
C. Species Diversity
D. Genetic Diversity
E. Biological Diversity
Answer:
B. Functional Diversity
Explanation:
Answer:Functional Diversity
Explanation:
what amino acids are coded for in this sequence of
codons.
mRNA: GCU ACG GAG CUU CGG AGC UAG
Answers
The amino acid coded is based on the mRNA, not the anticodon. Use your chart to figure this out.
alanine - threonine - glutamate - leucine - arginine - serine - stop
Why don't you mix the yeast and sugar solution before you get them to the correct temperature?
Answers
It is generally recommended not to mix yeast and sugar solution before reaching the correct temperature because high temperatures can harm or kill the yeast, affecting its ability to ferment and produce the desired results. Proper temperature control is essential for yeast activation and fermentation process.
Yeast is a microorganism that plays a crucial role in the process of fermentation, where it converts sugar into carbon dioxide and alcohol. Yeast is most active and effective within a specific temperature range, typically between 25 to 37 degrees Celsius (77 to 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit). Mixing yeast with sugar before reaching the correct temperature can expose the yeast to higher temperatures prematurely.
Exposing yeast to high temperatures can have adverse effects. Heat can denature or destroy the yeast's enzymes and proteins, impairing its ability to ferment. If the yeast is unable to function properly, it may lead to slower fermentation, incomplete fermentation, or even yeast cell death.
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The distinct role a species plays in its ecosystem.
a)Environmental niche
b)Ecological niche
c)Generalist species
d)Specific species
Answers
PLEASE HELP! ILL GIVE BRAINIEST! The graph shows the change in temperature of a sample of water in a closed system as thermal energy is added
over time.
Answers
The speed of the particles while the water undergoes a change of state remains the same.
The average speed of the particles of a substance also changes when it changes state, such as from solid to liquid or from liquid to gas. This is due to the fact that the force of attraction between particles in different states of matter is different. A solid expands when heated and eventually melts because the particles inside it absorb thermal energy and vibrate more rapidly around their fixed positions. During this process the average speed of the particles gradually increases.
Therefore, the correct option is D.
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Which valves that prevent blood from backing up into the ventricles of the heart and are named for their crescent moon shape?
Answers
The valves that prevent blood from backing up into the ventricles of the heart and are named for their crescent moon shape are the semilunar valve.
The semilunar valves are a pair of cardiac valves found in the arteries leading out of the heart. The heart has two semilunar valves: the pulmonary valve and the aortic valve. The pulmonary valve is positioned in the pulmonary artery and stops blood from flowing back into the right ventricle of the heart. The aortic valve is placed in the aorta and stops blood from flowing back into the heart's left ventricle. These valves open and close in response to changes in cardiac pressure, ensuring that blood flows correctly through the heart and out to the body. Semilunar valve dysfunction can lead to heart disease and other health problems.
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PLEASE ANSWER! Will give brainliest! ❤️
Answers
Answer:
you are right
Explanation: