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How are the economies of South Africa and Nigeria different from each other?

Tönnies referred to these societies as having "Gemeinschaft" relationships. In Gemeinschaft societies, relationships are personal, intimate, and characterized by strong social ties.

Ferdinand Tönnies, a German sociologist, developed the concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft to describe the two main types of societies. Gemeinschaft relationships are rooted in personal connections, shared values, and a sense of belonging to a community. These societies are typically small and closely-knit, with members feeling a strong bond and responsibility towards one another. In contrast, Gesellschaft relationships are more impersonal, utilitarian, and individualistic. These societies are larger and more complex, with members interacting primarily on the basis of self-interest.

Gemeinschaft relationships, as recognized by Tönnies, emphasize cooperation, shared traditions, and mutual support. Members of these societies often know one another well and engage in activities that promote collective well-being. This type of relationship can be found in small towns, rural areas, and close-knit neighborhoods where people frequently interact on a personal level.

In summary, Tönnies referred to societies with personal, intimate connections as having Gemeinschaft relationships. These relationships are characterized by strong social ties, shared values, and a sense of belonging to a community.

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Being praised by one's neighbors for organizing a neighborhood recycling program is an example of a positive informal sanction. Sanctions are a type of social control used to encourage conformity to social norms and values. Informal sanctions are those that are not explicitly codified or enforced by laws or formal institutions, but rather arise from social interactions and expectations.

Informal sanctions are social controls that arise from social interactions and expectations, rather than from formal institutions or laws. Positive informal sanctions, like praise or compliments, are used to encourage conformity to social norms and reinforce desired behavior.

For example, being praised by one's neighbors for organizing a neighborhood recycling program is a positive informal sanction, as it encourages environmentally friendly behavior and reinforces the social norm of taking responsibility for one's community.

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Answer:

C

Explanation:

These were used to keep records of seasons, tombstones and property markers

Research is often considered a social activity because it is a collaborative effort involving multiple individuals with different perspectives, skills, and expertise working together to solve problems.

Research is not just an individual pursuit, but a collective effort that often involves the collaboration of researchers from different institutions, disciplines, and countries. In addition to working with other researchers, research also involves engaging with participants, communities, and stakeholders to collect data, generate insights, and develop solutions that are relevant to their needs and perspectives.Furthermore, research is influenced by the social and cultural context in which it is conducted, as well as the values, norms, and expectations of the broader society. As a result, research has the potential to impact society in meaningful ways, and it is therefore important to consider the social implications of research, and to engage with stakeholders in ways that are ethical, transparent, and inclusive. In short, research is a social activity because it involves collaboration, engagement, and the consideration of social implications.

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The questions that should be asked so that one can avoid frustration are: What action does the receiver need to take? When must the receiver take action? What will happen if the receiver does not take action? What is the most interesting part of the message and How should the sender structure the message?

This is a feeling of being annoyed as a result of being unable to change or achieve something. Since one is the receiver who is trying to avoid inaccurate messages and frustration, all the questions that the receiver asks above should be followed.

From the above, the questions to ask in order to avoid frustration are:

The option starts from deciding the action needed, when it must be taken, the consequences of not taking the action, and the most significant part of the message conveyed.

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Answer:

the answer would be true

Based on the historical perspective, Karl Marx's idea on intellectuals need to not only theorize but attempt to improve it is termed PRAXIS

What is Praxis?

Praxis is a term that is made common by Karl Max. It is a word that defines the action or practice which is expected to be differentiated from theory.

Examples of Praxis are the following:

Therefore, in this case, it is concluded that the correct answer is PRAXIS.

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The five components of outrage and an example that illustrates the impact each has on risk perception are Voluntary vs. coerced,  Natural vs. industrial, Familiar vs. exotic, Memorable vs. not memorable, and Dreaded vs. not dreaded.

For example, a study found that people who lived near a nuclear power plant were more likely to be outraged by the risk of a nuclear accident than people who did not live near a nuclear power plant. This is because people who lived near the nuclear power plant were more familiar with the risk and they dreaded the consequences of a nuclear accident more than people who did not live near the nuclear power plant.

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Answer:

Ok. Because of the numerous achievements in the field of arts, literature, science and technology. Thats 4.

The improvement in maximal aerobic capacity, over this second, longer period of time, is primarily due to an increase in heart stroke volume, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and maximal oxygen uptake. These changes are caused by prolonged endurance training and continued overload during exercise.

These conditions have been linked to low levels of physical activity and sedentary lifestyles. In contrast, regular exercise has been shown to reduce the risk factors for these conditions and improve overall health and well-being. The physiologic components of our Fick Equation that are primarily responsible for this improvement in maximal aerobic capacity, over this second, longer period of time.

This allows it to pump more blood with each beat, which increases the amount of oxygen that can be delivered to the muscles during exercise. Arteriovenous oxygen difference: This represents the amount of oxygen that is taken up and used by the muscles. regular exercise can improve overall fitness, help to maintain a healthy weight, and improve mental health and well-being.

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The article "Hobbes and the Doctrine of Natural Rights: The Place of Consent in His Political Philosophy" by Martin Rex explores the role of consent in Thomas Hobbes' political philosophy concerning natural rights.

Hobbes is known for his social contract theory, which argues that individuals surrender certain rights to a sovereign authority in exchange for protection and security. Martin Rex delves into Hobbes' views on consent and natural rights, examining how Hobbes believed that consent was essential in establishing political legitimacy.

The article analyzes Hobbes' conceptualization of natural rights and the significance of consent in the formation of a just and stable society according to his political philosophy.

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The correct option is B) Preoccupation with food.

Preoccupation with food is not typically used as a compensatory method after a binge.

It is more commonly associated with disordered eating patterns, such as an obsession with food, excessive thoughts about food, or rigid food rules. However, it is not a compensatory method specifically used after a binge episode.

The other options mentioned—excessive exercise, forced vomiting, and the use of diuretics—are all compensatory behaviors that some individuals may engage in after a binge episode as a way to counteract the consumed calories or alleviate feelings of guilt or discomfort.

It's important to note that these behaviors are not healthy or recommended strategies and can be indicative of an eating disorder.

If someone is struggling with binge eating or disordered eating patterns, it's essential to seek professional help from a healthcare provider or mental health specialist.

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The study of ethics as an academic discipline is of great importance because it gives individuals a systematic understanding of moral principles and their application in different scenario. Scholars such as Rohr, Applebay, and Cooper argue that ethics fosters critical thinking, decision-making, and it is responsible for personal and professional spheres.

It provides individuals with the ability to navigate complex ethical dilemmas, encourages moral thinking, and promotes a sense of social responsibility.

System values ​​are the shared principles and norms that govern individual behavior within a particular administrative system. They provide a moral compass and help shape ethical standards and behavior in public administration.

Various ethical theories serve as a basis for understanding ethical dilemmas in public administration.

For example, utilitarianism emphasizes maximizing the overall well-being or happiness of the greatest number of people. De-ontological ethics focus on following moral rules and obligations regardless of consequences. Virtue ethics focuses on the development of moral character and virtue.

These theories offer different perspectives and frameworks for analyzing ethical issues in public administration, considering the consequences, principles, and virtues involved. Understanding these theories helps facilitate ethical analysis, decision-making, and ethical behavior in public administration. 

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Fishing industry are all process which involve extraction of fishes and other aquatic animals and processing them for final consumption.The fishing industry is well developed in Norway and it takes place in north sea. Norway is leading country in fishing sector in Europe. Fishing is done in the sea because fish farming inland is difficulty due to harsh climate. The species commonly fished are cod and herring.

Answer:

Heavy taxation and compulsory labor duties caused widespread revolts and a brief civil war. ... After capturing Daxing (now Xi'an), Li Yuan declared himself Emperor Gaozu of the Tang Dynasty in the year 618.

Explanation:

Hope this helps :D

Answer: "the credit card company's money to pay for the purchase."

Explanation:

A credit card is when you buy something and pay it back at the end of the month. (like a loan)

It uses the credit card's money to make the purchase.

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She cannot train her memory by playing video games. We must practise certain things in order to increase our memory and focus.

Recognition occurs when you recognise knowledge that you have already learned after running into it again. It entails a comparative process. In order to select the right response on a multiple-choice test, you must use recognition. The propensity to remember stimuli that are presented later in a list better is known as the recency effect. To aid in memory, retrieval cues are essential. This is due to the fact that after information is put in memory, it is retrieved from long-term memory by association with another object. Retrieval cues are crucial because of the association's function.

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Making decisions that enhance the environment rather than harm it entails being aware of the surrounding environment.

The media should help individuals develop environmental consciousness and serve as a risk communicator or a promoter of any information, knowledge, and ethical behavior when it comes to environmental concerns.

The media may also help people understand the underlying causes of the most urgent environmental concerns facing the globe by helping them link causes and consequences, gain knowledge, and reflect on the information they are given. The general public's understanding of environmental concerns must be increased through the media. All of the aforementioned activities might be carried out via digital media, especially the Internet.

• The media's local and global effects and environmental consciousness.

1. Provides individuals with access to geographic information - Through newspapers, radio, television, and even the internet, people may gain a full grasp of geography. The current events in the world, for which nothing is being done, and the appropriate representations that are being made in the media have a significant impact on people.

2. Determination of the factors impacting nature: By overusing natural resources for economic and social growth, humans are now constructing an artificial, man-made environment. Through media coverage and education, people can learn about some forces and acts that have a harmful influence on our environment.

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Answer: they show them things in the real world Maybe things they learned as a teen and so there kids don't make the same mistake as them.

bad: some strict parents don't let their kids be them so there kids end up being bad.

good: They show the real life problems.

plz give me the brain

Answer:

D. A measles outbreak killed about half the local Cayuse.

Explanation:

It said that on ed2020. btw can i get brainliest???

Answer:

The person above me is correct!

Explanation:

~ Stay inside, stay safe. Wishing you c/o/v/i/d-free hugs! ^-^ ~

Violence in prison today is a tool used to establish hierarchy by separating the powerful from the weak. Prison violence is a worldwide phenomenon that has existed since the inception of prisons.

The primary goal of imprisonment is to punish and rehabilitate offenders, which should, in theory, result in a reduction in criminal behavior. However, there is an abundance of evidence to suggest that, in practice, prisons often fail to accomplish this goal.

Instead, many prisoners are subjected to appalling living conditions, substandard medical care, and, most concerning of all, regular violent attacks by other inmates. In this way, prisons can exacerbate rather than mitigate criminal behavior.

However, prison violence is not random; instead, it is often driven by a desire to establish a hierarchical order amongst prisoners. The "powerful" inmates will often prey on the "weak" inmates, establishing dominance and respect within the prison hierarchy.

This hierarchy can manifest in many forms, from prisoners who control the drugs and contraband trade to those who act as enforcers, meting out violence as a means of controlling and regulating the prison population.

The use of violence in prisons is a persistent and concerning problem that requires significant reform to address the root causes of prison violence and establish safer, more humane prison environments.

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Answer:

There are many meaning for example:

National Bank & Trust. Business » Banking. Rate it: NBT: Nitro- Blue Tetrazolium. Medical » Laboratory. Rate it: NBT: Neighborhood Bible Time. Community » Religion. Rate it: NBT: National Book Trust. Miscellaneous » Unclassified. Rate it: NBT: Next Best Thing. Miscellaneous

The meaning of the abbreviation NBT is the National Benchmark Test.

The meaning of the abbreviation NBT is the National Benchmark Test.

The National Benchmark Tests (NBTs) are assessments for first-year applicants into higher education institutions.

It is crucial in order to assess a candidate's ability, academic literacy as well as  his or her quantitative and Mathematics ability

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Answer:

Indians because they had to hunt deer and gather berries in order to survive.

Answer:Philip's hypothesis is that educational television programs such as Sesame Street could promote reading ability in young children.

The experimental group consists of the ten parent volunteers whose children were instructed to watch a one-hour Sesame Street program each day after school.

The control group consists of the ten parent volunteers whose children were instructed to watch a one-hour non-educational cartoon of their choice.

The independent variable is the type of television program watched by the children (educational program vs. non-educational program).

The dependent variable is the standardized reading test score administered to both groups after three months.

Some possible confounds in this experiment could include:

Individual differences among the children in terms of their prior reading ability or exposure to educational materials.

Variations in the amount of time the children spend watching television or engaging in other reading-related activities outside of the experiment.

The influence of other factors in the children's environment, such as parental involvement in reading or access to books at home.

It is unclear from the information provided whether Philip controlled for these confounds or took them into account. The experiment could be improved by implementing random assignment of participants to groups, ensuring similar prior reading ability among participants, and monitoring and controlling for other factors that may impact reading ability.

Based on the information given, it is difficult to determine the validity of Philip's research as a test of his hypothesis. Without more details on how he controlled for confounding variables and ensured the integrity of the experiment, it is challenging to assess its validity.

Explanation:

Philip's hypothesis implies that exposure to educational television programs, which are designed to be engaging and educational, can provide children with valuable learning experiences that contribute to their reading development.

Philip wants to investigate whether educational television programs, specifically Sesame Street, can have a positive impact on the reading ability of 6-year-old children.

The experimental group in this scenario refers to the ten parent volunteers who were instructed to have their children watch a one-hour Sesame Street program each day after school. These children are part of Philip's experiment to test his belief that educational television programs like Sesame Street can promote reading ability in young children.

The comparison group refers to the group of participants in an experiment that serves as a baseline for comparison against the experimental group. By having a control group that follows a different activity, Philip can evaluate the impact of the educational television program on reading ability.

The independent variable is the aspect of the experiment that is manipulated or controlled by the researcher. In this case, Philip manipulates the independent variable by assigning different groups of children to watch either Sesame Street or a non-educational cartoon. By varying the type of television program watched, Philip can examine the effects of educational programming on reading ability in young children.

The dependent variable is the variable that is measured or observed in an experiment. It is the outcome or response that is expected to be influenced by the independent variable.

In this case, Philip measures the reading ability of the children in both the experimental group and the comparison group. The results of the experiment show that the average test score of the students in the experimental group is substantially higher than that of the students in the comparison group. This suggests that the dependent variable, which is the reading ability of the children, has been influenced by the independent variable, which is the type of television program watched.

There are several factors that Philip did not address or control for in this experiment. Firstly, he did not consider the children's initial reading abilities. If the children in the experimental group had higher reading abilities at the beginning of the experiment, it could have influenced the results.

Additionally, Philip did not account for other educational materials or experiences that the children might have had during the three-month period. Furthermore, variations in parental involvement and support for reading at home were not taken into account.

While Philip's experiment provides some evidence in support of his hypothesis that educational television programs like Sesame Street could promote reading ability in young children, it has certain limitations. The design of the study lacks random assignment of participants to the experimental and comparison groups, which could introduce bias and affect the internal validity of the research.

Additionally, there may be confounding variables that were not adequately controlled for, such as differences in the children's initial reading abilities or their exposure to other educational materials outside of the experiment.

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Answer:

—because it makes almost no sense. It is almost completely absent from our general life experience.

The main reasons? It’s a basic economic observation that is truly in nearly every human society and decision:

I would change war, famine, and climate change

Answer:

D. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau

Explanation:

Ralph Waldo Emerson: is the Top Dog of Transcendentalism. The whole movement got going largely because of his efforts.

Henry David Thoreau: is the fella who brought you civil disobedience and Walden Pond, and he's the other big name associated with Transcendentalism. 

According to the behavioral approach to studying leadership, the type of behavior that includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output, and following the rules is task performance behavior.

Task performance behavior refers to the leader's emphasis on setting clear goals, monitoring progress, and ensuring that tasks are completed efficiently and effectively. Leaders exhibiting task performance behavior prioritize productivity, adherence to standards, and the achievement of desired outcomes.

They provide guidance, clarify expectations, and allocate resources to support task accomplishment. This behavior is centered around achieving objectives, maintaining high standards, and maximizing individual and group performance in relation to the tasks and goals at hand.

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Complete Question:

According to the behavioral approach to studying leadership, which type of behavior includes a focus on work speed, quality and accuracy, quantity of output, and following the rules: task performance, supportive, laissez-faire, or harmonious group maintenance?

Explanation:

In 1497, King Henry VII of England dispatched an expedition led by John Cabot to explore the coast of North America, but the lack of precious metals or other riches discouraged both the Spanish and English from permanently settling in North America during the early 16th century.

Since Masako no longer drives faster than the legal speed limit, then it illustrates the impact of punishment.

Punishment can be regarded as the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome as a results of wrong act by a person.

Therefore, punishment can be imposed upon a group or individual, meted out by an authority.

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