Graham's law states that, the rate by which a gas effuses is __________ to the square root of the molar mass of that gas
A) not related
B) directly proportional
C) inversely proportional
D) a multiple

Answer:

Fluid friction describes the friction between layers of a viscous fluid that are moving relative to each other

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Lavoisier believed in the caloric theory.

Caloric was a self-repelling fragment that adhered to matter. The heat was a mysterious fluid stored in the matter and liberate during burning and chemical reactions. Heat walk to cold. Hot objects had caloric and cold had little caloric.

The caloric theory is a disused scientific theory that heat consists of a self-resistant fluid called caloric that flows from hotter bodies to colder bodies. Caloric was also the notion of a weightless gas that could pass in and out of pores in solids and liquids.

So we can conclude that Caloric theory The caloric theory is an outworn scientific theory that heat consists of a fluid called caloric.

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Answer:

Explanation:

A

Answer:

The distance light travels in a tiny fraction of a second

Explanation:

One meter is defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum in \(\dfrac{1}{299 792 458}\) of a second. It is also equal to the one \(\dfrac{1}{10}\) of the distance from the equator to the North Pole. It is one of the fundamental units. It is a SI unit of length. So, the standard definition of 1 mete is the distance light travels in a tiny fraction of a second.

Hence, the correct option is (d).

Explanation:

Refer to pic...........

Explanation:

The claim that hydrogen chloride (HCl) would be much stronger than nitric acid (HNO3) due to opposing dipole forces is incorrect.

Both HCl and HNO3 are strong acids, meaning that they dissociate completely in water to produce H+ ions. The strength of an acid is determined by the degree to which it dissociates in water. In other words, the stronger the acid, the more H+ ions it produces in water.

The dissociation of HCl and HNO3 in water can be represented as follows:

HCl + H2O → H+ + Cl-

HNO3 + H2O → H+ + NO3-

As we can see, both HCl and HNO3 produce H+ ions in water. Therefore, the strength of an acid cannot be solely determined by its dipole forces.

In addition, it's important to note that HCl is a much more volatile and corrosive acid than HNO3. It can cause severe respiratory and skin irritation when it is inhaled or comes into contact with skin. Therefore, switching HNO3 for HCl could be dangerous and should not be done without proper precautions and expert knowledge

The given reaction is exothermic. 1- Option A, 2- Option A, 3- Option A.

The equilibrium reaction is expressed as:

CoCl₄²⁻(aq) <--> Co²⁺(aq) + 4 Cl⁻(aq) + heat

There is a predominance of pink color which means the product formation is favored. So the reaction is exothermic.

1. This reaction is exothermic. So option A is correct.

2. When the temperature is decreased the equilibrium constant, K:

equilibrium constant = [products] / [reactants] = [Co²⁺][Cl⁻⁴ / [CoCl₄²⁻]

temperature is decreased then the concentration of Cl- and Co²⁺ increases and so K increases.

A. Increases.

3. When the temperature is increased the equilibrium concentration of Co²⁺: temperature is decreased then the equilibrium shifts in the right direction.

A. Increases.

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The amount of gas required to fill the room is 27076.4 g

To calculate the grams of the gas that will fill the room, we make use of the formula below

⇒ Formula:

⇒ Where:

⇒ make m the subject of the equation

From the question,

⇒ Given:

⇒ Converting the volume from ft³ to m³

Substitute these values into equation 2

Hence, The amount of gas required to fill the room is 27076.4 g

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A boulder sits at rest on top of a mountain. What conclusion can be made about the forces acting on the boulder? The forces acting on the boulder are balanced (net force equals zero).

If a boulder sits at rest on the top of the mountain , the forces acting on the boulder are zero as it is in the state of rest.

Force is defined as a cause which is capable of changing the motion of an object. It can cause an object which has mass to change it's velocity. It is also simply a push or a pull . It has both magnitude as well as direction.Hence, it is a vector quantity.

It has SI units of Newton and is represented by'F'.Newton's second law states that force which acts on an object is equal to momentum which changes with time. If mass of object is constant, acceleration is directly proportional to net force acting on an object.

The concepts which related to force are thrust and torque .Thrust increases the velocity of an object and torque produces change in rotational speed of an object.

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The solubility of a substance is influenced by many factors, including temperature, pressure, and the type of solvent used. Knowing the solubility of a substance can be useful in a variety of applications, such as:

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The correct option is (C). The approximate final volume of a solution prepared by diluting 25 mL of 8.25 M sodium hydroxide to a concentration of 2.40 M is 86 mL (option C).

To find the final volume of the solution, we can use the formula:

C1V1 = C2V2

Where C1 is the initial concentration, V1 is the initial volume, C2 is the final concentration, and V2 is the final volume.

Plugging in the values we know, we get:

(8.25 M) (25 mL) = (2.40 M) (V2)

Solving for V2, we get:

V2 = (8.25 M x 25 mL) / 2.40 M
V2 = 86.25 mL

Therefore, the approximate final volume of the solution prepared by diluting 25 mL of 8.25 M sodium hydroxide to a concentration of 2.40 M is 86 mL (option C).

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Answer:8

842.46 or to the next whole number

Explanation:

just multiply the mass of iron with the volume mL you have.

The mass of the iron whose volume and density are 111 ml and 7.847 g/cm³ respectively is 871.01 grams.

The product of density and volume of a substance represents its mass. Mathematically -

M = V x ρ

where -

ρ - density

M - mass

V - volume

Given is iron in liquid form. It occupies a total volume of 111 ml.

The mass of liquid iron can be calculated using -

M = V x ρ

Volume of iron [V] = 111 ml = 111 cm³.

Density of iron [ρ] = 7.847 g/cm³

Therefore, we can write -

M = 7.847 x 111

M = 871.01 grams

Therefore, the mass of the iron whose volume and density are 111 ml and 7.847 g/cm³ respectively is 871.01 grams.

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Product prediction and solubility rules in the following chemical reactions

MgBr2 (aq) + Cl2 (g) → MgCl2 (aq) + Br2 (aq)

Reaction type: Substitution

2 Al (s) + Fe2O3 (s) → Al2O3 (s) + 2 Fe (s)

Reaction type: Redox

ZnCl2 + 2 AgNO3 → Zn(NO3)2 + 2 AgCl

Reaction type: Double substitution

H2SO4 (aq) + 2 NaOH (aq) → Na2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

Reaction type: Neutralization

4 Al (s) + 3 O2 (g) → 2 Al2O3 (s)

Reaction type: Oxidation

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Diatomic oxygen (O₂) is more likely to appear than carbon dioxide (CO₂) or carbon monoxide (CO).

This is because diatomic oxygen is a highly abundant molecule in Earth's atmosphere, making up about 21% of the air we breathe. In contrast, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide are present in much lower concentrations, with carbon dioxide making up only about 0.04% of the atmosphere and carbon monoxide being present in trace amounts.

Additionally, diatomic oxygen is involved in many important biological and chemical processes, such as respiration and combustion, which further increases its likelihood of appearing. Carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, on the other hand, are mostly produced as byproducts of certain chemical reactions or as a result of human activities such as burning fossil fuels or deforestation.

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Answer:

Sometimes forces act to pull sections of the Earth's crust apart. At other times they are forced together. All this movement can cause rocks that were once underground to be brought up to the Earth's surface. This process is called uplift.

Explanation:

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The common ion effect is a phenomenon that occurs when a salt is dissolved in a solution that already contains one of its constituent ions. It causes the equilibrium position of the acid or base dissociation reaction to shift to the left. This is because the addition of the common ion,

in this case, decreases the solubility of the salt, making it more difficult for the acid to ionize. The main answer is that the common ion effect for weak acids is to significantly decrease the dissociation of the acid in water.Therefore, when a weak acid is dissolved in a solution that already contains a common ion, it will have a lower concentration of hydrogen ions than if it was dissolved in pure water. This decreases the extent of dissociation and makes the solution less acidic.

For example, if acetic acid is dissolved in a solution of sodium acetate, the acetate ions will already be present in the solution. When the acetic acid dissociates, it will be in equilibrium with the acetate ions from the sodium acetate, causing the dissociation of the acid to decrease. Thus, the common ion effect can be used to control the pH of a solution by adding a salt that contains the common ion of an acid or a base.

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Explanation:

1.) 6Li + Al2(CO3)3 -----> 3Li2CO3 + 2Al

From the stoichiometry of the equation,

6 moles of Li reacts with 1 mole of Al2(CO3)3

x of Li will react with 1.64 moles of Al2(CO3)3

=> x = (1.64 × 6) ÷ 1

=> x = 9.84 moles of Li

2.) 2Mg + N2 -----> 2MgN

2 moles of Mg react completely with 14 g of N2

4.226 moles of Mg will react with x of N2

=> x = (4.226 × 14) ÷ 2

=> x = 29.582 g of N2

3.) 8Fe + S8 -----> 8FeS

256 g of Sulphur give 8(56 + 32)g of FeS

16 g of Sulphur will give x of FeS

=> x = (16 × 704) ÷ 256

=> x = 44 g of FeS

256 g of Sulphur react with 8(56)g of Fe

16 g of Sulphur will react with x of Fe

=> x = (16 × 8 × 56) ÷ 256

=> x = 28 g of Fe

4.) B2H6 + 3O2 -----> HBO2 + 2H2O

27.6 g of B2H6 burn in 3(32)g of O2

31.6 g of B2H6 will burn in x of O2

=> x = (31.6 × 3 × 32) ÷ 27.6

=> x = 109.9 g of O2

27.6 g of B2H6 produce 2 moles of H2O

12.8 g of B2H6 will produce x of H2O

=> x = (12.8 × 2) ÷ 27.6

=> x = 0.93 moles of H2O

Answer:

correct answers:

objecting to a local and consent bill

chubbing

filibuster

incorrect answers:

amending legislation

vetoing legislation

Explanation:

Answer:

The Independent Variable is what we change or control in the experiment. The Dependent Variable is what we are testing and will be measured in the experiment. The Control Variables are what we keep the same during the experiment to make sure it's a fair test. hope this helps =)

Explanation:

The final temperature of the gas is 300 Kelvin (or 26.85 degrees Celsius).

To solve this problem, we can use the Ideal Gas Law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the gas constant, and T is temperature in Kelvin. We can assume that the number of moles and the gas constant remain constant.
First, we need to convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15. So the initial temperature is 318.15 K.
Next, we can use the initial conditions to solve for nR/P.
nR/P = (12.0 mL * 8.0 bar) / 1000 mL/L = 0.096 L*bar/mol
Now we can use this value and the new volume and pressure to solve for the final temperature.
T = (nR/P) / (Vf) = (0.096 L*bar/mol) / (40.0 mL / 1000 mL/L * 2.0 bar) = 1.2 L*bar/mol / L*bar/K = 300 K
Therefore, the final temperature of the gas is 300 Kelvin (or 26.85 degrees Celsius).

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The benefit of genetically engineering corn to produce its own Bt toxin is that it can protect the plant from insects without the need for additional insecticide application, reducing the environmental impact and cost of farming.

Genetic engineers use a bacterium called Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) to transfer the Bt toxin gene into the corn plant, typically through a process called Agrobacterium-mediated transformation or gene gun bombardment.

Bt toxin is a protein produced by the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis that is toxic to many insect pests. By engineering corn to produce its own Bt toxin, the plant becomes resistant to certain insects, reducing the need for farmers to apply insecticides, which can have negative environmental impacts and add cost to farming.

To insert the Bt toxin gene into the corn plant, genetic engineers typically use a bacterium called Agrobacterium tumefaciens, which naturally transfers DNA between itself and plants. The Bt toxin gene is inserted into the bacterium, which then infects the corn plant and transfers the gene into the plant's DNA.

Alternatively, genetic engineers can use a gene gun to bombard the corn plant with microscopic gold or tungsten particles coated with the Bt toxin gene. The gene is then incorporated into the plant's DNA through a process called homologous recombination. Both methods have been used successfully to create Bt corn.

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It is  observed that the temperature varies greatly at the three different locations - North Pole, South Pole, and Equator.

The  possible claim for this variation in temperature could be the difference in the amount of solar radiation received by these regions

The equator is described as  a circle of latitude that divides a spheroid, such as Earth, into the northern and southern hemispheres.

The North and South Poles experience much lower temperatures compared to the Equator while the equator experiences much higher temperatures.

This assertion is supported by the graph's data, which shows that while the temperature in the North and South Poles continues to be low, it is constantly high at the equator.

A greater sensitivity to variations in solar radiation is also indicated by the fact that the change in temperature over time is far greater in the poles than it is at the Equator.

In conclusion, it can be inferred that the variance in solar energy received at these places is mostly to blame for the fluctuation in temperature.

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Explanation:

The molecules of solids are shrinked in there normal state . but as a heat energy is produced , the molecules starts curating fast and fast as temperature goes up . since they vibrate , they hit and collide each other breaking the bondings this increases the surface of area of the solid , and molecules consumes that space and they expand .

Answer: Yes.

Explanation:

the number of protons in the nucleus determines an element's identity. Chemical changes do not affect the nucleus, so chemical changes cannot change one type of atom into another. The number of protons in a nucleus does change sometimes, however. The identity of the atom, therefore, changes.

Answer: hydrogen + oxygen Right arrow .water

Explanation:

The exact equation for this reaction is;

2H2  +  O2 ------------->   2H2O

hydrogen + oxygen Right arrow. water is the correct option.

The equation shows hydrogen reacting with oxygen to form water is as follows:-

\(2H_2+O_2\rightarrow2H_2O\)

The above reaction in word form is written as follows:-

\(hydrogen+Oxygen \rightarrow water\)

So, hydrogen + oxygen Right arrow. water is the correct option.

Hydrogen-H

Oxyden-O

Water-\(H_2O\)

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True, all salts are ionic compounds, but not all ionic compounds are salts. A compound that is created through ionic bonding is known as an ionic compound.

Ionic atoms are molecules that are made up of ions. Ions are atoms that gain or lose electrons; they can be positively or negatively charged. Nonmetals gain negative charge by losing electrons, whereas metals gain positive charge by losing electrons, forming cations.

Cations have a tendency to have a positive charge while anions have a negative charge. Normally, ionic bonding exists between metals and non-metals.

The ions bond together or are held together by electrostatic forces as a result of the opposite charges on them. In an ionic bond, oppositely charged atoms are drawn to one another and their charges balance out to create neutral molecules.

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The percentage of acid present in the mixture is 55% if 12l of a 45% acid solution are mixed with 8l of a 70% acid solution.

To solve this problem, we need to use the concept of mixing two solutions to create a new mixture. The amount of acid in each solution is given as a percentage.
First, let's calculate the total amount of acid in each solution:
- For the 45% acid solution, we have 12 liters * 0.45 = 5.4 liters of acid.
- For the 70% acid solution, we have 8 liters * 0.70 = 5.6 liters of acid.
Next, we can calculate the total amount of acid in the mixture by adding the amounts from each solution:
- Total acid in mixture = 5.4 liters + 5.6 liters = 11 liters
Finally, we can calculate the percentage of acid in the mixture by dividing the total amount of acid by the total volume of the mixture:
- Percentage of acid in mixture = (11 liters / 20 liters) * 100% = 55%

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