genes associated with rsv lower respiratory tract infection and asthma: the application of genetic epidemiological methods to understand causality.

Natural resources are used to create synthetic materials.

Synthetic materials are created by chemically altering the starting substances to produce a material with distinct properties.

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Answer:

its the ancient greek term for "the ulimate particles of matter" sorry if im wrong

Explanation:

Answer:

Indivisible

Explanation:

Well it means uncuttable which is a synonym to indivisible

Answer: A DNA template is used to create an mRNA strand.

Explanation:

Transcription basically means a written or printed representation of something, if we connect that analogy to DNA, we are using the DNA as our template to write/create an mRNA strand out of it, basically transcribing the DNA.

The correct answer is: d.

Chordates are a group of animals that share several key characteristics. These include:

1. Notochord: The notochord is a flexible, rod-like structure that runs along the length of the body in chordates. It provides support and rigidity, acting as an internal skeletal structure. In some chordates, such as humans, the notochord is present only during early embryonic development and is eventually replaced by the vertebral column (backbone). However, in other chordates like lancelets and hagfishes, the notochord persists throughout their lives.

2. Pharyngeal Pouches: Pharyngeal pouches are structures that form in the pharyngeal region (throat region) during embryonic development of chordates. In some chordates, these pouches develop into gill slits, which are used for respiration in aquatic species. However, in other chordates, including humans, these pouches are modified to form various structures like parts of the ear, throat, and neck.

3. Postanal Tail: A postanal tail is an extension of the body beyond the anus. It is a characteristic feature of chordates and is present during some stage of their life cycle. In certain chordate groups, such as fish and mammals, the tail is more prominent, while in humans, it is reduced and becomes the coccyx (tailbone). The tail serves different functions in different species, including locomotion, balance, and swimming.

4. Coelom: The coelom is a body cavity that is fully lined with mesoderm, one of the three primary germ layers in developing embryos. It is present in many chordates and plays important roles in providing space for organ development, protection, and flexibility. The coelom allows for the organization and movement of internal organs within the body.

These characteristics collectively define the chordates and serve as key features that distinguish them from other animal groups. While not all chordates exhibit all of these characteristics in adulthood, they are present at some point during their development.

These features have evolved and diversified in different chordate lineages, adapting to various lifestyles and environments while retaining the underlying chordate body plan.

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Being an umbrella species, the Florida Panther serves as the hub of a ecological community in its environment. Florida's panther conservation indirectly helps the state's other fragile and endangered species of wildlife.

The introduction of Texas pumas made sense because they were the closest modern population to Florida and might potentially restore Florida panther genetic diversity. However, this action could have brought some hazards because it mixed individuals with different environmental adaptations.

Following the creation of a panther bounty in 1832, Florida panthers were subject to extensive hunting. The species was thought to be a hazard to people, cattle, and game animals by the middle of the 1950s. Currently, habitat loss, fragmentation, & degradation are the biggest threats to a remaining panther population.

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The disease can be classified as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2 subtype using FAB classification. The WHO classifies patient's hematologic malignancy as recurrent genetic abnormalities. Based on the flow cytometry results, the abnormality would be t(8;21).

Based on the given flow cytometry results, the cytochemical stain result would show a myeloid origin of the disease. The classification using FAB (French-American-British) would be acute myeloid leukemia (AML) M2 subtype, which is characterized by the presence of blasts with Auer rods and expression of CD34 and CD117.

The WHO classification of this patient's hematologic malignancy would also be AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities. This is because the patient has a specific genetic abnormality, which will be discussed in the next answer.

Based on the flow cytometry results, the expected cytogenetic abnormality would be t(8;21), which is a recurrent chromosomal translocation found in approximately 5-10% of AML cases. This translocation results in the fusion of the RUNX1 (also known as AML1) gene on chromosome 21 with the RUNX1T1 (also known as ETO) gene on chromosome 8.

The flow cytometry results show the expression of CD34 and CD117, which are both markers associated with the t(8;21) translocation. CD34 is a marker for hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells and is expressed in 80-90% of AML cases with the t(8;21) translocation. CD117 is a marker for the c-kit receptor, which is also commonly expressed in AML with the t(8;21) translocation.

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In the Calvin cycle, NADPH and ATP formed in the light reactions lose their stored chemical energy to build glucose.

Microtubules start at the centrosome and then connect to the kinetochores, which are structures at the central region of chromosomes. The centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing center (MTOC) in most animal cells, whereas plant cells lack a typical centrosome.

The two spindle poles are the central region of a chromosome where a kinetochore is connected. Microtubules are a type of cytoskeletal protein filament that plays a crucial role in the mechanics of cell division.

Microtubules, together with actin and intermediate filaments, form the cytoskeleton, which is the structural framework of the cell. Microtubules also transport vesicles and organelles, support cell shape, and mediate cell signaling.

They are also crucial in cell division, serving as a framework for the mitotic spindle, a structure that segregates chromosomes during cell division.

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Answer:

light dependant reactions

Explanation:

Photosynthesis is carried out by green plants. The initial step of photosynthesis is the photolysis of water. This is a part of the light reaction.

Photosynthesis is completed in two steps: the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction. The sun is required for the light-dependent reaction. Two photosystems are involved in the light reaction. Light reaction starts from photolysis of water.

The reaction starts at photosystem II (PSII). At this site, the photolysis of water takes place. As a result, sunlight causes the water to break and electrons to be released. This electron moves to plastoquinone. During the electron movement, protons are pumped to the thylakoid lumen.

From the plastoquinone, an electron moves to the cytochrome complex and then to the PSI complex through plastocyanin. From the PSI complex, the electron moves to NADP reductase to form NADPH. All the protons present in the lumen move through the ATP synthase complex, and ATP is produced. The journey of electrons starts with the photolysis of water.

Hence, photosynthesis starts with the breakdown of water molecules.

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Darwin applied the observation of ostriches and rheas living on grasslands on separate continents as he developed hypotheses to explain the distribution and differences of the birds.

Thus, the correct answer is he developed hypotheses to explain the distribution and differences of the birds (B).

Darwin discovered several species of animals that were geographically remote but similar in characteristics. He hypothesized that similar species must have diverged from a common ancestor that has adapted to various environments over time.

For example, the ostrich and the rhea both have long legs, allowing them to run quickly on the grassland plains they live on. They both have wings, but they do not fly, as the environment did not necessitate flying as a survival trait. The fact that the ostrich and rhea are similar in appearance and behavior but are geographically separate led Darwin to hypothesize that they must have descended from a common ancestor.

Your question is incomplete, but most probably your options were

A. He tested the birds to see if each would survive in the other’s environment.

B. He developed hypotheses to explain the distribution and differences of the birds.

C. He concluded that one of the birds must have evolved from the other bird.

D. He developed hypotheses to explain how each bird produced more of its own kind.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Exhaled air for 90 minutes would be 40 breaths per minute (at 1 litre per breath) x 90 minutes =3600 litres x 0.16= 576 litres of oxygen, In other words, first work out the amount of air breathed out in litres/minute and then multipy by the number of minutes to get the total litres of air breathed out and then multiply that figure by 0.16 (16 % oxygen per volume of air) to get total litres of oxygen breathed out

Answer: D) Afferent arteriole

Explanation:

The glomerulus is a tuft of capillaries located within Bowman's capsule within the kidney. Glomerular mesangial cells structurally support the tufts. Blood enters the capillaries of the glomerulus by a single arteriole called an afferent arteriole and leaves by an efferent arteriole.

Soil water makes land-based life possible by satisfying plant water requirements (e.g., for crops and forests), by serving as a medium for nutrient movement to plant roots and nutrient cycling (e.g., fungal and microbial decay, mineralization, fertilization)...

Muscle cells are generally considered to be in a state of permanent cell cycle withdrawal known as G0, where they remain quiescent and do not actively divide. Certain external signals can induce muscle cells to re-enter the cell cycle and initiate proliferation.

Muscle cells, also known as myocytes, are specialized cells responsible for the contraction and movement of muscles in the body. These cells possess unique features that allow them to generate force and enable various types of movements.Muscle cells contain specialized proteins called actin and myosin, which interact to create the contractile force required for muscle movement. These proteins form organized structures known as sarcomeres, which are the fundamental units of muscle contraction.

Muscle cells come in different types, including skeletal muscle cells, cardiac muscle cells, and smooth muscle cells. Skeletal muscle cells are attached to bones and facilitate voluntary movements. Cardiac muscle cells make up the heart and are responsible for its rhythmic contractions. Smooth muscle cells are found in organs such as the digestive tract and blood vessels, contributing to involuntary movements.Muscle cells also possess high energy requirements and contain abundant mitochondria to generate the necessary energy through cellular respiration.

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Nucleotide hybridization techniques are methods used to identify and analyze specific DNA or RNA sequences by allowing complementary nucleotide sequences to bind or "hybridize" with each other. These techniques help us detect molecular markers by allowing the identification of specific gene sequences, mutations, or variations in DNA or RNA.

Here's a step-by-step explanation of how nucleotide hybridization techniques work:

1. Sample preparation: First, DNA or RNA samples are extracted and prepared for hybridization.

2. Labeling: The target nucleotide sequence (probe) is labeled with a detectable marker, such as a fluorescent dye, radioisotope, or enzyme.

3. Denaturation: The DNA or RNA sample is heated to separate the double-stranded molecules into single strands.

4. Hybridization: The labeled probe is added to the denatured sample, allowing the probe to bind or "hybridize" to its complementary sequence in the sample.

5. Washing: Unbound or non-specifically bound probes are washed away, leaving only the probe-sample hybrids.

6. Detection: The presence of the hybridized probe is detected using an appropriate method based on the marker used for labeling (e.g., fluorescence, radioactivity, or enzyme activity).

By using nucleotide hybridization techniques, researchers can identify and study molecular markers, which can provide valuable information for various applications, such as diagnosing genetic disorders, studying gene expression, and identifying species or strains in biodiversity studies.

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The characteristics of the phylum Chordata is they have notochord.

Animals in the phylum Chordata share five key characteristics that appear at some stage during their development: a notochord, a dorsal hollow (tubular) nerve cord, pharyngeal gill arches or slits,  and an endostyle/thyroid gland. In some groups, some of these key characteristics are present only during embryonic development.

The chordates are named for the notochord, which is a flexible, rod-shaped mesodermal structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and in the adult stage of some chordate species. It is strengthened with glycoproteins similar to cartilage and covered with a collagenous sheath.

The notocord is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, and provides rigid skeletal support as well as a flexible location for attachment of axial muscles. In some chordates, the notochord acts as the primary axial support of the body throughout the animal’s lifetime.

However, in vertebrates (craniates), the notochord is present only during embryonic development, at which time it induces the development of the neural tube and serves as a support for the developing embryonic body.

The notochord, however, is not found in the postembryonic stages of vertebrates; at this point, it has been replaced by the vertebral column (that is, the spine).

the correct option is they have notochord.

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nonhuman primates cannot communicate vocally about absent or nonexistent objects or past or future events. thus, their call systems lack the linguistic design feature of displacement

Nonhuman primates are a group of mammals that includes both simians (monkeys and apes) and prosimians (lemurs). Monkeys and apes lack neural control over their vocal tract muscles, preventing them from being properly configured for speech.

Nonhuman primates use odors, vocalizations, gestures, and facial expressions to communicate their psychological state and current concerns to others.

Some researchers have attempted to teach apes to communicate. Apes cannot speak because of the structure of their vocal organs, but they can interact using signs or computers. Apes can request changes, answer questions, and follow directions using these methods.

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The probability of individual 1 being heterozygous would depend on the frequency of the dominant allele in the population. The probability of individual 3 being affected would depend on their genotype. If the trait is dominant, then individual 3 would be affected if they are either homozygous dominant or heterozygous.

Without knowing the genotypes and phenotypes of individuals 1, 3, and 4, it is difficult to determine the exact probabilities. However, we can make some assumptions based on what we do know.
Since individual 1 has an affected brother and husband, it is likely that the trait is dominant.

If this is the case, then individual 1 would be either homozygous dominant (AA) or heterozygous (Aa) for the trait.

If the trait is recessive, then individual 3 would need to be homozygous recessive to be affected.
Similarly, the probability of individual 4 being affected would depend on their genotype and the inheritance pattern of the trait. Without more information, it is impossible to determine the exact probabilities.

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Answer:

C. pH and temperature

Explanation:

Enzyme activity can be affected by a variety of factors such as temperature and pH

Answer:

over fishing and polluiting the water where the fish live

Explanation:

Answer:

:-) maintaining the pH of the reaction at 6.7

Explanation:

hope this helps

A splitting enzyme generated by the salivary glands is called salivary amylase. It assimilates the starch element of the food into small molecules of maltose.

The correct answer is:

Option C.  Maintaining the pH of the reaction at 6.7

The explanation for the answer is:

Therefore, maintaining the pH of the reaction at 6.7 will not affect the reaction.

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Answer:

Genetic variation is the difference in DNA among individuals or the differences between populations. There are multiple sources of genetic variation, including mutation and genetic recombination.

Explanation:

The size of the lizards' legs is the inherited variation in this situation. It is likely that hereditary variables, which can be transferred from parents to children, are responsible for the variance in leg size.

Genetic changes that are transferred from parents to children are referred to as inherited variation. Every person has a distinct set of genes that influence a variety of qualities, including physical attributes, behaviour, and disease risk. These genes, which a person inherits from both parents, are prone to chance mutations that happen throughout DNA replication and recombination.

In the aforementioned illustration, this genetic variation in leg length resulted in differential availability of food, with longer-legged lizards having better access to food sources. Because they had a harder time getting to food and might have been less fit, lizards with shorter limbs gradually decreased in population.

Therefore, the size of the lizards' legs is the inherited variation in this situation. It is likely that hereditary variables, which can be transferred from parents to children, are responsible for the variance in leg size.

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Answer:

Silent mutation

Explanation:

A silent mutation changes the codon, but does not change the amino acid.

Sequence read 3 was synthesized by sequencing 5' --> 3' strand of DNA (Option D).

DNA sequencing is a technique used to find out the precise order of nucleotides (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine) in a DNA molecule. In other words, it is the method of decoding the DNA sequence. The determination of DNA sequence has numerous applications in various fields such as molecular biology, genetics, evolutionary biology, forensic science, medical diagnosis, and drug discovery.

In the case of DNA sequencing, the DNA molecule is synthesized in the 5' --> 3' direction. So, the DNA sequence is also written in the 5' --> 3' direction. Sequence read 3 (SR3) is one of the several DNA sequence reads obtained by the sequencing method. Sequence read 3 was synthesized by sequencing the 5' --> 3' strand of DNA.

Therefore, the correct option is 5' --> 3' strand (Option D).

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Answer: Yield

Explanation: Yielding is an important traffic rule that promotes safety and smooth flow of traffic.  It is an important practice that helps maintain order on the roads and promotes safety for all road users. It's essential to be attentive, follow traffic signs and signals, and be aware of the right of way rules in your area to ensure a safe driving experience.

When you yield, you give the right of way to another driver or pedestrian. This means that you let them go first, even if it might inconvenience you or require you to slow down or stop.

Yielding is typically required in situations such as:

Yielding to pedestrians: When you approach a crosswalk or intersection where pedestrians are waiting to cross, you should yield to them and allow them to safely cross the road before you continue to drive.  Drivers must yield to pedestrians within a crosswalk.  

Yielding at intersections: When you approach an intersection where there are other vehicles, you should yield to those already in the intersection or approaching from the right. This helps prevent accidents and ensures a smooth flow of traffic.

Yielding when merging: When merging onto a highway or another lane, you should yield to the vehicles already in that lane. This allows for a safe and efficient merging process.

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, have several features that make them useful for genetic engineers. One key feature is their ability to infect and replicate within bacterial cells. This property allows phages to serve as vehicles for transferring foreign DNA into bacterial hosts.

Phages can be engineered to carry specific DNA sequences of interest, such as genes or regulatory elements. These sequences can be inserted into the phage genome, replacing non-essential viral genes. When the engineered phage infects a bacterial cell, it delivers the foreign DNA into the host's genome, where it can be expressed and manipulated.

Phages also possess high specificity for certain bacterial strains or species. This specificity allows genetic engineers to target specific bacteria for DNA delivery or modification. By selecting phages with host range specificity, researchers can tailor their genetic engineering efforts to particular bacterial hosts.

Moreover, phages have the ability to undergo a lytic or lysogenic cycle. In the lytic cycle, phages replicate rapidly within the host, leading to the lysis of the bacterial cell and release of newly formed phage particles. In the lysogenic cycle, phages integrate their DNA into the host genome, becoming a prophage. This property allows the stable incorporation of foreign DNA into bacterial chromosomes, making phages useful for long-term gene expression studies or modification of the host's genetic makeup.

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Answer:

1

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer would be.. The Relationship between parts of nature.. hope this helped, stay safe!