How does temperature affect the copper (II) chloride equilibrium? Is the forward reaction (color changing from blue to green) endothermic or exothermic? Justify your choice with experimental evidence i.e color changes in the video for Part B.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
A popular experiment that describes the effect of heat on the position of equilibrum is the change of colour when copper II chloride is heated.
As the solution is heated, it's colour changes from blue to green, this implies the the colour change (blue to green) is an endothermic process (equilibrum position shifts to the right with increase in temperature)
The equilibrum is represented by the equation;
[Cu(H2O)6]^2+(aq) + 4Cl^-(aq)<------>[CuCl4]^2-(aq) + 6H2O(l) ∆H=positive
The equilibrium mixture undergoing cooling or heating have colour changes. The temperature affects the colour of the products formed and the forward reaction is endothermic.
What are the equilibrium and the forward reactions?In the reaction copper (II) chloride or \(\rm CuCl_{4}\) is the main species. The heat or the temperature affects the colour formation of copper (II) chloride as the equilibrium change affects the colouration of the product.
The heating of the solution affects the colour change from blue to the green of the reactant to products and the forward reaction shifts the equilibrium towards the right when the temperature is increased and is an endothermic reaction.
The reaction at the equilibrium can be shown as,
\(\rm [Cu(H_{2}O)_{6}]^{2+} (aq) + 4Cl^{-} (aq) \Leftrightarrow [CuCl_{4}]^{2-}(aq) + 6H_{2}O(l), \Delta H=positive\)
Therefore, temperature changes the colouration and the forward reaction is an endothermic reaction.
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Which of the following is an example of an optional deduction ? " a ) Medicare Ob ) Social Security c ) Retirement plan d ) State tax
Medicare
United states program for people who are older than 60
Explain how the following properties change across the periodic Table from group 1 to group 2, and give reasons for the increase or decrease thereof:
a) Ionic radius
b) Ionization enthalpy
c) Density
d) Melting point
e) Electropositive character
The following properties change across the periodic Table from group 1 to group 2
a) Ionic radius - decreaseb) Ionization enthalpy - increasec) Density - increased) Melting point - increasee) Electropositive character - decreaseGroup 1 are alkali metals that have one valence electron in the outermost orbit whereas alkaline earth metals are in group 2 have two valence electrons in the outermost orbit.
a) Ionic radius:
The atomic and ionic radii of alkaline earth metals are fairly large though smaller than those of the corresponding alkali metals.b) Ionisation enthalpy:
Alkali metals have low Ionisation energy.in the case of alkaline earth metals Ionisation energy is higher compared to alkali metalsc) Density:
The alkaline earth metals are denser than the alkali metals due to the smaller size and better packing of the atoms in the crystal latticed) Melting point:
Melting points of alkaline earth metals are low but higher than those of alkali metals.e) Electropositive character:
all alkali metals are strongly Electropositive due to their low Ionisation enthalpies.alkaline earth metals are less Electropositive than alkali metals.Thus, changes in properties are:
a) Ionic radius - decreaseb) Ionization enthalpy - increasec) Density - increased) Melting point - increasee) Electropositive character - decreaseLearn more:
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Homework Answered Due Today, 11:59 PM
The reaction 3H₂(g) + N₂(g) → 2NH3(g) has an enthalpy of reaction of -92.6 kJ/mol. If 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are
reacted, how much heat is produced (kJ)?
The amount of heat energy produced when 1 g of hydrogen and 2 g of nitrogen are reacted, is -6.61 KJ
How do i determine the heat energy produced?First, we shall obtain the limiting reactant. Details below:
3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/molMass of N₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 28 = 28 g Molar mass of H₂ = 2 g/molMass of H₂ from the balanced equation = 3 × 2 = 6 gFrom the balanced equation above,
28 g of N₂ reacted with 6 g of H₂
Therefore,
2 g of N₂ will react with = (2 × 6) / 28 = 0.43 g of H₂
We can see that only 0.43 g of H₂ is needed in the reaction.
Thus, the limiting reactant is N₂
Finally, we the amount of heat energy produced. Details below:
3H₂ + N₂ -> 2NH₃ ΔH = -92.6 KJ
Molar mass of N₂ = 28 g/molMass of N₂ from the balanced equation = 1 × 28 = 28 gFrom the balanced equation above,
When 28 grams of N₂ reacted, -92.6 KJ of heat energy were produced.
Therefore,
When 2 grams of N₂ will react to produce = (2 × -92.6) / 28 = -6.61 KJ
Thus the heat energy produced from the reaction is -6.61 KJ
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plz who can help me i have a final project and i am ready to pay 20$
Answer:
hey friend
how can I help you
Describe What is a concentrated solution?
What mass of NaCl is needed to produce a 26.4 mol/L with a 1.7 L volume?
we would need 2625.13 grams (or 2.62513 kilograms) of NaCl.
To calculate the mass of NaCl required to produce a 26.4 mol/L solution with a 1.7 L volume, we need to use the formula that relates the mass of solute, moles of solute, and molarity:Molarity (M) = moles of solute / liters of solution Rearranging this formula, we get:moles of solute = Molarity (M) x liters of solutionWe can use this formula to find the moles of NaCl needed:moles of NaCl = 26.4 mol/L x 1.7 L = 44.88 molNow, we can use the molar mass of NaCl to convert from moles to grams. The molar mass of NaCl is 58.44 g/mol:mass of NaCl = moles of NaCl x molar mass of NaClmass of NaCl = 44.88 mol x 58.44 g/mol = 2625.13 gTo produce a 26.4 mol/L solution with a 1.7 L volume.
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explain the difference between static and current electricity
Answer:
Explanation:
The most significant difference between the static and current electricity is that in static electricity the charges are at rest and they are accumulating on the surface of the insulator. Whereas in current electricity the electrons are moving inside the conductor.
1 answer
......................................................
The most accurate statement about signal transmissions among the given options is:
a) All signals in transmission will lose clarity with distance.
When a signal is transmitted over a distance, it can experience various types of degradation or attenuation. Factors such as distance, interference, noise, and the medium through which the signal travels can all contribute to a reduction in the clarity or quality of the signal. This means that as the distance between the source and receiver increases, the signal may become weaker, distorted, or prone to interference, resulting in a loss of clarity.
The irreversible isomerization A
B was carried out in a batch reactor and the following concentration time data were obtained:
Time vs Concentration data in a Batch reactor
t 0 3 5 8 10 12 15 7.5
mol/h 4 2.89 2.25 1.45 1.0 0.65 0.25 0.07
Determine the reaction order,
, and the specific reaction a rate constant, k, using any method of your choice.
The reaction order and specific reaction rate constant can be determined by performing the kinetics experiment on irreversible polymerization A. Kinetic experiments can be used to investigate the rate and mechanism of chemical reactions. Chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reactions' speed and pathway.
The term "kinetics" refers to the study of reaction rates, which are determined by measuring the concentration of reactants and products as a function of time.Kinetics experiments can be used to determine the reaction rate and order of reaction. A chemical reaction's rate is defined as the change in the concentration of a reactant or product per unit time. The order of a reaction refers to the number of molecules that must react to produce a product. The order of reaction can be determined by measuring the initial rate of the reaction as a function of concentration.Methods for determining the reaction rate order include the initial rate method, the half-life method, and the integrated rate method. The initial rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the initial rate of the reaction at different reactant concentrations. The half-life method determines the reaction order by measuring the time it takes for the reactant concentration to decrease by half.The integrated rate method determines the reaction order by measuring the concentration of the reactant or product at different times.The specific rate constant can be determined by using the Arrhenius equation, which relates the rate constant to the activation energy, temperature, and frequency factor. The frequency factor can be determined by measuring the rate constant at different temperatures.For such more question on polymerization
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Which of the following elements are halogens? Select all that apply.FluorineChlorineFranciumHelium
The halogens are the elements of the 17th group of the periodic table, from the given choices, the elements that belong to this group are Fluorine and Chlorine.
Which physical property allows iron to be easily separated from most other materials
The physical property that allows iron to be easily separated from most other materials is magnetism.
Metals that naturally attract magnets are known as ferromagnetic metals. These magnets tend to firmly stick to these metals. For example when you rub a piece of iron along a magnet the north seeking poles of the atoms get lined up in one direction. This causes a force to build up a force and this force creates a magnetic field. This is how a piece of iron becomes a magnet.
To explain the magnetism of iron we can take example iron present in sand, it was seen that the iron filings are attracted to the magnet and the sand is not. This allowed us to separate the iron filings from the sand.
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How many moles are in 19.6 g of Sodium (Na)? And the conversion factor?
Answer:
n=0.852 moles
Explanation:
Given mass is, m = 19.6 g
The molar mass of sodium is, M = 22.99 u
We need to find the no of moles in 19.6 of Sodium. We know that, no of moles is equal to given mass divided by molar mass.
\(n=\dfrac{m}{M}\\\\n=\dfrac{19.6}{22.99}\\\\n=0.852\)
So, there are 0.852 moles in 19.6 g of Sodium.
Prometheus is a character that stole fire from the gods in Greek mythology. Which element is named from Prometheus?
Answer:
Promethium
Pm 61
Discovered by Jacob .A. Marinsky
Which are examples of a phase change? (Select all that apply.)
evaporating water
cutting wood
frying eggs
melting butter
Answer:
melting butter and frying eggs
Explanation:
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What has to be true for a titration to occur?
Which of Earth’s spheres do humans impact and how?
You will get a free foot if you answer this
Answer:
humans have a huge impact on all spheres. if you negatively impact the spheres, such as burning fossil fuels, it'll pollute the atmosphere.
Explanation:
All four spheres of Earth are susceptible to human influence. Burning fossil fuels can cause pollution to be released into the atmosphere. Garbage accumulated by humans in landfills has an impact on the geosphere. Human waste enters waterways and has an effect on the hydrosphere.
What is geosphere ?Different definitions of the geosphere have conflicting uses. It can be used to refer to the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere, and cryosphere as a whole. Different mass and/or energy flows can be exchanged between the various geosphere collectives.
Land erosion and soil movement currently result from human activity more frequently than from any natural mechanism. Human-caused air and water pollution has a negative impact on the environment, rivers, and lakes, harming both other animals and people's health.
According to some scientists, humans have their own sphere, the "anthrosphere." But for the purposes of this module, people will also be considered a component of the biosphere.
Thus, Garbage accumulated by humans in landfills has an impact on the geosphere.
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The location of an element in the periodic table can be used to predict which elements combine with others to form compounds.
True or False
A 300.0 mL quantity of hydrogen is collected over water at 19.5 C and a total atmospheric pressure of 750. mm Hg. The partial pressure of water at this temperature is 17.0 mm Hg
The partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg (calculated by subtracting the partial pressure of water, 17.0 mm Hg, from the total atmospheric pressure, 750.0 mm Hg).
When a gas is collected over water, the presence of water vapor affects the total pressure observed. In this case, the total atmospheric pressure is given as 750.0 mm Hg, and the partial pressure of water vapor at 19.5°C is 17.0 mm Hg.
To determine the partial pressure of hydrogen, we need to subtract the partial pressure of water vapor from the total atmospheric pressure. Partial pressure refers to the pressure exerted by an individual gas component in a mixture. In this scenario, the collected gas is primarily hydrogen, with water vapor being the other component.
By subtracting the partial pressure of water vapor (17.0 mm Hg) from the total atmospheric pressure (750.0 mm Hg), we can find the partial pressure of hydrogen:
Partial pressure of hydrogen = Total atmospheric pressure - Partial pressure of water vapor
Partial pressure of hydrogen = 750.0 mm Hg - 17.0 mm Hg
Partial pressure of hydrogen = 733.0 mm Hg
Therefore, the partial pressure of hydrogen in the collected gas sample is 733.0 mm Hg.
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Which of the following changes would increase the pressure of a gas in a closed
container?
a) More gas is added
b) Temperature is increased
c) The container's size is increased
d) Part of the gas is removed
e) Temperature is decreased
f) The container's size is decreased
Answer:
a) More gas is added
b) Temperature is increased
f) The container's size is decreased
Explanation:
For an ideal gas, pressure is jointly proportional to temperature and the quantity of gas, and inversely proportional to the volume. Then pressure will increase for ...
a) More gas is added
b) Temperature is increased
f) The container's size is decreased
ILL GIVE BRAINLY PLEASE HELP!!! What type of transport across the cell (plasma) membrane requires energy?
active transport
bilayer
passive transport
concentration gradient
Active transport requires energy to transport the molecules across the cell membrane. Thus, Option A is correct.
Active transport is the transport of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration across the cell (plasma) membrane. As this process is against the concentration gradient, it requires cellular energy to transport the molecules or ions. Active transport involves Primary active transport and secondary active transport.
Passive transport involves the movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration gradient and thus does not require energy and is slower than active transport.
Therefore, only active transport requires energy for the transportation of molecules across the cell membrane.
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which is the graph of the function g(x) = f(-x)
To graph the function g(x) = f(-x), you can start with the graph of f(x) and then reflect it about the y-axis.
What is a graph of the function g(x) = f(-x)?To find the graph of the function g(x) = f(-x), we can start with the graph of the function f(x) and then reflect it about the y-axis.
If the graph of f(x) is symmetric with respect to the y-axis, meaning it is unchanged when reflected, then g(x) = f(-x) will have the same graph as f(x).
However, if the graph of f(x) is not symmetric with respect to the y-axis, then g(x) = f(-x) will be a reflection of f(x) about the y-axis.
In either case, the resulting graph of g(x) = f(-x) will be symmetric with respect to the y-axis.
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What is the mass of 1.78 moles of O2
Answer:
56.96 grams
Explanation:
To find the mass of 1.78 moles of O2, we need to use the molar mass of O2, which is the mass of one mole of O2.
The chemical formula for O2 is O-O or simply O2. The molar mass of O2 is the sum of the atomic masses of two oxygen atoms, which can be found on the periodic table.
The atomic mass of oxygen (O) is approximately 16.00 g/mol. So the molar mass of O2 is:
Molar mass of O2 = 2 x atomic mass of O
= 2 x 16.00 g/mol
= 32.00 g/mol
Therefore, the mass of 1.78 moles of O2 is:
Mass = number of moles × molar mass
= 1.78 mol × 32.00 g/mol
= 56.96 g
So the mass of 1.78 moles of O2 is 56.96 grams.
Rutherford used positively charged particles to investigate the structure of the atom the result surprised him and he developed the atomic model shown below what surprising result is explained using this model
Answer:
A few positive particles bounced back because they were pushed away from the positive center.
Explanation:
Answer:
b
Explanation:
because:/
6. A car bag requires 70. L of nitrogen gas to inflate properly. The following equation represents the productia
nitrogen gas:
2NaN3 (s) → 2Na (s) + 3N₂ (g)
a) The density or nitrogen gas is typically 1.16 g/L at room temperature. Calculate the number of grams of t
are needed to inflate the air bag.
The mass of the gas that is produced is 112 g.
What is the mass of the nitrogen that is need?
We know that the density of the gas is the ratio of the mass to the volume of the gas. In the case of the question that we have here, we can see that there are about 70 L of the nitrogen gas and then we have also about 1.16 g/L given as the density of the gas.
Density = Mass/ volume
Mass = Density * volume
Mass of the gas = 70 L * 1.16 g/L
Mass of the gas = 112 g
Thus the inflating gas is 112 g nitrogen.
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3. A Wilkinson’s catalyst is widely used in the hydrogenation of alkenes. Show a catalytic cycle, including: i. chemical structure of the catalyst, with complete stereochemistry ii. molecular geometry of catalyst iii. type of reactions involved iv. the appropriate starting material, reagent and solvent v. major and minor end-products vi. all intermediates, for each reaction stated in (iii)
We can see here that the catalytic cycle for the hydrogenation of alkenes using Wilkinson's catalyst involves several steps.
What are the steps involved?Here's an overview of the catalytic cycle, including the necessary details:
i. Chemical structure of the catalyst:
Wilkinson's catalyst, also known as chloridotris(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I), has the following chemical structure: [RhCl(PPh3)3]
ii. Molecular geometry of the catalyst:
The Wilkinson's catalyst has a trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the rhodium center. The three triphenylphosphine (PPh3) ligands occupy equatorial positions, while the chloride (Cl) ligand occupies an axial position.
iii. Type of reactions involved:
The catalytic cycle involves several reactions, including:
Oxidative addition: The rhodium center undergoes oxidative addition, reacting with molecular hydrogen (H2) to form a dihydride intermediate.Alkene coordination: The alkene substrate coordinates to the rhodium center, forming a π-complex.Hydrogenation: The coordinated alkene undergoes hydrogenation, resulting in the addition of hydrogen atoms to the double bond and formation of a metal-alkyl intermediate.Reoxidation: The metal-alkyl intermediate reacts with a hydrogen molecule to regenerate the rhodium dihydride species.iv. Starting material, reagent, and solvent:
The starting material is an alkene, and the reagent is Wilkinson's catalyst ([RhCl(PPh3)3]). The reaction is typically carried out in a suitable solvent, such as dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or tetrahydrofuran (THF).
v. Major and minor end-products:
The major end-product of the hydrogenation reaction is the fully saturated alkane, resulting from the addition of hydrogen across the double bond. The minor end-product may include cis- or trans-configured alkanes if the original alkene substrate possesses geometric isomers.
vi. Intermediates:
The intermediates in the catalytic cycle include:
Rhodium dihydride complex: [RhH2(PPh3)3]Alkene-Rhodium π-complex: [Rh(η2-alkene)(PPh3)3]Metal-alkyl intermediate: [Rh(alkyl)(PPh3)3]These intermediates play a crucial role in facilitating the hydrogenation reaction and enabling the catalytic cycle to proceed.
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Are two atoms of the same element identical?
Answer: No, two atoms belonging to the same chemical element are not necessarily identical.
Explanation:
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question is in image
The compound CH₃OCHO is known as methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde. Its molecular formula is C₃H₄O₂.
What smell would this compound possibly have?Methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde is known to have a pungent odor. It has been described as having a sharp, acrid smell that is similar to that of formaldehyde or acrolein. The odor of pyruvaldehyde can be irritating to the eyes, nose, and throat, and it can cause respiratory problems if inhaled in large quantities. The odor of methyl glyoxal or pyruvaldehyde has been described in several chemical and safety databases.
One of the most important factors that predict a molecule's smell is the presence of functional groups, which are groups of atoms that impart characteristic chemical and physical properties to a molecule. The pungent odor of methyl glyoxal is thought to be associated with its carbonyl functional group (C=O), which is a common feature of many aldehydes and ketones. In the case of methyl glyoxal, the carbonyl group is located at the center of the molecule, and it is flanked by two methyl groups and a hydroxyl group, which likely contribute to the molecule's overall odor.
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a pharmaceutical company wants to extract an ingredient from pomace supplied by a certain food processing plant. which process is the most efficient with the lowest environmental impact
A. Catalyst extraction
B. High pressure, high temperature water extraction
C. Organic solvent extraction
D. Enzyme extraction
Answer: high pressure, high temperature water extraction
Explanation:
Answer:
C). high pressure, high temperature water extraction
Explanation:
answer the attachment
Answer:
1 and 2 are identical
Explanation:
Draw zigzag project