extrasystole - refractory period for frogs 5 phases: 1. atrial 2. ventricular 3. extra-systole 4. pause 5. vagal escape Question: compared to the baseline, what happened to the heart rate? Did it become: (slower, the same, faster)
Answers
When compared to the baseline, the heart rate became slower.
Extrasystole, refractory period for frogs, and 5 phases are discussed in this article.In 5 phases, the first phase is atrial, the second phase is ventricular, the third phase is extra-systole, the fourth phase is pause, and the fifth phase is vagal escape. Extrasystole is a form of cardiac arrhythmia in which an abnormal contraction of the heart's muscle occurs earlier than usual. In the frog heart, extrasystoles may be induced by electrical stimulation in a variety of ways.
The cardiac refractory period is the time following an action potential during which the cell cannot be activated by a subsequent stimulus. It is possible that cardiac tissues in certain animals, such as frogs, have different refractory periods. Compared to the baseline, the heart rate slowed as a result of the five phases, which includes extra-systole.
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Related Questions
A 74-year-old woman has more air in her lungs than normal, and breathes with an inflated chest. Do you think an inflated chest would make breathing uncomfortable
Answers
Yes, an inflated chest would likely make breathing uncomfortable for the 74-year-old woman.
When the chest becomes inflated due to an excess amount of air in the lungs, it can lead to a condition called hyperinflation or overinflation of the lungs. Hyperinflation can occur due to various reasons, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, or asthma.
During normal breathing, the lungs expand and contract to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The diaphragm and intercostal muscles play a crucial role in this process. However, in cases of hyperinflation, the lungs become overinflated and the chest may appear visibly enlarged.
An inflated chest can interfere with the normal mechanics of breathing and lead to discomfort. It can restrict the movement of the diaphragm and the expansion of the lungs, making it difficult to take in an adequate amount of air during inhalation and fully exhale during exhalation.
The increased volume of air in the lungs may also put additional pressure on the surrounding structures, such as the chest wall and the respiratory muscles, further impeding the ease of breathing. This can result in feelings of breathlessness, shortness of breath, and a sensation of suffocation.
In summary, an inflated chest caused by excessive air in the lungs can indeed make breathing uncomfortable for the 74-year-old woman. It can disrupt the normal mechanics of breathing, restrict lung expansion, and lead to feelings of breathlessness and discomfort during inhalation and exhalation.
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what are 2 organisms who do cellular respiration ?
Answers
Answer: There are two main types of organisms that use cellular respiration: autotrophs and heterotrophs.
Explanation:
Autotrophs are organisms that can make their own food. The types of organisms that are autotrophs include plants as well as some bacteria and protists (such as algae).
A way to measure the economy's performance is to measure categories of national
A) exports.
B) imports.
C) income.
D) resources.
Answers
nitrate nitrifying bacteria increase decreases stay the same
Answers
Nitrifying bacteria convert the most reduced form of soil nitrogen, ammonia, into its most oxidized form, nitrate.
Nitrifying bacteria control the nitrification step of the nitrogen cycle. The nitrogen cycle would be stopped. The nitrites could not be converted to nitrates and the ammonia compounds would acquire. a few of the various factors, soil matrix, water popularity, aeration, temperature, and pH have a robust impact on nitrification.
Nitrifying microorganisms convert ammonia to nitrites or nitrates. Ammonia, nitrites, and nitrates are all fixed nitrogen and can be absorbed by way of vegetation. This procedure usually takes anywhere from 2-6 weeks. At temperatures under 70F, it takes even longer to cycle a tank. In the evaluation of different styles of bacteria, Nitrifying microorganisms grow slowly. If all of the nitrogen-solving microorganisms disappeared, flowers and animals wouldn't acquire the nitrogen compounds they need to perform certain features.
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recall the role of tropymyosin in regulating keletal muscle contraction. will a mutant form of tm that can bind to the actin filaments but is uable to bind the troponin complex function in a dominant-negative fashion to affect muscle contraction?A. No, because the mutant TM and troponin will bind to actin filaments independentlyB. No, beacuse the mutant TM cannot bind to the action filamentsC. No, beacuse the mutant TM will be displaced easily from the actin filamentsD. No, beacuse the mutant TM can never be displaced from the actin filamentsE. No, beacuse the mutant TM can still bind strongly to calcium ions
Answers
No, because the mutant Tropomyosin and troponin will bind to actin filaments independently a mutant form of tm that cannot bind to the actin filaments but is unable to bind the troponin complex function in a dominant-negative fashion to affect muscle contraction. The correct option is A.
In order to control muscle contraction tropomyosin a protein that wraps around actin filaments in skeletal muscle fibers blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin when calcium ions are not present. Troponin undergoes a conformational change when calcium ions bind to it moving the TM and revealing the actin regions that bind myosin.
Muscle contraction will take place improperly if a mutant form of TM can bind to actin but not the troponin complex. This is because it won't be able to block the myosin binding sites on actin in the absence of calcium ions. However because the mutant TM and troponin will bind to actin filaments separately it will not act in a dominant-negative manner to affect muscle contraction.
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the statement "its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is true only for the _______ NS
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The statement "its postganglionic axons always use acetylcholine as the neurotransmitter" is true only for the parasympathetic nervous system.
The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is divided into two main branches: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. Both branches have preganglionic and postganglionic neurons, but the neurotransmitters they use differ. In the parasympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine (ACh) at the synapse with postganglionic neurons. This ACh binds to nicotinic receptors on the postganglionic neurons, which then release ACh as the main neurotransmitter at the target organ. This is referred to as cholinergic transmission.
On the other hand, in the sympathetic nervous system, the preganglionic neurons also release ACh. However, the postganglionic neurons release norepinephrine (NE) as the main neurotransmitter at the target organ, this is called adrenergic transmission. The sympathetic system uses norepinephrine as the main neurotransmitter in its postganglionic axons. The summary, the parasympathetic nervous system relies on cholinergic transmission, while the sympathetic nervous system relies on adrenergic transmission.
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the s phase of cell cycle is very important as a cell can not divide without it
Answers
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
S phase (Synthesis Phase) is the phase of the cell cycle in which DNA is replicated, occurring between G1 phase and G2 phase. Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved.
1.What is meant by Plasma therapy ? Is it a remedial treatment for Coronavirus? Express your answer with valid points
Answers
Answer:
It is a therapy that involves the use of plasma from recovered patients (which is composed of antibodies against the virus)
Explanation:
The immune system of patients already recovered from viral diseases naturally generates defensive molecules that circulate in the blood. These molecules are known as 'antibodies', and they are localized in the plasma of the blood, which is composed of coagulation factors, albumin, fibrinogen and, of course, antibodies. These antibodies bind to specific viral antigens in order to promote their neutralization and destruction. In consequence, the plasma from recovered patients contains particular antibodies that may be used to treat specific diseases.
True or False: All living organisms have cell membranes.
Answers
Answer:
Yes ,each living cell possess a cell membrane,which has a
semi-permeable barrier for various foreign particles.
Explanation:
what are the two common techniques used to visualize endospores
Answers
The two common techniques used to visualize endospores Schaeffer-Fulton Staining,Dorner's Spore Stain
1.Schaeffer-Fulton Staining: This staining technique is commonly used to visualize endospores. It involves the use of heat and multiple stains to selectively stain the endospores and differentiate them from the vegetative cells. In this method, a primary stain called malachite green is applied to the heat-fixed bacterial smear containing endospores. The smear is then heated to facilitate the penetration of the stain into the endospores. Afterward, the smear is washed with water to remove excess stain, and a counterstain like safranin is applied to stain the vegetative cells. The endospores retain the green color of malachite green, while the vegetative cells appear red or pink.
2.Dorner's Spore Stain: This staining technique is specifically designed to stain endospores. It involves the use of a combination of dyes that selectively stain the endospores and differentiate them from other cellular structures. The Dorner's Spore Stain usually consists of a mixture of malachite green, safranin, and phenol. The malachite green serves as the primary stain for endospores, while safranin acts as a counterstain to color the vegetative cells. Phenol is added to enhance the penetration of the stain into the endospores. The endospores will appear green, while the vegetative cells will appear red or pink.
Both of these staining techniques help visualize endospores under a microscope, allowing for their identification and study in microbiology.
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a small genetic change such as a singale mutationmay result in what
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Marine Populations Lab Report Instructions: In the Marine Populations Lab, you helped gather data to evaluate Sebastian's Snorkel Spot's claim that a new factory is polluting the coral reef. Record your observations in the lab report below. You will submit your completed report. (30 points possible) Name and Title (1 point) Include your name, teacher's name, date, and name of lab. Objective(s) (2 points) In your own words, what was the purpose of this lab?
Answers
Answer:
The procedure is given below.
Explanation:
First we record the data of the pollutants that is releasing from the factory. Record the population of the coral reef which are not affected from these pollutants then take the data again and record the population of coral reef that is affected from the pollutants. If the population of coral reef that is affected from that pollutants increases it means that the pollutants damaged the coral reef population at higher rate. The purpose of this lab is to find out the negative effects of pollutants that is released from the factory on coral reef.
Which would be a good source to find weather information about your town from last month?
A old copies of local newspapers
B reference book about weather
C a magazine with weather articles
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(option B) reference book about weather would be a good source to find weather information about your town from last month.
what is weather?Weather refers to the state of the atmosphere and includes terms like how hot or cold, wet or dry, quiet or stormy, clear or foggy, etc.
what is information?Information is a general term for everything with the capacity to inform. Information is most fundamentally concerned with the interpretation of what may be sensed. which can also be the condition of the atmosphere, including its temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, precipitation, and cloud cover, is referred to as the weather. It is distinct from climate, which is the average of all weather events for a certain place over around 30 years.
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Scientists have found a gene that makes a protein
called PKG that controls certain behaviors in
many types of ants. The soldier ant will help
collect food when it has a low level of PKG.
When it has a high level of PKG, the soldier ant
will protect and defend its colony. Soldier ants
that are given PKG are more likely to ignore food
sources and attack intruders. Which conclusion
can best be made from this information?
Answers
Answer:
The conclusion that can best be made from this information is that the PKG gene and protein play a significant role in regulating the behavior of soldier ants. Specifically, the level of PKG in a soldier ant determines whether it will focus on food collection or colony defense, and the administration of PKG can alter their behavior accordingly. This discovery provides insights into the genetic and molecular mechanisms that underlie social behavior in ants, and may have implications for understanding similar behavior patterns in other animals.
2. David is growing algae in a closed bottle for an experiment. The bottle is half full of water and half full of air. David floats the bottle in a pond for three weeks. At the end of the three weeks, David notices that lots of algae grew, but the bottle did not
sink lower in the pond.
Why didn't the bottle of algae get heavier during the experiment?
A. Tiny animals in the bottle ate the growing algae.
B. The sides of the bottle got lighter as the plastic degraded.
C. The bottle has a leak, which made it lose water to the pond.
D. The growth of the algae came from the air and water in the bottle.
Answers
Answer:
The answer Is D
Explanation:
The growth of the algae came from the air and water in the bottle.
The statement (D) is correct. The growth of the algae came from the air and water in the bottle.
What is an algae?Algae is an informal term for a large and diverse group of photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms. It is a polyphyletic grouping that includes species from multiple distinct clades.
Moreover, algae are photosynthetic creatures. They are neither plant, animal or fungi. Many algae are single celled, however some species are multicellular. Many, but not all of red and brown algae are multicellular.
Therefore, algae are defined as a group of predominantly aquatic, photosynthetic, and nucleus-bearing organisms that lack the true roots, stems, leaves, and specialized multicellular reproductive structures of plants.
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The chart below shows some information about two scientists.
Name of
Details about scientist
Views about the solar system
scientist
Nicholaus
Studied Aristotle's theory of homocentric spheres and
Ptolemy's mechanism of epicycles
Suggested that Earth revolved around the
sun in spherical orbits
Copernicus
Johannes Kepler
Studied astronomy and incorporated religious beliefs into Suggested that the orbits of planets were
his works
elliptical
Which of these statements best explains why Copernicus and Kepler had different views about the solar system?
O They came from different cultures.
O They liked to disagree professionally.
O They had different goals and interests.
O They misinterpreted scientific facts and data.
Answers
The best statement that explains why Copernicus and Kepler had different views about the solar system is that they had different goals and interests, which is the third option, as Copernicus and Kepler had different perspectives on the solar system.
Copernicus, a Polish astronomer, was interested in the simplicity and elegance of the universe and sought to find a more accurate model of the solar system. He proposed that the sun, not the earth, was at the center of the solar system, which was a revolutionary idea at the time. On the other hand, Kepler, a German astronomer, was more focused on the mathematical and physical aspects of the solar system and used his observations of the planets to develop the laws of planetary motion.
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sean is performing barbell squats with the intent of building up his quadriceps muscles. to make the quadriceps perform more work and increase the efficiency of the exercise, he should:
Answers
To make the quadriceps perform more work and increase the efficiency of the exercise, Sean should minimize the amount of trunk flexion at the start of the concentric phase.
We can describe trunk flexion as forward pelvic tilt and flexion of the spine. This activity causes more pressure on the muscles of your quadriceps and hence helps in building them.
The quadriceps can be described as the muscles that are present in the front region of the thigh. These area has more muscle mass as compared to other areas of your brain and hence need to be worked on so that the muscle mass here can be reduced.
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Compared to the Haida myth, which focuses on creating light and people, the Māori myth focuses mostly on.
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Answer:
The correct answer would be.. The Relationship between parts of nature.. hope this helped, stay safe!
What is isotonic biology?
Answers
Isotonic biology is a branch of biology that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment, specifically focusing on the water content of cells.
In order for a cell to function correctly, it needs to maintain a balance of water inside and outside the cell. This balance is known as osmotic balance, which can be either hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic.
A hypertonic solution is one in which the concentration of dissolved particles outside the cell is higher than inside. This causes water to move out of the cell, which can lead to the cell shrinking and potentially dying.
A hypotonic solution is one in which the concentration of dissolved particles outside the cell is lower than inside the cell. This causes water to move into the cell, leading to cell swelling and potentially bursting.
An isotonic solution is one in which the concentration of dissolved particles outside the cell is the same as inside the cell. This means that water can move freely into and out of the cell, maintaining the proper osmotic balance and allowing the cell to function correctly.
Isotonic biology also studies how cells can maintain their osmotic balance, such as through special transport proteins and the regulation of water movement through the cell membrane.
It's also important to note that isotonic biology is not limited only to cells but also to organisms as a whole. For example, the human body uses various mechanisms to maintain isotonic balance in the blood in order to keep the cells hydrated and functioning properly.
Overall, isotonic biology is a crucial field that studies the relationship between living organisms and their environment, specifically the water content of cells and the ways in which cells can maintain their osmotic balance.
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create the explorer population, keeping the males and females separate. the explorer population consists of two males and eight females, all of whom are homozygous dominant for the same mendelian trait. be sure to make these exact genotypes (do not draw random pairs). also, remember you will need four more dominant objects here than you did in the other exercises.how many recessive and dominant alleles are present in this explorer population? quiizlet
Answers
The given explorer population consists of 20 dominant alleles and no recessive alleles. In the given explorer population, there are two males and eight females, all of whom are homozygous dominant for the same Mendelian trait.
This means that each individual has two dominant alleles for the trait, making a total of 20 dominant alleles in the population (2 alleles per individual x 10 individuals). As all individuals are homozygous dominant, there are no recessive alleles present in this population.
To explain further, alleles are different versions of a gene that determine a particular trait. In this case, all individuals have the same homozygous dominant alleles, which means that both copies of the gene for that trait are the same and both are dominant. As a result, there are no individuals with any recessive alleles, and thus no recessive alleles present in the population.
It is important to note that the absence of recessive alleles does not necessarily mean that the population is free from genetic disorders associated with recessive traits. This is because recessive disorders can be carried by individuals who are heterozygous (have one dominant and one recessive allele) and do not show any symptoms of the disorder. Overall, the given explorer population consists of 20 dominant alleles and no recessive alleles.
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sections of copied dna created on the lagging strand.T/F
Answers
Sections of copied dna created on the lagging strand. True. These short DNA segments are called Okazaki fragments.
DNA replication is the process of doubling the DNA chain assisted by DNA polymerase before mitosis. DNA polymerase forms new DNA strands with the help of primase enzymes.
The lagging strand is the synthesized DNA strand and is located in the 5'→3' direction at the replication fork. The synthesized DNA strand is called an okazaki fragment, in which primase forms the RNA primer. During the replication process, the nucleotides will be added to the end of the sugar from the Okazaki fragment with the help of the DNA ligase enzyme so as to form a complete unit.
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the presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still _____.
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The presence of a swim bladder allows the typical ray-finned fish to stop swimming and still maintain buoyancy.
The swim bladder is an internal gas-filled organ that helps the fish control its buoyancy and remain at a desired depth without constantly swimming.
The swim bladder is a crucial organ for ray-finned fish because it allows them to regulate their buoyancy and depth in the water. Typical ray-finned fish can stop swimming and still retain their position in the water without sinking or floating to the surface thanks to the existence of a swim bladder. The gas-filled swim bladder aids the fish in maintaining its buoyancy by regulating its total density.
A fish may change the amount of gas in its swim bladder when it stops moving to maintain neutral buoyancy. This indicates that the fish is suspended in the water column and neither sinks nor floats. For many ray-finned fish, the capacity to remain motionless in the water is essential.
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select the questions that can be explored through the principles of biological evolution. how did cetaceans transition from terrestrial to aquatic environments? why do some organisms tend to fossilize more readily than others? why can viruses, such as influenza, be difficult to fight? how do new species arise in novel environments? how do you identify a mutation in dna?
Answers
We may investigate queries about the variety and evolution of species across time using the fundamentals of biology. All of the questions listed above have to do with evolutionary processes including speciation, adaptation, and the fossil record.
The process of evolution describes how many types of living things grow and alter over time. Natural selection, which favours particular genetic features that offer an advantage in a particular environment, is what propels it. This process results in the diversification and speciation of many species when populations of organisms slowly alter and adapt to their environment. The variety of life on Earth and the relationships between various species are both explained by evolution. It is a fundamental idea in biology and has wide-ranging effects on industries including healthcare, agriculture, and conservation.
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will give brainliest! Scientist were originally skeptical of Wegener's theory of plate tectonics because:
Question 4 options:
The presence of d ikes forming mound from lava in the ocean
Earthquakes on boundaries similar to the plate Wegener proposed.
Matching fossils on different continents
An explanation for the driving force behind plate movement.
Answers
Answer:
Answer is option 1
Explanation:
Please mark brainliest this is a scientific answer not a giess
Question Which of these best represents an ecosystem?
A} A herd of deer grazing in a field
B} Mushrooms decomposing organic matter
C} A pitcher plant growing in nutrient-poor soil
D} Frogs and fish swimming in a pond in the forest
Answers
Answer:a.
Explanation:I took the quiz
—Explanation—
•] a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
•] Option D mentioned ‘forest’ which is an ecosystem and described what's inside of it (the frogs, fish and pond)
Bases produce excess of (blank) ions
a)hydroxide
b)oxygen
c)nitrogen
d)hydronium
Answers
Answer:
B, Oxygen. :)
Explanation:
Trong trường hợp cơ thể dị hợp tử về 2 cặp gen lai với cơ thể có tính trạng lặn tương ứng (trội hoàn toàn). Dựa vào kết quả lai hãy nêu cách nhận biết khi xảy ra di truyền độc lập hay di truyền liên kết
Answers
Which type of cartilage is characterized by the presence of chondrocytes sitting in lacunae?
a. Hyaline cartilage
b. Elastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. All of the above
e. None of the above
Answers
The type of cartilage characterized by the presence of chondrocytes sitting in lacunae is a. Hyaline cartilage.
Hyaline cartilage is the most common type of cartilage found in the body. It consists of a firm yet flexible matrix composed of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, and water. Chondrocytes, the cells responsible for maintaining the cartilage, reside in small spaces called lacunae within the matrix. These lacunae provide a protected environment for the chondrocytes and allow them to carry out their essential functions, such as producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix. Hyaline cartilage is found in various locations, including the nose, trachea, ends of long bones, and the embryonic skeleton.
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In the diagram below, which part of the human brain handles processes such
as thinking, hearing, and movement?
A. B only
B. Both A and C
C. Both B and C
D. A only
Answers
Answer:
c.both b and c
Explanation:
The cerebrum handle processes such as thinking, hearing, and movement in the human brain. The correct option is D: A only.
In the diagram,
A: Cerebrum
B: Cerebellum
C: Brain stem.
The cerebrum is the largest and most highly developed part of the human brain. It is responsible for a wide range of higher cognitive functions, including conscious thought, perception, memory, language, problem-solving, decision-making, and voluntary movement.
Key functions of the cerebrum:
Sensory Perception: The cerebrum receives and processes sensory information.Motor Control: The cerebrum is involved in voluntary muscle control and movement planning.Language and Communication: Various regions of the cerebrum are involved in language processing and production.Emotion and Behavior: The cerebrum contributes to emotional processing and regulation.Thus, the correct option is D.
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length of gestation _______ body size in mammals. a. is inversely proportional tob. is independent ofc. is unrelated tod. scales as an exponential function of
Answers
Length of gestation scales as an exponential function of body size in mammals. Thus, the correct option is :
(d) scales as an exponential function of
Length of gestation scales as an exponential function of body size in mammals. This means that as the body size of a mammal increases, the length of gestation tends to increase as well, following an exponential growth pattern.
Studies have shown that the gestation period increases as the 0.25 power of body mass. In other words, as body size increases, the gestation period increases at a slower rate. For example, an elephant, which is much larger than a human, has a gestation period of about 22 months, while a human has a gestation period of about 9 months.
While there may be some variation among different species and within populations, this general trend has been observed in many mammals.
Thus, the correct option is : (d) scales as an exponential function of
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