expression of als mutant genes in non-neuronal cells can cause neuronal degeneration, whereas expression of wt genes in non-neural cells can stave off neurodegeneration in sod1 mutant cells

Answer: I would need more context my good sir please tell me the full context and I’ll be able to give you full answer :)

Explanation:

In a trophic pyramid, organisms are categorized into different levels based on their feeding relationships and energy transfer. Starting from the base, the trophic levels are as follows:

Producers/Autotrophs: These are organisms capable of converting sunlight or inorganic compounds into energy-rich organic molecules through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis. They occupy the first trophic level and include plants, algae, and some bacteria.

Primary Consumers/Herbivores: These organisms consume producers directly and occupy the second trophic level. They rely on plants and algae for their energy and include animals such as deer, rabbits, and insects.

Secondary Consumers/Carnivores: These organisms feed on primary consumers and occupy the third trophic level. They include predators like lions, wolves, and snakes.

Tertiary Consumers/Apex Predators: These top-level predators occupy the fourth trophic level. They primarily feed on other carnivores and have no natural predators themselves. Examples include large predators like sharks, eagles, and tigers.

Each trophic level represents a transfer of energy, with energy decreasing as we move up the pyramid. The trophic pyramid illustrates the flow of energy through an ecosystem and highlights the interdependence of organisms within a food web.

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Answer:

Explanation:

It is likely that the oxygen levels decreased in the foil-covered test tube over time due to cellular respiration by the plant in the tube. Plants undergo cellular respiration just like animals do, which involves taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide as a byproduct. When the plant is placed in a sealed container such as a test tube, the oxygen that is being released by the plant during photosynthesis will eventually be depleted as it is used up in cellular respiration.

In addition, the foil covering the test tube would have prevented new oxygen from entering the tube, leading to a decrease in the overall oxygen levels. This decrease in oxygen levels would continue until the plant is no longer able to perform cellular respiration due to lack of oxygen. This process is a natural part of the carbon cycle and occurs in both natural and controlled environments.

Answer:

lower right abdomen

Explanation:

The colon is also called the large intestine. The ileum (last part of the small intestine) connects to the cecum (first part of the colon) in the lower right abdomen

RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids, but they can serve as ribozymes in the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA, and they play a crucial role in protein synthesis as part of the ribosome.

The RNA molecule acts as a template for synthesizing DNA through reverse transcription, which is an RNA-dependent DNA synthesis reaction. RNA molecules may also serve as ribozymes in this scenario. Ribozymes are RNA molecules that function as enzymes, catalyzing various chemical reactions in the cell, just like enzymes made up of proteins. Some ribozymes can use RNA templates to synthesize new RNA molecules, while others can use RNA templates to synthesize DNA molecules.Since DNA contains genetic material and information, it became the primary source of genetic information in organisms, while RNA remained involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions. The RNA world hypothesis suggests that RNA preceded DNA in early life on Earth, serving both as genetic material and a catalyst for the formation of other molecules necessary for life.

The discovery of ribozymes has provided evidence that RNA may have played an even more prominent role in early life than previously thought. RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids. Instead, ribosomes, which are made up of RNA and proteins, synthesize proteins from amino acids. RNA templates are used by ribosomes to direct the assembly of amino acids into the appropriate order to produce a functional protein. In summary, RNA molecules do not synthesize DNA from amino acids, but they can serve as ribozymes in the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA, and they play a crucial role in protein synthesis as part of the ribosome.

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Answer:

We have day and night because the Earth rotates. It spins on its axis, which is an imaginary line passing through the North and South Poles. The Earth spins slowly all the time, but we don't feel any movement because it turns smoothly and at the same speed.

Answer:

It is possible for a perfect flower to be incomplete, but it is not possible for an imperfect flower to be complete.

Explanation:

A flower with male and female parts is called a perfect flower. A flower that is missing male or female parts is an imperfect flower. Plants may have flowers that are complete or incomplete.

i) The frequency polygon for the data-set is presented at the end of the answer.

ii) The modal class is given by the following option:

C. 160 to 199 mg per cm³.

iii) The percentage is of: 15.28%.

From the table in this problem, we are given the absolute frequencies of each range of cholesterol levels, that is the number of men with each cholesterol levels in the group.

Hence a frequency polygon should be used to graph the data-set, with input as the ranges and the output as the absolute frequencies, and the polygon is the image given at the end of the answer.

The modal class is the class with the highest number of observations.

These numbers are given as follows:

13, 150, 442, 299, 115, 34, 9, 5.

The highest number is of 442, which is in the class from 160 to 199 mg per cm³, hence option C is correct.

The total number of men in the sample is of:

13 + 150 + 442 + 299 + 115 + 34 + 9 + 5 = 1067.

The number of those at risk of a heart disease is of:

115 + 34 + 9 + 5 = 163.

Hence the percentage is of:

163/1067 x 100% = 15.28%.

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Answer:

That would be the sun, because of its gravitational pull its what pulled the other planets closer, then making our solar system. However, the sun was formed after the solar nebula, but thats not an option, so the next thing made was the sun. I hope this helps you! :D

Answer:

Answer is the sun

Explanation:

hope it helps u❤

Answer:

Explanation:

1. Stars form deep inside clouds of gas and dust. A cloud of gas and dust is a Nebula (plural - Nebulae). Star forming nebulae are cold, dense, and dark. Gravity causes the densest parts to collapse, forming regions called protostars.

2.Gravity

3.STAR FORMATION Star formation happens when part of a dust cloud begins to contract under its own gravitational force; as it collapses, the center becomes hotter and hotter until nuclear fusion begins in the core. ... Interstellar cloud starts to contract, probably triggered by shock or pressure wave from nearby star.

4.As the protostar gains mass, its core gets hotter and more dense. At some point, it will be hot enough and dense enough for hydrogen to start fusing into helium. It needs to be 15 million Kelvin in the core for fusion to begin. When the protostar starts fusing hydrogen, it enters the "main sequence" phase of its life.

5. Gas and Dust in Space, the most massive reservoirs of ... Close-up of the Orion Nebula in Infrared and Visible Light. ... the material in the neighborhood of the new stars is blown away into interstellar space. ... material, and a newly formed star, surrounded by a disk, becomes observable.

Answer:

1. Stars form deep inside clouds of gas and dust. A cloud of gas and dust is a Nebula (plural - Nebulae). Star forming nebulae are cold, dense, and dark. Gravity causes the densest parts to collapse, forming regions called protostars.

2.Gravity

3.STAR FORMATION Star formation happens when part of a dust cloud begins to contract under its own gravitational force; as it collapses, the center becomes hotter and hotter until nuclear fusion begins in the core. ... Interstellar cloud starts to contract, probably triggered by shock or pressure wave from nearby star.

4.As the protostar gains mass, its core gets hotter and more dense. At some point, it will be hot enough and dense enough for hydrogen to start fusing into helium. It needs to be 15 million Kelvin in the core for fusion to begin. When the protostar starts fusing hydrogen, it enters the "main sequence" phase of its life.

5. Gas and Dust in Space, the most massive reservoirs of ... Close-up of the Orion Nebula in Infrared and Visible Light. ... the material in the neighborhood of the new stars is blown away into interstellar space. ... material, and a newly formed star, surrounded by a disk, becomes observable.

Explanation:

Sensory and motor neurons belong to the somatic division of the peripheral nervous system.

The following that is not an example of evidence for evolution is :

4. Vestigial structures

Thus, the correct option is B.

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A liver cell and a kidney cell in the same individual have the exact same DNA sequence with the exact same genes (Option B).

Both types of cells are derived from the same fertilized egg, and they inherit the same genetic information. However, the liver and kidney cells have different functions within the body, and this is mainly due to the specific genes that are expressed or turned "on" in each cell type.

Gene expression is regulated by various factors, including proteins called transcription factors, which bind to specific DNA sequences to promote or inhibit the expression of certain genes. In this way, liver cells can express genes involved in detoxification and metabolism, while kidney cells express genes responsible for filtering waste and maintaining electrolyte balance. Even though the DNA sequence remains the same, the differences in gene expression give each cell type its unique function and characteristics.

In summary, liver and kidney cells in the same individual have the exact same DNA sequence and genes, but their unique functions are determined by which genes are expressed in each cell type. Option B is correct.

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The seeds of victory are actions that will result in something happening in the future.

During World Military I, the campaign "Will You Have a Part in Victory?" encouraged Americans to cultivate war gardens. It appeared in the book "War Garden Victorious," written by Charles Lathrop Pack, head of the National War Garden Commission in World War I. The book is a thorough overview of the First World War victory gardening initiative. Pack's book contains copies of posters, brochures, and images of gardens from throughout the country. It has 179 pages and is 5.5" x 9" in size (13.97 x 22.86 cm).

During World War I (1914-1918), many Americans established gardens to boost their food supply and help the war effort. The gardens were dubbed "victory gardens" towards the end of the war. During World War II (1941-1945), Americans planted "victory gardens" once more. The gardens were heavily supported by the government & business, both to aid the military effort and to alleviate food shortages through rationing.

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Answer:

B. Bacterial conjugation is the mechanism used by bacterial cells to share genetic information.

Explanation:

Conjugation is the process by which one bacterium transfers genetic material to another through direct contact.

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Answer:

Punctuated equilibrium refers to B. Species that evolved very rapidly during relatively brief time spans

Explanation:

The theory of evolution states that organisms heritable characteristics change over time to form new lineages or species. Punctuated equilibrium is an evolutionary theory that explains the sudden appearance of novel species on the fossil record. In this theory, the species likely evolved quickly to survive in a significantly altered environment.

DNA replication process is the event during which the molecule duplicates. It occurs in the interphase and involved different enzymes, a DNA molecule, and free nucleotides. Image attached.

DNA replication is the process through which DNI molecule duplicates. This event takes place during the S stage of the interphase. So when the cell divides during mitosis or meiosis, each cell will get a complete set of chromosomes.

DNI replication is semi-conservative because each new molecule carries an original DNI strand and a new one. The fact that the new molecule is composed of an original strand makes it semi-conservative. The old existing strands are used to synthesize the new complementary strand.

The origin of the replication requires helicase enzymes to break hydrogen bonds and separate the two original strands. The topoisomerase enzyme is necessary to release tension. Other proteins are also needed to join the strains and keep them separated.

Once the molecule is opened, there is a region named replication forks. DNA polymerase makes the new nucleotides enter into the fork and pairs them with the corresponding nucleotide of the original strand. Adenine pairs timine, and cytosine pairs guanine.

DNA strands are antiparallel, and replication occurs only in 5'-3' direction. So one of the strands will replicate continuously, while the other strain will be formed by short fragments known as Okazaki fragments.

Primers are needed to make the DNA polymerase work. Primers are small units of RNA and are placed at the beginning of each new fragment.

You will find the labelled Image in the attached files.

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The blood supply for the pancreas, spleen, and stomach comes from the celiac artery.

The celiac artery is a branch of the abdominal aorta that supplies blood to the digestive tract organs and abdominal viscera. The spleen, stomach, and pancreas are all located in the abdomen and, therefore, receive their blood supply from the celiac artery.The celiac artery is divided into three branches, including the left gastric artery, splenic artery, and common hepatic artery.

The splenic artery supplies blood to the spleen, while the left gastric artery and common hepatic artery supply blood to the stomach and liver, respectively. The common hepatic artery divides into the gastroduodenal artery and proper hepatic artery. The gastroduodenal artery then branches into the right gastroepiploic artery and left gastroepiploic artery, which supply blood to the stomach.Explain this with long answer.

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Answer: Magnesium is used for making chlorophyll

Explanation:

The chlorophyll (which makes plant green) molecule contains magnesium. If a plant doesn't get enough magnesium, it cannot make as much chlorophyll as it needs. If there is lack of Magnesium in a plant, the leaves will turn yellow.

The insulin receptor is a transmembrane protein found on the cell surface of many cell types, including those of the pancreas, liver, muscles, and fat.

It plays an important role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, as it is responsible for the binding and activation of insulin, a hormone that promotes glucose uptake and utilization by cells. The intracellular domain of the insulin receptor protein is particularly important in this process, as it is responsible for relaying the signal from the extracellular domain of the receptor to the cell’s interior.

The increased storage of GLUT4 molecules in vesicles inside the cell is a direct consequence of the loss of function of the intracellular domain of the insulin receptor protein. GLUT4 is a glucose transporter protein that is involved in the uptake of glucose from the bloodstream into cells.

It is normally found on the cell surface, but when the insulin receptor protein is not functioning properly, the GLUT4 molecules are unable to bind to the receptor and are instead transported to the cell’s interior, where they are stored in vesicles.

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Answer:

B. refraction

Explanation: hope this helps!

The shadow zone exists due to the effect of seismic waves is the refraction. Thus, the correct option will be B.

Refraction can be defined as the redirection of a wave as it passes from one medium to another medium. The redirection of the waves in a medium can be caused by the wave's change in speed or by a change in the medium of wave.

Seismic waves are the waves which follow the same law of refraction at the compositional boundaries. If the seismic wave velocity in the rock below a boundary is increasing then, the waves will be refracted in the upward direction and this speed up relative to their original path of movement.

Therefore, the correct option will be B.

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Answer:

Thermal

Explanation:

Hope this helps

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Answer:

a. True

Explanation:

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers. The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

Answer:

i dont really see it

Explanation:

Answer: You should say that the graph matches the scientists claim because the scientist says that the oxygen levels in the artery increase while the oxygen levels in veins decrease.

Explanation:

The ash color is the atom of boron, the black atoms are the oxygen atoms and the white atoms are the hydrogen atoms.

We know that a model has to do with the representation of a substance. When we have a model, we could use the model as a way to explain or we use the model as a tool for prediction.

We have in this case the compound that has been shown by the use of the formula that we have in the question that is able as \(H_{3} PO_{3}\). We know that we can be able to show this from the image of the model as the various colors does correspond to different atoms.

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Explanation:

Organisms that do not depend on oxygen degrade foodstuffs in a process called fermentation. (For longer treatments of various aspects of cellular respiration, see tricarboxylic acid cycle and metabolism.) During the process of glycolysis in cellular respiration, glucose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water.

The cells that provide this support and protection in neural tissue are called glial cells, also known as neuroglia. Although neural tissue has a minimal extracellular matrix, it still requires support and protection.

Glial cells are non-neuronal cells that surround and support neurons in the nervous system. They make up about half of the total volume of the nervous system and have a variety of functions, including providing structural support and protection to neurons, regulating the extracellular environment around neurons, and aiding in neuronal signaling. There are several types of glial cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells, each with their own specific functions.

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Answer:

One of the most critical interactions in an ecosystem between the biotic and abiotic environment is photosynthesis, the base chemical reaction that drives most life on earth. Plants and algae use sunlight, water and carbon dioxide to create the energy they need to grow and live via photosynthesis.

Hope this helps!

Answer:

d and b are the correct answers

Answer:

5. The part of a plant that is most similar to a solar cell is the chloroplast. Chloroplasts are specialized organelles found in plant cells that contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs sunlight. They function in photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose (a form of energy) and oxygen.

In photosynthesis, chloroplasts capture light energy from the sun and use it to generate chemical energy in the form of glucose. This process occurs in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts, where chlorophyll molecules absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy through a series of complex reactions. The chemical energy stored in glucose is then utilized by the plant for various cellular processes, including growth, development, and metabolism.

So, just like a solar cell converts sunlight into electricity, chloroplasts in plants harness sunlight to produce chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Cell structure provides important clues about its function. The specific organization and components of a cell determine its capabilities and the tasks it can perform within an organism.

For example, the presence of specialized organelles like mitochondria suggests that a cell is involved in energy production, as mitochondria are responsible for cellular respiration, the process that generates ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells.

Similarly, the presence of ribosomes indicates that a cell is involved in protein synthesis, as ribosomes are responsible for assembling amino acids into proteins.

The shape and structure of a cell can also suggest its function. For instance, nerve cells have long, branching extensions called dendrites that enable them to receive and transmit electrical signals over long distances. Muscle cells are elongated and contain specialized proteins that allow them to contract and generate force for movement.

Overall, the structure of a cell is intricately related to its function, and by examining its components, organelles, and shape, we can gain insights into the specific roles and capabilities of different cell types within an organism.

Explanation: