Explain how protein structure is involved in enzyme specificity.
Answers
Protein structure determines enzyme specificity. The active site of the enzyme has a unique shape that complements the shape of the substrate molecule.
Enzymes are specific because the amino acid sequence in their primary structure determines the way they fold into a three-dimensional structure. The three-dimensional shape of the enzyme determines which substrates can bind to the enzyme. If the active site is complementary in shape to the substrate, then an enzyme-substrate complex is formed. The enzyme then catalyzes the reaction and produces a product that is released from the active site. The enzyme can only work with a specific substrate because the active site is designed to fit only one specific substrate.
An example of an enzyme's specificity is lactase. Lactase is an enzyme that is used to break down lactose in milk. The lactose molecule fits perfectly into the active site of lactase, which breaks it down into glucose and galactose. Lactase cannot break down other types of sugars, such as sucrose or fructose, because the active site is not complementary in shape to these molecules.
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Related Questions
the law of reflection states that light will always reflect
Answers
Answer:
The law of reflection states that, on reflection from a smooth surface, the angle of the reflected ray is equal to the angle of the incident ray. ... The reflected ray is always in the plane defined by the incident ray and the normal to the surface.
Explanation:
within how many hours must cooked tcs food be cooled
Answers
TCS food should be cooled within six hours. According to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines, cooked TCS food should be cooled within six hours.
Cooling food down rapidly is important to prevent the growth of bacteria and other harmful pathogens that can cause foodborne illness.TCS refers to foods that require time and temperature control for safety, such as meat, poultry, fish, dairy products, and cooked rice. When these foods are cooked and then left at room temperature for too long, bacteria can grow and multiply quickly. To prevent this from happening, it's important to cool TCS foods down as quickly as possible.
The FDA recommends using one of the following methods to cool TCS foods:
Divide large quantities of food into smaller portions, then place the containers in an ice bath or under cold running water.Stir the food occasionally to help it cool more quickly. Place hot food in shallow pans, then place the pans in the refrigerator or freezer. Make sure the pans are no more than two inches deep so that the food can cool quickly. Store the food in a cool, dry place that is below 41 degrees Fahrenheit. Avoid placing hot food in the refrigerator or freezer, as this can cause the temperature to rise and compromise the safety of other foods.To know more about Food and Drug Administration please refer:
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Please help me this is my last question.
You guys can do 1 sentence.
Thank you :)
Answers
if the shoreline is eroding due to pollution or construction the weather becomes more dangerous because there are less plant & wildlife to slow ot down
How many males are taller than 175 cm and approximately what persentage of the total is that? Which graphs illustrate the answer to previous question?
Answers
when during the cell cycle are chromosomes visible? group of answer choices only when they are being copied during mitosis chromosomes are always visible. only during the g phase only during interphase
Answers
During the cell cycle, chromosomes are visible only during mitosis. This is when the chromosomes are divided and distributed evenly into two daughter cells.
Mitosis is a process in which a cell separates its chromosomes into two identical sets. Chromosomes can only be seen during mitosis. The chromosomes are first copied, and the copies are pulled apart during the mitotic process.
Only during mitosis are chromosomes visible. Chromosomes, unlike mitosis, are not always visible. During the G1, S, and G2 stages of interphase, cells typically spend 90% of their time growing and replicating their organelles in preparation for cell division.
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A recipe for a cake calls for both liquid and dry ingredients. If you are following the recipe, how will the order in which you add the ingredients affect the mass of the batter?(1 point) It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed. If you add the liquid ingredients first, the final result will have less mass than if you added the dry ingredients first. This is because the dry ingredients will dissolve in the liquid ingredients. If you add the liquid ingredients first, the final result will have less mass than if you added the dry ingredients first. This is because the dry ingredients will dissolve in the liquid ingredients. If you add the dry ingredients first, the final result will have less mass than if you added the liquid ingredients first. This is because the dry ingredients will be dissolved by the liquid ingredients. If you add the dry ingredients first, the final result will have less mass than if you added the liquid ingredients first. This is because the dry ingredients will be dissolved by the liquid ingredients. It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that the mass of the batter will be greater than the masses of the ingredients. It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that the mass of the batter will be greater than the masses of the ingredients.
Answers
It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
Effect occurs on massThe order in which we add the ingredients do not affect the mass of the batter because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
The mass of the batter remains the same due to the incorporation of same quantity of ingredients so we can conclude that option A is the right answer for this question.
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Answer:It will have no effect because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
Effect occurs on mass
The order in which we add the ingredients do not affect the mass of the batter because the order in which ingredients are mixed will not change the fact that matter cannot be created nor destroyed.
The mass of the batter remains the same due to the incorporation of same quantity of ingredients so we can conclude that option A is the right answer for this question.
Explanation: 100% mark brainlist
What is the thin layer of gray matter that composes the outer layer of the cerebrum
Answers
In which trophic level do we find consumers?
Answers
Answer:
Beginning in level 2, and also anywhere above that
Explanation:
hey guys! im stuck on this hard question please save me lol
Answers
Answer:
1.chemical receptors
2. nerves carry signal to the brain
3. nerves carry signals to the muscle
4. the brain process these signals
5. the shark changes direction and swims towards pray
Explanation:
Answer:
1)chemical receptors in the nose sense odor particles in the water
2) nerves carry signals to the brain
3) the sharks brain processes the signals
4) nerves carry signals to the muscle
5)the shark changes direction to swim towards the prey
Lining a landfill with a thick tough plastic barrier is a strategy to address problems related to ________.
Answers
Lining a landfill with a thick tough plastic barr-ier is a strategy to address problems related to leach-ate
Leach-ate, a fluid that seeps into landfills, is produced by liquids found in trash as well as by outside water, including rainwater, that seeps through garbage.
What is Leach-ate in landfills ?Leach-ate is mostly produced when precipitation percolates through waste that has been dumped in a landfill. When percolating water comes into contact with solid waste that is degrading, it gets contaminated; if it then drains from the waste item, it is known as Leach-ate.
Biological techniques, such as activated sludge, can be used to treat Leach-ate. Metals, ammonia, and dissolved solids are just a few of the characteristics that can be eliminated using physicochemical methods. Clarifying mixed liquor created during biological therapy can be done successfully via membrane separation.Learn more about Leach-ate here:
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Which of the following statements is true?
Answers
Answer:
the answer is B = all living things are made of the same elements
What agent of deposition is this? Gravity,wind, waves, running water or glaciers.
Answers
Answer:
Sediment
Explanation
His prediction was that Penicillium produced a chemical, penicillin that affects the growth of bacteria. How did Fleming test his hypothesis?
Answers
The hypothesis of Alexander Fleming was that Penicillium produced a chemical called penicillin that affects the growth of bacteria. He tested this hypothesis in the following way:To test his hypothesis, Alexander Fleming took a culture of staphylococci bacteria and grew it in a Petri dish.
Once the bacteria had grown, he applied a bit of mold from a contaminated laboratory dish to the dish with the bacteria. After a while, he found that the bacteria in the area surrounding the mold was dead and did not grow again. However, the bacteria in other areas of the dish where there was no mold continued to grow as usual. After many trials, he concluded that the mold had released a substance that stopped the growth of the bacteria and named it penicillin.
Thus, Alexander Fleming tested his hypothesis by growing staphylococci bacteria in a Petri dish and applying mold from a contaminated laboratory dish to the dish with the bacteria. The bacteria in the area surrounding the mold died while the bacteria in other areas continued to grow.
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Populations of a European salamander, Proteus anguinus, live in underground caves that have a limited food supply. One of the salamander's adaptations is the
ability to significantly reduce its rate of metabolism when food is scarce.
Which of the following statements best describes how the process of natural selection led to this adaptation.
Answers
The adaptation of significantly reducing the rate of metabolism in the European salamander, Proteus anguinus, evolved through natural selection as individuals with this trait had higher survival rates and reproductive success in environments with limited food supply.
The process of natural selection led to the adaptation of the European salamander, Proteus anguinus, to significantly reduce its rate of metabolism when food is scarce. Natural selection is the mechanism by which individuals with advantageous traits for their environment have higher survival rates and reproductive success, leading to the increased prevalence of those traits in subsequent generations.
In the case of the salamander, the limited food supply in underground caves created a selective pressure favoring individuals that could conserve energy during periods of food scarcity. Salamanders with the ability to reduce their metabolic rate had a higher chance of survival as they could survive longer without food, making them more likely to reproduce and pass on this adaptive trait to their offspring.
Over time, through the process of natural selection, the individuals with the ability to lower their metabolic rate became more prevalent in the salamander population. This adaptation allowed them to better cope with the limited food supply in the caves, maximizing their chances of survival and reproductive success.
Therefore, the ability to significantly reduce the rate of metabolism in response to scarce food evolved in the salamander population as a result of natural selection, enabling them to thrive in their underground cave habitats.
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Q. What are peristaltic movements ?
Answers
➜ The contraction and expansion movements of the walls of food pipe are called peristaltic movements.
This movement pushes the food in forward direction in the alimentary canal.what is the final objective of decision tree? maximise the gini impurity of the leaf nodes?
Answers
No, the final objective of a decision tree is to maximize the predictive accuracy or minimize classification error by effectively splitting data based on features or creating pure leaf nodes. Gini impurity is used as one of criteria for splitting decisions.
In the context of decision trees, a node represents a point of decision or a split in the data based on a particular feature or attribute. Nodes serve as the building blocks of the decision tree structure. The root node represents the entire dataset, and subsequent nodes represent subsets of the data based on feature values. Leaf nodes, also known as terminal nodes, are the endpoints of the tree where final predictions or classifications are made. Nodes contain conditions that guide the tree's traversal, enabling the tree to make decisions and classify or predict outcomes based on the input features.
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If there are 200 short plants in the F2 generation from a cross that followed Mendel's methods, about how many plants will be tall in that generation?
Answers
Answer:
F2 has 600 tall plants.
Explanation:
According to Mendel's concepts, the F2 generation is formed by crossing two heterozygous plants, that is, two plants with the Aa alleles. These plants have the genes for tall plants and short plants, although they are tall because of the dominant "A" allele. In the cross between these two plants, we will have an offspring formed by 25% of short plants (aa), 25% of hom0zygous tall plants (AA) and 50% of heterozygous tall plants (Aa). As we can see, there are 3 times as many tall plants as short plants in F2's offspring. Therefore, if there are 200 short plants in a population, to know the amount of tall plants, we must multiply this value by 3. By doing this multiplication, we will know that there are 600 tall plants in F2.
THE MARTIAN AND THE CAR: Characteristics of Life
During his first mission for the Martian
government, Marvin the Martian was sent to Earth by
the Martian government to find evidence life. While
on Earth, Marvin captured a car and brought it back
to Mars. He thought he'd found a good example of
life on Earth. The Martian government does not
believe that the car Marvin brought back is alive
therefore, he must stand trial for failing to perform his
Martian duties
At the trial, Marvin spoke in his own defense.
"I first life fornis rolling along roads in great
Members. They www going of thick clouds of taste as they
moved. They med to move in hends as many of the
mored in the same direction in groups. They seemed to
have a great deal of some of the medier
than 70 miles per hourl When one of these life fornis stopped or slow down, the others beltind it
reacted. They slourd doon and got of red light from the back and sometimes they truly
make honking noises. I observed that they would often stop to feed on a liquid substance. I
found their birthing facility in a place called Detroit here ne individuals tere born and
carried off to nurseries for adtion
Your task?
You work for a major newspaper, and have been asked by your editor to write
up a pre verdict prediction, Predict what both the prosecution against Marvin) and
defense (for Marvin) will say in their dosing statements about the car's being alive
(Prosecutors will try to show u he song defense would try to show hote hetes kind
of close.
For the prosecution's argument please explain how Marvin's testimony is wrong
that his observations are flawed. Instead, you will give an actual example of this
characteristic of life and use it as evidence against Marvin's testimony. Make a chart
LIKE the one below on your own paper, filling in what each will say about each
characteristic
Characteristic
Defense
Prosecution
Cellular Organization
Chemicals of Life
Energy Use
Growth and development
Reproduction
Response to surroundings
Ok
Answers
Answer:
I know ya'll did not post this i'm laughing anyways... anyone has the answer.
Explanation:
waiting
In the final statement of the defense, they would say that Marvin's observations and explanations of the car's behaviors as signs of life are not valid.
What is MartianThey would say that the car doesn't have a structured organization, like living things do. Moreover, they would highlight that the car's reliance on fuel and chemicals is for the purpose of operating machinery, not for carrying out bodily functions.
The defense might also point out that the car doesn't show any signs of getting bigger, changing over time, or being able to have babies, which shows that it is not alive. they believe that the car's reactions to its environment are based on mechanics, not on living or adapting.
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Volcanoes impact both the air and land of the surrounding environment.truefalse
Answers
True because, if it erupts, lava alters the shape or size of the land. Additionally, the smoke may turn the area's air a dark shade, making visibility difficult.
Because they emit carbon dioxide (and other chemicals) into the atmosphere, volcanic eruptions are frequently brought up in conversation regarding climate change. However, human activities have a greater impact on the carbon cycle than all the world's volcanoes combined, by a factor of more than 100.
The majority of the injected ash gets cleared from the stratosphere within a few days to weeks and has no effect on climate change. But whereas volcanic carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, has the ability to support global warming, volcanic gases like sulfur dioxide can actually cause global cooling.
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Select the ways in which a plant’s metabolism is affected by aerobic respiration. (Multiple Choice)
O distributes NADH to vascular bundles distributes NADH to vascular bundles
O constructs pheromones for plant communication
O source of necessary enzymes
O respiration serves as a primary source of glucose
O rate of respiration determines rate of metabolism
O provides energy in a useable form
Answers
Answer:
O rate of respiration determines rate of metabolism
O provides energy in a useable form
O source of necessary enzymes
Explanation:
A plant's metabolism is affected by aerobic respiration in several ways. The rate of respiration can determine the rate of metabolism, as respiration provides the energy needed for metabolic processes to occur. Aerobic respiration also provides energy in a useable form, such as ATP, which can be used by the plant to power various cellular processes. Additionally, aerobic respiration is a source of necessary enzymes, which are needed for various metabolic reactions to occur.
animals that eat both plants and meat are called what?
Answers
A scientist is trying to construct a genetic map for four genes found in a new species of avocado. The scientist obtains the following dataset from a series of two-point crosses.
Gene loci in testcross Recombination frequency (%)
a and b 30
a and c 50
a and d 10
b and c 50
b and d 20
c and d 50
What does this data suggest about the genes?
gene a is in a different linkage group from the others
gene b is in a different linkage group from the others
gene c is in a different linkage group from the others
gene d is in a different linkage group from the others
All of the genes are in the same linkage group
Answers
The determine whether gene b, c, or d is in a different linkage group without additional information since all three genes show recombination frequencies suggesting that they are either on different linkage groups or widely separated on the same linkage group.
Based on the provided dataset from the two-point crosses, we can analyze the recombination frequencies between different gene loci to determine their linkage relationships.
In this case, we are examining four genes labeled as a, b, c, and d in a new species of avocado.
A two-point cross involves the analysis of recombination events between two genes at a time.
The recombination frequency represents the proportion of offspring that exhibit a recombination event between the two genes, indicating the distance between them on a genetic map.
Higher recombination frequencies suggest a greater physical distance between genes, while lower frequencies indicate genes that are closer together.
Let's examine the given recombination frequencies:
The recombination frequency between gene loci a and b is 30%. This suggests that these two genes are relatively close to each other on the same linkage group, but not as closely linked as genes c and d.
The recombination frequency between gene loci a and c is 50%. This high recombination frequency indicates that genes a and c are located on different linkage groups or are very far apart on the same linkage group.
The recombination frequency between gene loci a and d is 10%. This low recombination frequency suggests that genes a and d are closely linked and located near each other on the same linkage group.
The recombination frequency between gene loci b and c is 50%. Similar to the case of genes a and c, this high recombination frequency implies that genes b and c are either located on different linkage groups or are widely separated on the same linkage group.
The recombination frequency between gene loci b and d is 20%. This suggests that genes b and d are closer together compared to genes a and d, but they are not as closely linked as genes a and b.
The recombination frequency between gene loci c and d is 50%. As observed previously, this high recombination frequency indicates that genes c and d are either on different linkage groups or are distantly located on the same linkage group.
Based on the analysis of these recombination frequencies, it can be concluded that the genes a, b, c, and d are not all in the same linkage group.
Gene a is likely in a different linkage group from the others because it shows distinct recombination frequencies with all the other genes.
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Why are
there no gram-positive archaea species, but there are gram-positive
bacteria species?
Answers
Answer:
There are no gram positive archaea because archaea lack peptidoglycan in their cell walls, meaning that the archaeic cell walls are more similar to gram negative bacterial walls, although they do show a greater variety of cell wall types.
EXPLANATION
Bacteria can be divided into gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria because of their cell wall composition. The cell wall of gram-positive bacteria is made up of peptidoglycan which retains crystal violet stain and appears purple in color under microscope. The cell wall of gram-negative bacteria has an outer layer of lipopolysaccharide which do not retain crystal violet color and appear pink. The cell wall of archaea is not made up of peptidoglycan but is made up of pseudo-peptidoglycan, therefore, no gram-positive archaea species is present on the earth.
renal clearance determines the rate at which the kidneys can A. remove a particular substance from the blood. B. excrete water. C. reabsorb ions. D. add a substance to the blood.
Answers
Renal clearance is a measure of the efficiency of the kidneys in removing a particular substance from the blood. It is a measure of the rate at which the kidneys can eliminate a substance from the body through urine.
The clearance process involves filtration, reabsorption, and secretion. The kidneys remove waste products, excess ions, and other substances from the blood, and excrete them in urine. Renal clearance is used as an indicator of kidney function and can be used to diagnose and monitor various kidney disorders. It is also used to determine the dosage of drugs that are excreted by the kidneys. A high renal clearance indicates that the kidneys are functioning well and can efficiently eliminate substances from the body.
In conclusion, renal clearance determines the rate at which the kidneys can remove a particular substance from the blood, and it is a critical measure of kidney function and health. It is not related to the excretion of water, reabsorption of ions, or adding a substance to the blood.
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Some people think hydropower should be used to supply all of the electricity
for the United States. Which of the following statements describes a flaw in
this plan?
A. Hydropower contributes to the greenhouse effect.
L
B. Hydropower can be used only in the desert.
C. Hydropower is used only as transportation fuel.
D. Hydropower can harm native aquatic populations.
Answers
Answer:
D. Hydropower can harm native aquatic populations.
Explanation:
Hydropower is the power of water or hydrosphere and is the cheapest and simplest form of energy. The hydrosphere is a renewable source of energy and is thus non-polluting but most of the hydropower that is converted into electricity is harmful to the marine and aquatic life forms. As it disturbs their habitats and created chemical and physical change in the body of water. Such as depletion of oxygen and enrichment of nutrients.Explain how your model demonstrated energy transformation from thermal energy to mechanical energy during a volcanic eruption.
(I mixed warm water, vinegar, and baking soda)
Answers
Answer:
Well to begin with, the thermal energy is mostly provided by the energy contained in warm water, when mixed with the other two components the chemical units are modified to form a composite solution that will result in an energy release, this energy release generate a movement, which in this case is the eruptive movement simulating the eruption of a volcano.
Explanation:
By mixing the vinegar (which is an acid) with the baking soda (which is a base), they react and transform into water, sodium acetate (a salt), and carbon dioxide (a gas). Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the gas that causes bubbles to form from the eruption of the volcano and balloons to swell.
In the beginning of an experiment, there are 10 bacteria. Suppose the rate of growth is proportional to the number of bacteria. After one hour, the number of bacteria increase to 20. Suppose P(t) is the number of bacteria present at time t. Try to find P(t).
Answers
In this experiment, the rate of bacterial growth is proportional to the number of bacteria present. We can use this information to find an equation that describes the number of bacteria at any given time.
Let's start by assigning variables. Let P(t) represent the number of bacteria at time t. We know that at the beginning of the experiment, there are 10 bacteria, so we can write this as P(0) = 10.
We are given that after one hour, the number of into 20. This means that after one hour, P(1) = 20.
Since the rate of growth is proportional to the number of bacteria, we can write this relationship as a differential equation: dP/dt = kP, where k is the proportionality constant.
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A researcher discovered a small protein secreted by the pituitary that functions as a growth factor to stimulate cell division in mouse skin cells. The skin cells of mice that have a mutation in a particular gene do not respond to this growth factor. When the researcher isolated and sequenced the gene, she found that it coded for a protein kinase. Which statement best explains this
Answers
Answer:
The signal transduction pathway has at least one step in which the signal is transmitted by the activation of a protein via phosphorylation.
Explanation:
Name the layer in the atmosphere where temperatures can reach over 1,000 °C?
Answers
Answer:
the Thermosphere
Explanation The uppermost atmosphere is called the Thermosphere (therm-os-feer). Here, the temperature again increases with altitude. This is because atoms of nitrogen and oxygen absorb high-energy solar radiation and give off thermal energy... this causes the temperature to increase up to 1,000 degrees Celsius.
An organism that is used to control the population size of another organism is called a(n)
HELP
Answers
Answer:
Protists
Explanation:
Protists are one-celled, or simple multi-celled organisms. Some of them are pathogenic and can be considered useful in population control.
She most likely suffers from hyposmia as Jennifer suffers from a decreased sense of smell because of repeated colds and allergies. Thus, option C is correct.
What is Anosmia?"Anosmia" refers to a condition in which a person loses his sense of smell. This could either be a "temporary loss of smell" or "permanent loss of smell." A temporary loss of smell may be caused by a cold while permanent loss of smell may be caused by aging or injury to the nerves.
"Parosmia" refers to a condition in which a person's sense of smell is distorted or changed. This means that a person may think something smells awful when in reality, it smells good.
This could either be a "temporary loss of smell" or "permanent loss of smell." A temporary loss of smell may be caused by a cold while permanent loss of smell may be caused by aging or injury to the nerves.
Therefore, She most likely suffers from hyposmia as Jennifer suffers from a decreased sense of smell because of repeated colds and allergies. Thus, option C is correct.
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