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Scientists can optimize the separation and achieve accurate the identification and quantification components in a GC analysis. separation of components in gas chromatography (GC) depends on several factors:

Volatility: The volatility of the components plays a crucial role in their separation. Substances with higher volatility tend to elute (come out) earlier from the GC column compared to less volatile substances.

Molecular size: The size of the molecules affects their ability to interact with the stationary phase of the GC column. Larger molecules generally interact more with the stationary phase and take longer to elute.

Polarity: The polarity of the components and the polarity of the stationary phase in the column determine their interaction. Nonpolar substances elute faster in nonpolar stationary phases, while polar substances tend to interact more strongly and elute more slowly.

Temperature: The temperature at which the GC is conducted influences the separation. Raising the temperature can reduce the interaction between the components and the stationary phase, resulting in faster elution.

Flow rate: The flow rate of the carrier gas affects the separation. Higher flow rates can reduce the separation efficiency, while lower flow rates can lead to longer analysis times.

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The molar mass of H2O is 18 amu, which means that one mole of water weighs 18 grams.

The molar mass of H2O, also known as water.
To determine the molar mass of H2O, we need to consider the molecular weight of its constituent elements, hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O). The molecular weight of an element is the weight of one mole of that element, expressed in atomic mass units (amu). The molecular weight of hydrogen is approximately 1 amu, while the molecular weight of oxygen is approximately 16 amu.
Now, let's calculate the molar mass of H2O. In a water molecule, there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, so we'll need to add the molecular weights of these elements together.
Molar mass of H2O = (2 * molecular weight of H) + (1 * molecular weight of O)
Molar mass of H2O = (2 * 1 amu) + (1 * 16 amu)
Molar mass of H2O = 2 amu + 16 amu
Molar mass of H2O = 18 amu
So, the molar mass of H2O is 18 amu, In other words, the molecular weight of water is 18 grams per mole.

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The correct name of the molecule depends on the arrangement of the substituents on the cyclopentane ring.

If the chlorine atom and the two methyl groups are on the same side of the ring, the molecule is called cis-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane.

If the chlorine atom and the two methyl groups are on opposite sides of the ring, the molecule is called trans-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane.

Therefore, both "cis-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane" and "trans-1-chloro-3,4-dimethylcyclopentane" are correct names for the molecule, and two of the options provided in the question are acceptable.

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a. Br₂(g) has a higher entropy compared to Br₂(l) because gases have higher entropy than liquids at a given temperature.

b. BaCl₂(s) has a higher entropy compared to CaF₂(s) because BaCl₂ has more particles and is therefore more disordered than CaF₂.

a. Br₂(g) or Br₂(l). The higher entropy in this pair is Br₂(g). Gaseous substances have more entropy than their liquid counterparts because gas molecules are more widely dispersed and have greater freedom of movement.

(b) CaF₂(s) or BaCl₂(s). The higher entropy in this pair is CaF₂(s). CaF₂ has a more complex ionic lattice structure with more ions involved compared to BaCl₂, which results in a higher number of microstates and hence higher entropy.

So, the members with higher entropy are Brl₂(g) and CaF₂(s).

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Answer:

Hey!

Your answer is definitely A!

Explanation:

Hope this helps!

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In an ecosystem,  the following is a consequence of urban heat islands which is  increased precipitation downwind of the city.

Ecosystem is defined as a system which consists of all living organisms and the physical components with which the living beings interact. The abiotic and biotic components are linked to each other through nutrient cycles and flow of energy.

Energy enters the system through the process of photosynthesis .Animals play an important role in transfer of energy as they feed on each other.As a result of this transfer of matter and energy takes place through the system .Living organisms also influence the quantity of biomass present.By decomposition of dead plants and animals by microbes nutrients are released back in to the soil.

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The acetic acid/acetate buffer system consists of a weak acid (acetic acid, CH3COOH) and its conjugate base (acetate ion, CH3COO-). When a base is added to the buffer system, the following process occurs to neutralize it:

1. The base reacts with the weak acid (acetic acid) in the buffer system to form its conjugate base (acetate ion) and water. For example, if a hydroxide ion (OH-) is added, it reacts with acetic acid as follows:

  OH- + CH3COOH → CH3COO- + H2O

2. The conjugate base (acetate ion) that is formed acts as a reservoir for hydrogen ions (H+). It can accept hydrogen ions from the solution if the pH increases. This helps to maintain the pH of the buffer system within a certain range.

3. The buffer system resists large changes in pH because the equilibrium between the weak acid and its conjugate base is shifted to maintain a relatively constant concentration of both species. This allows the system to neutralize the added base and maintain its acidic nature.

The acetic acid/acetate buffer system neutralizes an added base by reacting with it to form the conjugate base and water, and by utilizing the conjugate base to accept hydrogen ions and maintain the pH of the system.

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For the pH after the addition of each volume of acid, we need to consider the reaction between methylamine (CH₃NH₂) and HNO₃. Methylamine is a weak base, and HNO3 is a strong acid. The reaction can be written as:

CH₃NH₂ + HNO₃ -> CH₃NH₃+ + NO₃-

First, let's calculate the initial moles of methylamine in the 100.0 ml sample:

moles CH₃NH₂ = volume (L) * concentration (mol/L)

moles CH₃NH₂ = 0.100 L * 0.100 mol/L

moles CH₃NH₂ = 0.010 mol

Since CH₃NH₂ is a weak base, it will react with HNO₃ in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, the number of moles of CH₃NH₂ reacting will be equal to the number of moles of HNO₃ added.

Now let's calculate the moles of HNO₃ added for each case:

a) 0.0 ml (no HNO₃ added): 0.010 mol

b) 20.0 ml: moles HNO₃ = 0.020 L * 0.250 mol/L = 0.005 mol

c) 40.0 ml: moles HNO₃ = 0.040 L * 0.250 mol/L = 0.010 mol

d) 60.0 ml: moles HNO₃ = 0.060 L * 0.250 mol/L = 0.015 mol

Now we need to calculate the moles of CH₃NH₂ and CH₃NH₃+ remaining after the reaction.

For case a) 0.0 ml:

moles CH₃NH₂ remaining = 0.010 mol - 0.000 mol = 0.010 mol

moles CH₃NH₃+ formed = 0.000 mol

For case b) 20.0 ml:

moles CH₃NH₂ remaining = 0.010 mol - 0.005 mol = 0.005 mol

moles CH₃NH₃+ formed = 0.005 mol

For case c) 40.0 ml:

moles CH₃NH₂ remaining = 0.010 mol - 0.010 mol = 0.000 mol

moles CH₃NH₃+ formed = 0.010 mol

For case d) 60.0 ml:

moles CH₃NH₂ remaining = 0.010 mol - 0.015 mol = -0.005 mol (Excess acid)

moles CH₃NH₃₊ formed = 0.015 mol

Since methylamine is a weak base, we need to consider the Kb value to calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) and then convert it to pH.

The Kb expression for methylamine is:

Kb = [CH₃NH₃+][OH-] / [CH₃NH₂]

We can assume that [OH-] ≈ [CH₃NH₃+], so the equation becomes:

Kb = [OH-]^2 / [CH₃NH₂]

Rearranging the equation:

[OH-] = sqrt(Kb * [CH₃NH₂])

Now, let's calculate the OH- concentration and convert it to pH for each case:

a) 0.0 ml:

[OH-] = sqrt(3.7x10^-4 * 0.010 mol) ≈ 0.00608 M

pOH = -log10(0.00608) ≈ 2.22

pH = 14

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You can use chemical formulas to determine if a change is either chemical or physical by looking for changes in the number and type of atoms in the reactants and products.

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Hemoglobin has a much greater affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen. In a hyperbaric chamber (containing high levels of oxygen) can treat carbon monoxide poisoning, by displacing carbon monoxide from Hemoglobin competitively.

Hemoglobin has a much greater affinity for carbon monoxide than oxygen. This is because, a coordinate bond is formed with Carbon monoxide and Haem structure of the hemoglobin.

Carbon monoxide with Hemoglobin is called as Carboxy haemoglobin.

Presence of oxygen displaces the Carbon monoxide with Hemoglobin that is formed due to poisoning.

Hyperbaric chamber is a chamber which contains pure oxygen in a chamber. The atmospheric pressure is kept about three to four times than the normal, such that the replacement of Carbon monoxide from Haem can occur as fast as possible since this reduces the half life of the Carboxy haemoglobin.

It is advisable not to treat Carbon monoxide poisoning yourself.

Hyperbaric oxygen is used to treat the following conditions as well:

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The approximate probability of finding Elecpatra in the mid-region between x = 3L/8 and x = 5L/8 is 0.250.

To calculate the probability of finding Elecpatra in the mid-region between x = 3L/8 and x = 5L/8, we need to determine the probability amplitude associated with that region.

The probability amplitude can be found by examining the wave function of Elecpatra in the 4th excited state of the 1D infinite well.

In the 1D infinite well, the wave function for the nth excited state can be expressed as:

ψ(x) = sqrt(2/L) * sin((n * π * x) / L)

Since Elecpatra is in the 4th excited state, n = 4. We can now substitute the values into the wave function:

ψ(x) = sqrt(2/L) * sin((4 * π * x) / L)

To find the probability amplitude for the mid-region between x = 3L/8 and x = 5L/8, we integrate the absolute square of the wave function over that region. The probability amplitude is the square root of the result.

P = Integral [3L/8 to 5L/8] |ψ(x)|^2 dx)

Calculating the integral and simplifying the expression, we find:

P = sqrt(2/π)

Approximating π as 3.14, we can evaluate the expression:

P ≈ sqrt(2/3.14)

P ≈ 0.250

Therefore, the approximate probability of finding Elecpatra in the mid-region between x = 3L/8 and x = 5L/8 is 0.250.

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There could be several reasons why the reading for the Ca ion standard solution increased from 10 ppm to 15 ppm in an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Some possible explanations include:

Contamination of the standard solution: The standard solution may have been contaminated with another substance that contains calcium ions, leading to a higher reading than expected.

Instrumental error: There may have been an error in the instrument calibration or measurement process, leading to inaccurate readings.

Interference from other ions: Other ions in the sample or in the instrument may have interfered with the measurement of calcium ions, leading to a higher reading.

Dilution error: If the standard solution was not diluted correctly, it could lead to a higher concentration of calcium ions than intended.

It is important to investigate the cause of the higher reading to ensure accurate and reliable measurements.

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Answer:

The most common example is the molar volume of a gas at STP (Standard Temperature and Pressure), which is equal to 22.4 L for 1 mole of any ideal gas at a temperature equal to 273.15 K and a pressure equal to 1.00 atm.If an ideal gas at a constant temperature is initially at a pressure of 3.8 atm and is then allowed to expand to a volume of 5.6 L and a pressure of 2.1 - 18914… ... of 5.6 L and a pressure of 2.1 atm, what is the initial volume of the gas? ... An ideal gas is at a pressure of 1.4 atm and has a volume of 3 L.

Explanation:

I hope I help :)

Answer: B3N3H6

Explanation:

I am pretty sure the formula for benzene is B3N3H6. If I am wrong, I am sorry, I learned this a long time ago.

Answer:

3.79 moles

Explanation:

To convert moles to gams of a substance we need to find the molar mass of the substance. For Ca(OH)₂ th molar mass is:

1Ca = 40.08g/mol

2O = 2*16g/mol = 32g/mol

2H = 2*1.01g/mol = 2.02g/mol

The molar mass is:

40.08g/mol + 32g/mol + 2.02g/mol = 74.1g/mol

And moles are:

281g * (1mol / 74.1g) =

Therefore, the percent yield of the work is 78.2%.

Percent yield refers to the percentage of the actual yield obtained from a reaction as compared to the theoretical yield. It is calculated using the formula:

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100

Given that 2.44 grams of silver was extracted from a solution prepared by dissolving 4.92 grams of silver nitrate (AgNO3).

To calculate the percent yield, we need to determine the theoretical yield.

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction between silver nitrate and silver is:

2 AgNO3(aq) + 2 Ag(s) → 4 AgNO3(aq)

The equation states that 2 moles of silver nitrate react with 2 moles of silver to produce 4 moles of silver nitrate.

From this equation, we can determine that the theoretical yield of silver is equivalent to the amount of silver nitrate used in the reaction (assuming that the reaction goes to completion).

The molar mass of AgNO3 is 169.87 g/mol.

We can use this to convert the mass of AgNO3 used in the reaction to moles:

moles of AgNO3 = mass / molar mass= 4.92 g / 169.87 g/mol= 0.02892 mol

Since two moles of AgNO3 produces two moles of Ag, then 0.02892 moles of AgNO3 will produce 0.02892 moles of Ag.

The molar mass of Ag is 107.87 g/mol.

We can use this to convert the moles of Ag to mass:

mass of Ag = moles of Ag x molar mass

mass of Ag = 0.02892 mol x 107.87 g/mol

mass of Ag = 3.12 g

Therefore, the theoretical yield of silver is 3.12 grams.

Using the formula for percent yield:

Percent Yield = (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100

Substituting the given values:

Percent Yield = (2.44 g / 3.12 g) x 100Percent Yield = 78.2%

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The percent yield of the work is approximately 49.59%. The percent yield is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction or process.

Percent yiel represents the ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage. In this case, the actual yield is the amount of silver (Ag) extracted, which is given as 2.44 grams. The theoretical yield is the amount of silver that would be obtained if the reaction proceeded with 100% efficiency, which can be calculated from the amount of silver nitrate (AgNO3) used.

To determine the theoretical yield, we need to consider the stoichiometry of the reaction. The balanced equation for the reaction between silver nitrate and silver is:

2 AgNO3 + 2 Ag → 2 Ag2O + N2O + O2

From the equation, we can see that 2 moles of silver nitrate react to produce 2 moles of silver. Therefore, the molar ratio between silver nitrate and silver is 1:1.

Given that the mass of silver nitrate used is 4.92 grams, we can convert this to moles using the molar mass of AgNO3 (169.87 g/mol). The molar mass of silver (Ag) is 107.87 g/mol.

Moles of AgNO3 = 4.92 g / 169.87 g/mol = 0.02895 mol

Since the molar ratio between AgNO3 and Ag is 1:1, the theoretical yield of silver is also 0.02895 mol.

Converting the theoretical yield to grams:

Theoretical yield of Ag = 0.02895 mol × 107.87 g/mol = 3.125 grams

Now we can calculate the percent yield:

Percent yield = (Actual yield / Theoretical yield) × 100

= (2.44 g / 3.125 g) × 100

≈ 49.59%

Therefore, the percent yield of the work is approximately 49.59%.

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Answer:

Because they have variable oxidation states

Explanation:

Transition metals are designated with roman numerals because they have variable oxidation states.

They do not form a single ionic ion as seen by the main group elements.

According to the question, helium atoms are there in the sample is (3.05 J/P) / (R × (105 + 273.15 K)) × 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol.

Helium atoms are the second most abundant type of atom in the universe. They are the simplest of all atoms, consisting of only two protons and two neutrons. Helium atoms are extremely lightweight, with an atomic weight of only four, making them the second lightest element after hydrogen.

The number of helium atoms in the sample can be calculated using the ideal gas law: n = PV/RT

where n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V is the volume, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature.

Since the process is adiabatic and quasistatic, the pressure and volume of the sample can be determined from the work done on the piston:

W = P(V2 - V1)

where W is the work done, V2 is the final volume, and V1 is the initial volume.

Since the work done is 3.05 J, the final volume is 3.05 J/P. The initial volume can be determined from the ideal gas law, using the initial temperature of 105°C and the number of moles (which is unknown).

n = PV1/RT1

where n is the number of moles, P is the pressure, V1 is the initial volume, R is the ideal gas constant, and T1 is the initial temperature.

Substituting the values into the ideal gas law, we can solve for the number of moles: n = (3.05 J/P) / (R × (105 + 273.15 K))

Once the number of moles is determined, the number of helium atoms can be calculated by multiplying by Avogadro's number.

N = n × 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol

Therefore, the number of helium atoms in the sample is:

N = (3.05 J/P) / (R × (105 + 273.15 K)) × 6.02 x 10²³ atoms/mol.

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Answer:

Use the formula C1V1 = C2V2

We have the initial concentration and volume

C1= 0.5 M

V1 = 1.00 L

We also have the final volume

V2 = 2.00L

C2 = ?

Rearrange the formula to find C2:

(C1 x V1) / V2 = C2

(0.5 x 0.1) / (2) = 0.25 M

Therefore the concentration of the final solution is 0.25 M.  

The solubility of a substance in water is its ability to dissolve in water. Therefore, the correct answer is: d) all are equal

The solubility of a substance in water is its ability to dissolve in water. In the case of the given acids - formic acid, propionic acid, and acetic acid - all of them are organic acids and can dissolve in water due to their polar nature and the presence of a carboxyl group (-COOH).
Comparing the solubility of these acids, it is important to consider their molecular structures and the strength of intermolecular forces. Formic acid (HCOOH) and acetic acid (CH3COOH) have similar structures, with one and two carbon atoms, respectively. Propionic acid (C2H5COOH) has three carbon atoms.
As the length of the carbon chain increases, the solubility in water tends to decrease due to the increase in hydrophobic interactions. However, the difference in solubility among formic acid, acetic acid, and propionic acid is not significant enough to classify one as having the greatest solubility.
Therefore, the correct answer is:
d) all are equal

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Answer:

Explanation:

As the redeposited minerals build up after countless water drops, a stalactite is formed. If the water that drops to the floor of the cave still has some dissolved calcite in it, it can deposit more dissolved calcite there, forming a stalagmite.

Answer:

D) C₄H₉OH

Explanation:

In chemistry, isomers are chemical substances with the same formula (That is, same atoms but in different structures).

For the compound C₂H₅OC₂H₅ there are 4 atoms of C, 10 atoms of H and 1 atom of O.

A) CH₃COOH . This compound have 2 atoms of C, 4 atoms of H and 2 atoms of O. Thus, isn't an isomer.

B) C₂H₅COOCH₃. There are 4 atoms of C but 8 atoms of H and 2 atoms of O. Isn't an isomer

C) C₃H₇COCH₃. There are 5 atoms of C, 10 atoms of H and 1 atom of O. Thus, isn't an isomer

D) C₄H₉OH. Here, you have 4 atoms of C, 10 atoms of H and 1 atom of O. That means this structure is the isomer of C₂H₅OC₂H₅

The increased distance across the cell will result in an increase absorbance reading.

The concentration of \([Fescn]_2\) would be affected if the cuvette had a 1.5 cm path length rather than the 1.0 cm value used.Since the absorbance of a sample is proportional to the concentration of a sample (as described by the Beer-Lambert law), increasing the path length of the cuvette would result in a decrease in absorbance. This means that the concentration of the sample would be lower than if the 1 cm path length was used. In other words, the concentration of \([Fescn]_2\)would be lower if the cuvette had a 1.5 cm path length than if it had a 1.0 cm path length.

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Answer:

The bowling ball is red, has stripes, and has 3 finger holes.

Answer:

The shape of the bowling ball is round. The color of the bowling ball is red. The bowling ball is hard. The bowling ball is smooth.

Explanation: Hope I helped

The horizontal component of velocity is constant throughout the motion. The distance traveled by the projectile is given by the equation d = V^2 sin2θ/g where d is the distance traveled.

Carl Lewis at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, won gold medals for the long jump (28 feet 5.5 inches).

This resulted from an initial velocity of 9.5 m/s at an angle of 40 degrees to the horizontal.Initial velocity is the initial speed and direction of a moving object at a particular instant in time.

Its direction is typically measured in degrees, with 0 degrees being to the right, 90 degrees being up, and 180 degrees being to the left. The horizontal is the axis that runs from left to right.

The angle between the horizontal and the initial velocity vector is referred to as the angle of projection. This is usually referred to as the theta symbol.

The vertical component of velocity is equal to the initial velocity multiplied by the sine of the angle of projection. This is due to the fact that velocity can be broken down into horizontal and vertical components.

The horizontal velocity is constant throughout the motion and the vertical velocity changes due to gravity.

Therefore, the vertical component of velocity is zero at the top of the motion and maximum at the bottom.

The maximum height reached by the projectile is given by the equation h = V^2 sin^2θ/2g where h is the maximum height, V is the initial velocity, θ is the angle of projection, and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

On the other hand, the horizontal component of velocity is equal to the initial velocity multiplied by the cosine of the angle of projection.

This is due to the fact that velocity can be broken down into horizontal and vertical components.

The horizontal velocity is constant throughout the motion and the vertical velocity changes due to gravity.

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The ketone that can be shown by the description have been shown in the image attached.

A strong analytical method known as mass spectrometry can reveal important details about the make-up, structure, and characteristics of molecules. It enables researchers to pinpoint and examine a sample's chemical and isotopic features.

The mass of a molecule or an ion can be precisely determined using mass spectrometry. The mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) measurement enables the recognition and verification of a compound's molecular formula. Particularly relevant to the study of pharmaceutical analysis, biochemistry, and organic chemistry.

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Answer:

Approximately \(0.08\; \rm mol\), assuming that this gas is an ideal gas.

Explanation:

Look up the standard room temperature and pressure:\(25\; \rm ^{\circ}C\) and \(P = 101.325 \; \rm kPa\).

The question states that the volume of this gas is \(V = 2\; \rm dm^{3}\).

Convert the unit of all three measures to standard units:

\(\begin{aligned} T &= 25\; \rm ^{\circ}C \\ &= (25 + 273.15)\; \rm K \\ &= 293.15\; \rm K\end{aligned}\).

\(\begin{aligned}P &= 101.325\; \rm kPa \\ &= 101.325 \; \rm kPa \times \frac{10^{3}\; \rm Pa}{1\; \rm kPa} \\ &= 1.01325 \times 10^{5}\; \rm Pa\end{aligned}\).

\(\begin{aligned}V &= 2\; \rm dm^{3} \\ &= 2 \; \rm dm^{3} \times \frac{1\; \rm m^{3}}{10^{3}\; \rm dm^{3}} \\ &= 2 \times 10^{-3}\; \rm m^{3}\end{aligned}\).

Look up the ideal gas constant in the corresponding units: \(R \approx 8.31\; \rm m^{3}\cdot Pa \cdot mol^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}\).

Let \(n\) denote the number of moles of this gas in that \(V = 2\; \rm dm^{3}\). By the ideal gas law, if this gas is an ideal gas, then the following equation would hold:

\(P \cdot V = n \cdot R \cdot T\).

Rearrange this equation and solve for \(n\):

\(\begin{aligned}n &= \frac{P \cdot V}{R \cdot T} \\ &\approx \frac{1.01325 \times 10^{5}\; {\rm Pa} \times 2 \times 10^{-3}\; {\rm m^{3}}}{8.31 \; {\rm m^{3} \cdot Pa \cdot mol^{-1} \cdot K^{-1}} \times 293.15\; {\rm K}} \\ &\approx 0.08\; \rm mol\end{aligned}\).

In other words, there is approximately \(2\; \rm mol\) of this gas in that \(V = 2\; \rm dm^{3}\).

Answer:

Eukaryotes

Explanation: