E4: Please show complete solution and explanation. Thank you!
4. Calculate the change in entropy when 100g of water at 100°C are mixed under adiabatic conditions and at constant atmospheric pressure with a) 100g of water at 0°C, b) 100g of ice at 0°C. The mea

Answer: a-f

b-t

c-t

Explanation:

C = m V . The unit of concentration is typically given as g/mL because the solute mass is frequently given in grammes and the volume is frequently given in milliliters. However, there are a tone of other mass and volume unit combinations that are possible.

Given that a solution consists of both a solute and a solvent, its total volume is equal to the sum of the volumes of both the solute and the solvent it contains.

A solution's concentration is an indicator of how much solute has dissolved in a specific volume of solvent or solution. When there is a significant amount of dissolved solute in a solution, it is said to be concentrated. When a dissolved solute is present in a solution, it is said to be diluted.

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Answer:The substance that is dissolved in another substance

Explanation:

The solute is what is dissolved in a solvent, and the result is a solution.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

cuz solute is the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent so it is a substance that dissolve in solvent

in my opinion the second idea is describe solute

Answer:

227 mL KBr

Explanation:

To find the amount of milliliters KBr, you need to (1) convert grams to moles (via molar mass from values on periodic table), then (2) find the amount of liters KBr (via molarity equation using molarity and moles), and then (3) convert liters to milliliters. The final answer should have 3 sig figs to match the amount of sig figs in the given values.

(Step 1)

Molar Mass (KBr): 39.098 g/mol + 79.904 g/mol

Molar Mass (KBr): 119.002 g/mol

17.2 grams KBr            1 mole
-----------------------  x  ------------------  =  0.145 moles KBr
                                  119.002 g

(Step 2)

Molarity (M) = moles / volume (L)

0.640 M = 0.145 moles / volume

(0.640 M) x (volume) = 0.145 moles

volume = (0.145 moles) / (0.640 M)

volume = 0.227 L

(Step 3)

0.227 L KBr         1,000 mL
------------------  x  -----------------  = 227 mL KBr
                                1 L

According to small molecules and ions, we order the intermolecular forces according to their relative strengths:

This order is correct because of the nature of the different forces.

For small molecules and ions, arrange the intermolecular forces according to their relative strengths.

List them from stronger to weaker:

- Ion-ion forces

- Hydrogen bonds

- Dipole-dipole forces

- Ion-dipole forces

- London dispersion forces

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The correct order of the steps is: carbonyl oxygen is protonated, alcohol adds to the carbonyl to form a tetrahedral intermediate, hydroxy oxygen is protonated, and alcohol displaces the hydroxy group in an SN2 reaction.

The first step in the mechanism to convert a carboxylic acid to an ester is the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen. This protonation makes the carbonyl carbon more electrophilic, allowing it to react with the alcohol in the next step. The alcohol then adds to the carbonyl to form a tetrahedral intermediate. The hydroxy oxygen is then protonated, which facilitates the leaving of the hydroxy group and the formation of the ester in an SN2 reaction.

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) and hydrogen sulphide (HSCH3) react in the specified reaction using an SN2 mechanism. SN is a particular kind of nucleophilic substitution reaction in which the nucleophile contacts the substrate directly, which causes the leaving group to be displaced in a bimolecular manner. As the nucleophile in the described reaction, hydrogen sulphide attacks the THF's carbon center. Through a coordinated process, this assault causes the leaving group—an alkyl group linked to the THF—to be displaced.

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Fresh air contains approximately 300 ppm CO2, whereas the breath of an intoxicated person contains about 3 percent CO2. The amount of CO2 in the breath of an intoxicated person is 100 times the amount of CO2 in fresh air.

How many times the amount of CO2 is in the breath of an intoxicated person as compared to fresh air? The amount of CO2 in the breath of an intoxicated person is 100 times the amount of CO2 in fresh air. Key Points Carbon dioxide concentration in fresh air is approximately 300 ppm. The carbon dioxide concentration in the breath of an intoxicated person is roughly 3 percent of the total volume of exhaled air. Calculation: We are given that the concentration of carbon dioxide in fresh air is roughly 300 ppm.

We are also told that the concentration of carbon dioxide in the breath of an intoxicated person is roughly 3 percent of the total volume of exhaled air. To calculate the answer, we can use the fact that 1 percent is the same as 1/100 or 0.01. As a result, we can convert the percent value to a decimal by dividing by 100.Therefore, 3 percent of the total volume of exhaled air is 0.03. Next, we can compare this value to the concentration of carbon dioxide in fresh air, which is roughly 300 ppm.

To do so, we will divide the concentration of CO2 in the breath of an intoxicated person by the concentration of CO2 in fresh air:0.03 / (300 ppm) = 0.0001 or 1/10000.1/10000 is the same as 1/1000 x 1/10. So, 1/10 is the same as 10/100. Therefore,1/1000 x 10/100 = 10/1,000= 1/100 times or0.1 times

In conclusion, the amount of CO2 in the breath of an intoxicated person is 100 times the amount of CO2 in fresh air.

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To produce 35.5g of H2, approximately 2055.49g of NaCl is required.

To calculate the mass of NaCl required to produce 35.5g of H2, we need to determine the stoichiometry of the reaction and use the molar mass of NaCl.

The balanced equation for the reaction is:

2NaCl + 2H2O -> 2NaOH + H2

From the balanced equation, we can see that for every 2 moles of NaCl, 1 mole of H2 is produced. We can use the molar mass of H2 (2.016g/mol) to convert the given mass of H2 into moles:

moles of H2 = mass of H2 / molar mass of H2

moles of H2 = 35.5g / 2.016g/mol

moles of H2 = 17.6 mol

Since the stoichiometry of the reaction is 2 moles of NaCl to 1 mole of H2, we can set up the following ratio:

moles of NaCl / moles of H2 = 2 / 1

Rearranging the equation to solve for moles of NaCl:

moles of NaCl = (moles of H2 * 2) / 1

moles of NaCl = (17.6 mol * 2) / 1

moles of NaCl = 35.2 mol

Now, we can calculate the mass of NaCl required using the molar mass of NaCl (58.44g/mol):

mass of NaCl = moles of NaCl * molar mass of NaCl

mass of NaCl = 35.2 mol * 58.44g/mol

mass of NaCl = 2055.49g

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In an ionic bond, electrons are transferred from a cation to an anion. The number of electrons transferred depends on the charges of the ions involved in the bond.

In BaS (barium sulfide), barium (Ba) has a +2 charge, and sulfur (S) has a -2 charge. To form a neutral compound, two electrons are transferred from barium to sulfur, resulting in an ionic bond between Ba2+ and S2-. So, one formula unit of BaS transfers two electrons to form the ionic bond.

In KF (potassium fluoride), potassium (K) has a +1 charge, and fluoride (F) has a -1 charge. To form a neutral compound, one electron is transferred from potassium to fluoride, resulting in an ionic bond between K+ and F-. So, one formula unit of KF transfers one electron to form the ionic bond.

In KCl (potassium chloride), potassium (K) has a +1 charge, and chloride (Cl) has a -1 charge. To form a neutral compound, one electron is transferred from potassium to chloride, resulting in an ionic bond between K+ and Cl-. So, one formula unit of KCl transfers one electron to form the ionic bond.

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mass of pentane : = 30.303 g

moles of Al₂(CO₃)₃ : = 0.147

Given

1. Reaction

C₅H₁₂+8O₂→6H₂O+5CO₂.

45.3 g water

2. 2AlCl₃ + 3MgCO₃ → Al₂(CO₃)₃ + 3MgCl₂

37.2 MgCO₃

Required

mass of pentane

moles of Al₂(CO₃)₃

Solution

1. mol water = 45.3 : 18 g/mol = 2.52

From equation, mol ratio of C₅H₁₂ : H₂O = 1 : 6, so mol pentane :

= 1/6 x mol H₂O

= 1/6 x 2.52

= 0.42

Mass pentane :

= mol x MW

= 0.42 x 72.15 g/mol

= 30.303 g

2. mol MgCO₃ : 37.2 : 84,3139 g/mol = 0.44

mol Al₂(CO₃)₃ :

= 1/3 x mol MgCO₃

= 1/3 x 0.44

= 0.147

Answer:C. Chemical Formula

Explanation:

The pH of the solution containing an amphetamine concentration of 219 mg/L is approximately 11.21.

To calculate the pH of a solution containing amphetamine, we first need to determine the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) in the solution. We can do this by using the p_Kb value and the concentration of amphetamine.

Given:

Amphetamine concentration = 219 mg/L

To convert the concentration from milligrams per liter (mg/L) to moles per liter (M), we need to know the molar mass of amphetamine. The molar mass of amphetamine (C9H13N) is calculated as follows:

C (carbon) = 12.01 g/mol x 9 = 108.09 g/mol

H (hydrogen) = 1.01 g/mol x 13 = 13.13 g/mol

N (nitrogen) = 14.01 g/mol x 1 = 14.01 g/mol

Total molar mass of amphetamine = 108.09 g/mol + 13.13 g/mol + 14.01 g/mol = 135.23 g/mol

Now, let's calculate the concentration of amphetamine in moles per liter (M):

Concentration (M) = (219 mg/L) / (135.23 g/mol)

= 1.62 mmol/L

= 1.62 x 10^-3 mol/L

Since amphetamine is a weak base, we can assume that most of it will react with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-). This means that the concentration of hydroxide ions is equal to the concentration of amphetamine.

Concentration of hydroxide ions (OH-) = 1.62 x 10^-3 mol/L

Now we can calculate the pOH using the formula:

pOH = -log10 [OH-]

pOH = -log10 (1.62 x 10^-3)

= 2.79

To calculate the pH, we use the equation:

pH + pOH = 14

pH = 14 - pOH

= 14 - 2.79

= 11.21

Therefore, the pH of the solution containing an amphetamine concentration of 219 mg/L is approximately 11.21.

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Answer:

stars,auroras,a neon sign

Explanation:

just did it

The group 1 has a higher efficiency because group 1 has a higher output power.

Efficiency in chemistry is a comparison of the energy input and output in a specific system. Its definition is given by the equation and is expressed as the proportion of output to input energy: The representation of energy in the form of heat or power using this equation is quite common.

Efficiency is a function of input and output. Including waste and spoilage, output is the total amount of productive work completed (or work output). To create a percentage, efficiency is simply multiplied by 100.

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The enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide per mole is -110.5 kJ/mol. This can be calculated using the equation: ∆Hf(CO) = ∆Hcomb(C) + 0.5∆Hcomb(O2) - ∆Hcomb(CO). Substituting the given values and solving for ∆Hf(CO), we get -110.5 kJ/mol.

The enthalpy of formation of a compound is defined as the enthalpy change when one mole of the compound is formed from its constituent elements in their standard states. The enthalpy of combustion of carbon and carbon monoxide are given. Using Hess's law and the above equation, we can calculate the enthalpy of formation of carbon monoxide. The negative sign indicates that the formation of carbon monoxide is exothermic and releases heat.

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Answer:   Y  21.38 % , Al  32.44 % and O 46.16 %

Explanation: Molar mass of YAl5O12 is 88.91 + 5·26.98+12·16

= 415.81 g/mol

  m-% ( Y) = 88.91 / 415.81 = 21.38 % ,     m-% (Al) = 5·26.98 / 415.81 =

  32.44 %  , rest is Oxygen

When solutions of silver (I) nitrate and hydrochloric acid are mixed, the spectator ions in the resulting reaction are only Ag+ and Cl-.

Explanation :

What is a spectator ion?

An ion that is present in a solution but is not involved in the chemical reaction is known as a spectator ion.

Spectator ions have the same charge and are not affected by the reaction. During the formation of a precipitate, spectator ions are not involved.

They are neither oxidized nor reduced in the course of a reaction.

When solutions of silver(I) nitrate and hydrochloric acid are mixed, the following reaction occurs:

AgNO3 (aq) + HCl (aq) → AgCl (s) + HNO3 (aq)

The equation shows that Ag+ and Cl- ions interact with each other to create solid AgCl.

Nitrate and hydrogen ions are considered spectator ions since they are not involved in the reaction's creation or destruction.Spectator ions can be identified by examining the charges of the ions involved in the reaction.

Any ions that are present on both sides of the chemical equation and have the same charge as the starting elements are considered spectator ions.

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Answer:

B: a changing in color of a substance

Explanation:

The answer is B because whatever substance you get it would have a reaction of color

The mixture of **1.0 M \(Na_2CO_3\)**2 will have the lowest freezing point.

what is The freezing point of a substance?

The temperature at which a liquid transforms into a solid when cooled is known as the freezing point. It is often referred to as the temperature at which a solid melts.

A substance's freezing point is a collective attribute. This indicates that it is dependent on the number of drugs in the system.

The freezing point is given by; T - Ta = K * m * i

Where;

T = freezing point of the pure solution

Ta = freezing point of the solution containing the solute

K = freezing point constant

m = molality of the solution

i= Van't Hoff factor

If we look at all the options provided, KI has only two particles in the solution and a molality of 1.0 m hence it should exhibit the lowest freezing point of the solution.

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Answer:

C. size; direction

Explanation:

By definition, a machine is referred to any device that makes work easier. It takes force to do work, hence, work refers to the application of force over a particular distance. A machine aims at making the work easy by changing how it is done. Simple machines, which include: levers, pulleys, inclined planes etc. all carry out the same thing, which is to make work easier, by changing the size/magnitude and direction of the applied force.

A simple machine tends to change the size of the inputted force by increasing it over a shorter distance. The machine increases the force applied better than it can be done manually e.g. a plier and nutcracker increases/changes the applied force better than it can be done with bare hands.

Also, a simple machine can achieve making work easier by changing the direction at which the force is applied. The machine applies the force on the object in an opposite direction or contrary to the way it was manually applied.

Answer:

your answer is 8000 ppm

A compound that binds to a receptor but does not activate the neuron is known as an Antagonist.

A receptor is a large protein molecule on a neuron that gets activated when a ligand binds to it such as a drug or hormone, or when electrical impulses pass through it.

An antagonist is a drug or hormone that binds to receptor, but instead of activating the receptor, it blocks or dampens the activation of the neuron. Antagonist drugs are used to interfere with the normal function or operation of a protein receptor.

Depending on the nature of the antagonist or the receptor it's bound to, the effects of antagonists may be permanent or temporary.

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The presence of KCl in water is not inherently problematic, but it can cause issues depending on the specific circumstances and the intended use of the water.

Theoretically, there shouldn't be anything inherently "wrong" with potassium chloride (KCl) in water. KCl is a common salt that is soluble in water, meaning it dissolves in water to form a clear, homogeneous solution. The solubility of KCl in water depends on various factors such as temperature, pressure, and the presence of other dissolved substances. However, in certain specific circumstances, the presence of KCl in water can lead to issues.

For example, if the concentration of KCl in water is too high, it can cause the water to become saturated and can lead to the precipitation of solid KCl. This can cause scaling and deposit buildup on surfaces and equipment, leading to operational problems in industrial processes. The dissolution of KCl in water is a simple chemical process that results in the formation of a clear, homogeneous solution.

The reaction is not spontaneous and does not produce an explosion and can be safely carried out under normal conditions. It's important to note that while some chemical reactions can be exothermic and release heat, the dissolution of KCl in water is not one of them.

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Answer:

4. 60 neutrons.

Explanation:

The given isotopes;

         ¹⁰⁶₄₆Pd

In this isotope, we can deduce that the mass number is the superscript and the atomic number is the subscript;

     Mass number  = 106

     Atomic number  = 46

Mass number is the number of protons and neutrons in an atom;

       Mass number = Protons + neutrons

Atomic number is the number of protons

So,  Number of protons  = 46

Number of neutrons  = Mass number  - Atomic number

                                    = 106  - 46

                                     = 60

Number of neutrons  = 60

These orbital configurations represent the arrangement of electrons within the different energy levels and subshells of the respective elements.

The orbital configurations of the given elements are as follows:

Helium: 1s² - Helium has two electrons that occupy the 1s orbital.

Nitrogen: 1s² 2s² 2p³ - Nitrogen has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, and three electrons in the 2p orbital (specifically, 2p³ indicates three electrons in the 2p subshell).

Silicon: 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p² - Silicon has two electrons in the 1s orbital, two electrons in the 2s orbital, six electrons in the 2p orbital, two electrons in the 3s orbital, and two electrons in the 3p orbital (specifically, 3p² indicates two electrons in the 3p subshell).

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A prosthetic group is a non-protein molecule that is tightly bound to a protein and is essential for its biological activity. Out of the given options, FAD and NAD are most likely to be found as prosthetic groups.

FAD, or flavin adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme that is involved in redox reactions, and is often tightly bound to enzymes involved in these reactions. Similarly, NAD, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, is a coenzyme involved in redox reactions and is commonly found as a prosthetic group in enzymes such as dehydrogenases. Glucose and ATP are not likely to be found as prosthetic groups as they are not tightly bound to proteins, but rather serve as substrates or energy sources for various enzymatic reactions.

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Answer:

collide less often and with less force