during crossing over in meiosis i: a. homologous chromosomes are not altered. b. homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material. c. genetic information is lost. d. chromosomal damage occurs.

Answer:

Se explanation

Explanation:

Mechanical waves are waves that require a material medium for propagation e.g sound waves and waves on a spiral spring.

Electromagnetic waves do not require a material medium for propagation. They can travel through space.

The light and heat of the sun are far away in outer space yet they reach us on earth. There is no intervening medium between the earth and the sun that conducts its rays to the earth. As a result of this, we can conclude that the rays from the sun are electromagnetic waves.

Percentage of solar radiation is filtered by clouds and may cause sunburn on cloudy days. 22 per cent of solar radiation is filtered by clouds and may cause sunburn on cloudy days.

The SCF estimates that up to 80% of the sun's UV radiation will taste clouds. This is the explanation for why people who have been outside without using sun protection frequently end up with severe sunburns on gloomy days.

The UV Index is directly correlated to the amount of radiation an individual will be exposed to at a given time of day and year. In periods of intense overcast, clouds can block up to 70–90% of these UV–B rays.

Learn more about solar radiation   https://brainly.com/question/16525532

#SPJ9

Answer:

1. mitochondrion to an ATP through cellular respiration

2. ATP to unseable cell energy

3. glucose to monosaccharide used at the beginning big cellular respiration

4. aerobic to reaction that needs oxygen

5. anaerobic to action that does not need oxygen

Answer:

How can carbon become trapped for a long time?

When the animals die, they decompose, and their remains become sediment, trapping the stored carbon in layers that eventually turn into rock or minerals. Some of this sediment might form fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, or natural gas, which release carbon back into the atmosphere when the fuel is burned

Explanation:

hope this helps

Answer:

a. 81/256.

b. 9/256.

b. 9 / 256.

Explanation:

The given traits in the question follow the Mendelian character. The cross between the body color where B is responsible for black color and b is responsible for brown color is as follows: Bb × Bb results in the 3/4 black color ( BB, Bb, Bb) and 1/4 brown color progeny (bb). The cross between the poisonous and nonpoisonous trait where D is responsible for poisonous trait and d is responsible for nonpoisonous is as follows: Dd × Dd results in the 3/4 poisonous trait  (DD, Dd, Dd) and 1/4 nonpoisonous (dd). The cross between the eye color where E is responsible for black color and e is responsible for red color is as follows: Ee × Ee results in the 3/4 black color ( EE, Ee, Ee) and 1/4 red color progeny (ee). The cross between the hair trait where H is responsible for hairy and h is responsible for hairless is as follows: Hh × Hh results in the 3/4 hairy (HH, Hh, Hh) and 1/4 hairless (hh).

a. The cross between BbDdEeHh spider with a BbDdEeHh spider results in the 3/4black body, 3/4 black eyes, 3/4, hairy, and 3/4 poisonous progeny. Their probability is 3/4× 3/4× 3/4× 3/4 = 81/ 256.

b. The cross between BbDdEeHh spider with a BbDdEeHh spider results in the  3/4black body, 3/4 black eyes 1/4 hairless, and 1/4 nonpoisonous progeny. Their probability is  3/4× 3/4×1/4 3/4×1/4 = 9/256.

Thus, the answer is a. 81/256.

Biology population studies are crucial for understanding the dynamics of populations in their natural environments.

Consisting of convenience, cluster, random, systematic, and stratified sampling methods. It's like pulling names out of a hat after everyone has put their names in it. Each element has an equal chance of showing up in the population.

By using sampling, researchers can draw conclusions about a population based on data from a sample of that group without than having to look at every single person.

To know more about population visit:-

https://brainly.com/question/9498943

#SPJ1

Answer:

Question 13:

B. False

The most abundant photoreceptors that detect dim light are Rods, not Cones. Rods are highly sensitive to low light conditions and are responsible for vision in dim light and peripheral vision. Cones, on the other hand, are responsible for color vision and high visual acuity but are less sensitive to low light conditions.

Question 14:

A. True

The iris is the muscular tissue in the eye that adjusts the size of the pupil, controlling the amount of light entering the eye. It contracts or expands to regulate the size of the pupil in response to changing light conditions.

Question 15:

B. False

Opsins are visual pigments found in photoreceptor cells, specifically in the retina of the eye. They are responsible for capturing light and initiating the process of vision. Opsins are not derived from Vitamin D. Vitamin D is a separate compound involved in various physiological processes in the body, including calcium absorption and bone health.

Explanation:

Axonomic proposals are made: emendations of the descriptions of X. citri, X. phaseoli and X. axonopodis, to encompass the strains of PG I, PG III and PG IV, respectively; and reclassification of X. perforans and X. alfalfae as X. euvesicatoria and emendation of the description of X. euvesicatoria to encompass all strains of PG II.

Strains:

Learn more about strains here brainly.com/question/7670239

#SPJ4

Explanation:

Large amounts of heat are needed to evaporate water, because H-bonds need to be broken. Sweating is an example of using water as d coolant. As the sweat evaporates it pulls heat away from the body. Application 'Water's thermal properties, its high specific heat, means that it can cool us.

Day length helps plants to regulate their internal clock

source: g00gle

Answer:

When the day length is fewer than 10 hours, most plants do not grow. Even if the temperature is kept within the ideal range — say, in a climate-controlled greenhouse — most plants will go dormant until the magical 10 hours of sunshine per day arrives.

Explanation:

Answer:

its A :)

Explanation:

The error in the note is to say that asking questions is not part of scientific inquiry. Option B

There is a lot of questioning involved in the scientific method. The scientific method is a systematic approach that scientists use to find solutions to problems and answer questions.

Scientists keep asking questions, refining their theories, and changing their experiments in order to better understand the natural world. Therefore, the scientific method relies heavily on asking questions since doing so helps researchers to formulate hypotheses and design experiments that will evaluate their theories.

Learn more about scientific method:https://brainly.com/question/7508826

#SPJ1

RR is hom--ogenous red

Rr is heter---ogenous red

R is dominant

r is recessive

A Punnett square is a graphical representation used in genetics to predict the probability of an offspring having a particular genotype (genetic makeup) based on the genotypes of the parents. The Punnett square is named after Reginald Punnett, the British geneticist who first described it.

The Punnett square is a simple and effective way to visualize the possible outcomes of a genetic cross between two individuals, where the columns represent one parent and the rows represent the other parent. The cells of the Punnett square contain the possible offspring genotypes that result from the combination of alleles (versions of a gene) from each parent.

Learn more about Punnett square:https://brainly.com/question/27984422

#SPJ1

Answer:

NaHCO3 is an inorganic compound.

Explanation:

Based on the generally accepted definition of organic and inorganic compounds, I would classify NaHCO3 as an inorganic compound. This is because organic compounds are defined as compounds that contain carbon atoms, whereas inorganic compounds are compounds that do not contain carbon atoms.

In the case of NaHCO3, while it does contain carbon atoms, it is not typically considered an organic compound due to its inorganic properties and behavior. It is an ionic compound that does not exhibit the characteristic properties of organic compounds such as covalent bonding, low melting point, and low boiling point. Additionally, it is commonly found and studied within inorganic chemistry, rather than organic chemistry.

Further Information on NaHCO3 :
https://brainly.com/question/15296156

Answer:

ereee

Explanation:

weqwe

Bacteria and archaea both have flagella, slender, whiplike appendages that enable them to move. Bacteria use flagella for propulsion, while archaea use them mainly for sensing and adhesion.

Characteristic: Flagella

Flagella are an important feature of both bacteria and archaea, allowing them to move and sense their environments.

Flagella are composed of protein filaments and require energy for movement; in bacteria, this energy is supplied by a proton-motive force, while in archaea, it is supplied by a sodium-motive force.

Learn more about Flagella: https://brainly.com/question/2759184

#SPJ4

Robert Rescorla proposed that the cognitive process of contingency awareness occurred between a conditioned stimulus (CS) and a conditioned response (CR).

This process involves the organism's ability to perceive and understand the relationship between the two stimuli, allowing it to predict the occurrence of the conditioned response based on the presence of the conditioned stimulus. This awareness plays a crucial role in classical conditioning, as it influences the strength and effectiveness of the learned association between the stimuli. Rescorla's research highlighted the significance of cognitive factors in conditioning, challenging previous theories that solely emphasized the importance of stimulus contiguity.

learn more about Robert Rescorla here:

https://brainly.com/question/15182418

#SPJ11

Answer:

a swimmer pushing off a wall, helicopters creating lift by pushing air down, and an octopus propelling itself forward by ejecting water from its body.

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) are two neurotoxins that cause paralysis. The underlying mechanisms are given below:a) Both block the voltage-gated Na+ channels to inhibit the firing of action potentials.

Both tetrodotoxin (TTX) and botulinum toxin (BTX) block voltage-gated Na+ channels to inhibit the firing of action potentials, which results in paralysis. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin that is found in pufferfish, whereas botulinum toxin (BTX) is produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum.

Both neurotoxins inhibit the release of neuro transmitters from nerve endings in muscles. TTX inhibits the release of acetylcholine (ACh) by blocking voltage-gated Na+ channels in the axons of nerve cells that supply the muscles. Botulinum toxin (BTX) prevents the release of ACh from nerve endings by blocking the docking of vesicles containing ACh with the plasma membrane of the nerve ending. As a result, muscle contraction is prevented, leading to paralysis.

To know more about neurotoxins visit:

https://brainly.com/question/13050036

#SPJ11

Answer:

To study them.

Explanation:

They take ash and lava to study the chemicals and stuff that makes it up.

Initially, there were 700 bacteria in the culture.

Let's work backward from the known information. After 12 hours, the number of bacteria reached 5600. We can determine the initial number of bacteria by figuring out how many times the population doubled in that time.

Since the population doubles every 4 hours, there would have been three doubling periods in 12 hours (12 divided by 4). Therefore, the initial number of bacteria would be the final number (5600) divided by 2 raised to the power of 3 (2^3).

Mathematically, it can be calculated as follows:

Initial number of bacteria = Final number of bacteria / (2^number of doubling periods)

Initial number of bacteria = 5600 / (2^3)

Initial number of bacteria = 5600 / 8

Initial number of bacteria = 700

Learn more about population here:

https://brainly.com/question/15889243

#SPJ11

The bones that are cylindrical in shape are called  Long Bones.

What are Long Bones?

Long bones are tough, dense bones that offer stability, movement, and strength. The femur, or thigh bone, is a long bone. A long bone has two ends and a shaft. Despite their small lengths, some of the fingers' bones are categorised as long bones. Not the size of the bones, but their shape is to blame for this. They are made up of a long shaft and two large extremities. Although they may have a significant quantity of spongy bone at the ends or extremities, they are largely made of compact bone. Leg, arm, and forearm bones are examples of long bones.

To learn more about Long Bones, here

https://brainly.com/question/6197163

#SPJ4

The circulatory route that is not possible from the heart is: Heart arteries arterial anastomosis capillary bed venous anastomosis veins heart.

The circulatory system is a complex network of blood vessels that transports blood throughout the body. It consists of arteries, veins, and capillaries. Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart, while veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels where the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products occurs.

In the provided options, all the routes mentioned involve the heart, arteries, capillary beds, and veins. However, the route "Heart arteries arterial anastomosis capillary bed venous anastomosis veins heart" is not a possible circulatory route. Arterial anastomosis refers to the connection or branching of arteries, while venous anastomosis refers to the connection or merging of veins. In a circulatory route, blood flows from arteries to capillaries, then to veins, and back to the heart. The inclusion of "venous anastomosis" between the capillary bed and veins in the mentioned route is not a valid configuration within the circulatory system.

To learn more about circulatory system click here: brainly.com/question/29259710

#SPJ11

Answer:

Each daughter cell will have 46 chromosomes.

Explanation:

Because a chromosome becomes 2 chromosomes when split into two, the parent cell is still giving ech daughter cell thge same amopunt of choromsomes as it has.

Cytotoxic T-cells are responsible for seeking out and destroying abnormal or infected cells.

T cells, also called T lymphocytes, are a type of white blood cell (white blood cell) that is an important part of the immune system.

T cells are one of the two main types of lymphocytes (B cells are her second type that determine the specificity of the immune response to antigens [foreign substances] in the body).

When T cells encounter recognizable APCs, naive cells receive the signal to mature. There are three types of signals: TCR, BCR, and cytokine signals. When a cell receives all three signals, it matures into an effector cell. When a cell receives only one of the signals (TCR or BCR), it becomes unusable.

Cytotoxic T cells, also known as CD8+ cells, have the primary job of killing toxic/target cells. Once detected, their purpose is to eliminate virus-infected cells, bacteria, and tumour fragments (such as cancer cells) through a process called apoptosis.

Apoptosis occurs when a cell's internal organelles are destroyed, causing the cell to die from the inside.

Learn more about Cytotoxic T-cells here : https://brainly.com/question/9292555

#SPJ4

Photosynthesis is the method through which green plants synthesize organic food using carbon dioxide and water in the presence of sunlight.

It can be classified into two main steps: the light-dependent reaction and the light-independent reaction.

During the light-dependent reaction, the chlorophyll pigments in the thylakoid membranes absorb sunlight energy, which is then utilized to break down water molecules to form ATP and NADPH. The oxygen produced during this process is released into the atmosphere.The light-independent reaction is also known as the Calvin Cycle. During this process, carbon dioxide is combined with a five-carbon molecule, ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP), in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme RuBisCO. The resulting six-carbon compound quickly splits into two three-carbon compounds called 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA). These compounds are then used to create organic molecules like glucose through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. During this process, ATP and NADPH produced during the light-dependent reaction are used to fuel the reactions. The cycle is completed when the three-carbon molecules are converted back to RuBP using energy from ATP and NADPH.

In conclusion, during the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is transferred into organic substances by being combined with RuBP to form 3-PGA, which is then converted into organic molecules like glucose through a series of enzyme-catalyzed reactions.

Learn more about Photosynthesis

https://brainly.com/question/19160081

#SPJ11

Interphase generally have the largest number of active cells.

Cells in an organism use to divide when only organism needs to replace damaged cells or when the organism is actively growing. In G1 phase, the cell grows physically and increases the volume of both protein and organelles. In S phase, the cell copies its DNA in order to produce two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes.

The final phase  is G2 phase that involves further cell growth and here the  organization of cellular contents takes place .G2 phase is also a period of rapid cell growth and protein synthesis during which the cell prepares itself for mitosis.

To learn more about Interphase  , here

brainly.com/question/20223797

#SPJ4