different enzymes are required for the catabolism of various biomolecules. humans cannot break down complex polysaccharides such as plant fiber, even though they contribute to our caloric intake. this is possible because the plant fiber question 23 options: a) does not actually contribute to caloric intake but secreted substrates from their microbial fermentation does. b) can be directly taken up by gut epithelial cells. c) spontaneously breaks down after enough time in the gut. d) can be broken down by symbiotic bacteria in the gut microbiome, which contributes to our intake. e) is associated with other molecules that normally would not be consumed but can be broken down.
Answers
Different enzymes are required for the catabolism of various biomolecules. humans cannot break down complex polysaccharides such as plant fiber d) can be broken down by symbiotic bacteria in the gut microbiome, which contributes to our intake.
Different enzymes are essential for the catabolism of various biomolecules, enabling the breakdown of substances into smaller components to be utilized by the body. These symbiotic bacteria possess enzymes capable of breaking down complex polysaccharides that humans cannot digest.
When the bacteria break down these fibers, they release short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and other by-products. This process demonstrates the importance of the gut microbiome in aiding digestion and overall health. However, the gut microbiome, consisting of symbiotic bacteria, can break them down into components that contribute to our caloric intake. The correct answer is d.
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Related Questions
substrate level phosphorylation occurs within a metabolic pathway where sufficient energy is released by a given chemical reaction to drive the synthesis of atp from adp and phosphate. substrate level phosphorylation is seen in which metabolic pathway(s)?
Answers
Substrate level phosphorylation is seen in both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle.
What is Phosphorylation?
Phosphorylation is a biochemical process in which a phosphate group is added to a molecule, usually a protein or other organic molecule. This process is important in many cellular processes, such as cell signaling, metabolism, and gene expression. Phosphorylation typically occurs when a protein is activated or deactivated by a specific chemical signal, such as a hormone.
What is the Krebs cycle?
The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that takes place in the mitochondria of cells. It is the central metabolic pathway of cellular respiration, where energy from carbohydrates, fats, and proteins is converted into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules, the primary energy source of the cell. The Krebs cycle involves the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to carbon dioxide and the reduction of NAD+ to NADH.
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What species of turtle is this found him in my front yard, I live in Florida near Orlando if that helps
Answers
Answer:
Box Turtle
Explanation:
Answer:Florida soft shell turtle with the specie name Apalone ferox.
Explanation:
What hormone is synthesized from molecules of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the pineal gland?
Answers
Melatonin hormone is synthesized from molecules of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the pineal gland.
Melatonin is produced from Serotonin which is itself produced by Tryptophan through a series of linked enzymatic reactions.
Melatonin is a hormone produced in response to darkness by the Pineal gland. It helps to maintain the Circadian Rhythm of the body and the Sleep wake cycle.
It plays an important role in regulating the menstrual cycle in females and in integrating the photo periods as well.
It is secreted mainly at the night time.
It is also called as the hormone of Darkness.
Serotonin, on the other hand, is a neurotransmitter (chemical) that carries messages between the nerve in the brain and co-relating them throughout the body.
It plays vital role in sleep, digestion and sexual desire.
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Cell theory states that all living things contain one or more cells. Why do you think cell theory meets the definition of
a scientific theory? Do you think it should be a scientific law?
Answers
Answer:
Cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory because it can be proven, it has been tested for a long period of time and therefore there are many evidences that support the theory but not enough to become a law. Well scientific laws are statements based on repeated experiments or observation, but also, a law is something that always applies under the same conditions. Evolution occurs in the characteristics of living things within a species overtime. . A theory is much more complex: it explains why something happens. A law only describes what happens.
The cell theory meets the definition of a scientific theory but i do not think it should be a scientific law.
Explanation:
A researcher investigated a blood disease carried by birds she isolated an organism from the blood of an infected bird she finds that the organism is unicellular and has a nucleus a cell wall and the ability to produce spores what kingdom does the organism belong to
Answers
The researcher who conducted an investigation on a blood disease carried by birds found out that the organism is unicellular and has a nucleus, cell wall, and the ability to produce spores. Based on this information, the organism belongs to the Kingdom Fungi.
The kingdom Fungi consists of unicellular and multicellular organisms that lack chlorophyll and reproduce asexually and sexually by forming spores. They are heterotrophic organisms, which means they depend on other organisms for their food. Fungi cells have a cell wall made up of chitin, which provides strength and rigidity to the cell wall. The cytoplasm of the fungal cells contains many specialized organelles, including nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and Golgi bodies that carry out various metabolic activities.
The researcher's findings suggest that the organism is a unicellular fungus with a nucleus, cell wall, and the ability to produce spores. Spores play a crucial role in the fungal life cycle, as they allow the organism to reproduce and spread to new habitats. These spores can be transported by wind, water, or other organisms to colonize new areas.
In conclusion, based on the researcher's investigation, the organism she isolated from the blood of an infected bird belongs to the Kingdom Fungi.
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Suppose the brown allele for eye color (B) is completely dominant over the blue
allele for eye color (b). If two brown-eyed parents produce a child that is blue-
eyed, what FRACTION is the probability that the next child will have blue eyes?
Answers
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
its a chance but not likely
because its not dominant
If mendel had examined only one trait, do you think he would have developed the law of segregation? Explain.
Answers
Gregor Mendel conducted experiments on pea plants that led him to develop the principles of heredity. If Mendel had only examined one trait, he may not have developed the law of segregation.
According to the law of segregation, two alleles in a gene pair separate during meiosis and go to different gametes. The resulting offspring get a random combination of alleles from their parents. Mendel studied seven traits of pea plants, including seed color, seed shape, flower color, flower position, pod color, pod shape, and stem length. By analyzing the data from his experiments on all these traits, he developed three basic laws of inheritance: the law of segregation, the law of independent assortment, and the law of dominance.
Each law that Mendel developed was based on the results of his observations on multiple traits of pea plants. If he had only studied one trait, he may not have made the same observations that led him to develop these laws. So, it is unlikely that Mendel would have developed the law of segregation if he had only examined one trait.
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In a marine ecosystem, producers __________. a. synthesize food from components of the abiotic environment b. eat consumers c. extract their energy from the water d. never decompose e. are an important source of carbon dioxide
Answers
Answer:
a. Synthesize food from components of the abiotic environment
Explanation:
Producers are organisms which typically obtain energy via the sun, an abiotic factor, so b. is incorrect (those that eat other consumers are called consumers). This suggests that producers are plants, which don’t produce carbon dioxide (e. is incorrect), can decompose (virtually all things that die can decompose so d. is incorrect), and don’t extract energy from water (yes, photosynthesis requires water, but it is not the sole substance use to generate energy for plants; thus, c. is incorrect).
Answer: a. option is correct synthesize food from components of the abiotic environment
Explanation: Marine ecosystem are the type of ecosystem exists in water. it has high levels of dissolved salt also covers most of the area on earth.
Producers in an ecosystem means the organisms which can make their own food. In marine ecosystem, some of the examples of producers are Red algae, Green algae, Daitoms etc. Producers performs a process in which they make their food and gain energy from the abiotic environment.
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what characteristic of short tandem repeats (strs) dna makes it useful for dna fingerprinting? what characteristic of short tandem repeats (strs) dna makes it useful for dna fingerprinting? the sequence variation is acted upon differently by natural selection in different environments. the sequence of dna is not repeated. everyone has not inherited short tandem repeats. the number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal.
Answers
The characteristic of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA that makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting is that the number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal. This means that each individual's STR profile is unique, making it a reliable tool for identification.
Additionally, STRs are highly polymorphic, meaning that they exhibit a high level of genetic diversity within a population. This makes them more informative for forensic purposes compared to other types of DNA markers.
The characteristic of short tandem repeats (STRs) DNA that makes it useful for DNA fingerprinting is the number of repeats varies widely from person to person or animal to animal. This high variability in STR sequences allows for a unique identification pattern, making it an effective tool for forensic analysis and paternity testing.
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Which pathway supplies materials to lysosomes and is used to degrade obsolete parts of the cell? A. Endocytosis. B. Phagocytosis. C. Autophagy. D. Apoptosis
Answers
The pathway that supplies materials to lysosomes and is used to degrade obsolete parts of the cell is known as C) autophagy.
Autophagy is a process by which the cell's own components are recycled and degraded. It involves the formation of a double-membrane structure called an autophagosome, which engulfs the targeted material and fuses with a lysosome, allowing the contents to be degraded by hydrolytic enzymes.
This process is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis, as it allows the cell to break down and remove damaged or unwanted cellular components, including proteins, organelles, and even entire cells. Autophagy plays a crucial role in various physiological processes, including development, differentiation, and immunity. Dysregulation of autophagy has been implicated in several human diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, and metabolic disorders.
Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of autophagy and its regulation is essential for developing therapies to treat these diseases.
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Eye color is controlled by one gene. There are two alleles for this gene:
Brown (B) and blue (b). The brown allele is dominant and blue allele is
recessive, however the brown allele is incompletely dominant over the
blue. A heterozygous individual has green eyes. What offspring could be
produced if two green eyed individuals mate?
Answers
Answer:
There are 16 possible genotypes and phenotypes that are listed in the punnett square. The ratio of phenotype is -
Brown : green : blue :: 12:3:1
Explanation:
plato
which statement best differentiaates between weather and climate
Answers
Answer:
Weather refers to short-term atmospheric fluctuations, whereas climate explains the weather in a certain place over a long period of time.
Explanation:
Globally, weather conditions are measured at hundreds of locations every day of the year by observers and automated stations. Some remarks are made every hour, others perhaps once a day. In the long run, these weather observations allow us to quantify average long-term conditions, giving an insight into the climate of the region.
Systemic weather records have been recorded for over 140 years in various places in the United States. We can recognize patterns and trends with these long-term records. And it's our mission to collect, monitor, and arrange these data, as the official repository of the Nation for environmental data, for scientists, decision-makers, and you online.
Explain how bacteria are both helpful and harmful to our bodies.
Requirements: A paragraph with enough details.
Prize: 10 Points and Brainliest for best (& original) answer!
Answers
Sample Response:
Bacteria are helpful because they produce oxygen, which our bodies need to breathe, and they help us to digest the food we eat. Bacteria are also helpful because they are used in medicine to help us overcome disease. Bacteria are harmful because they can cause tooth decay and illnesses that can be either common or quite serious.
This is a sample response, so it's 100% correct. Peace!
Hello! Here is your answer: Bacteria can be good, because they help produce oxygen, decompose waste, and help in medicine. They also help us digest food and live. Some other bacteria are harmful, because they can cause harmful diseases.
Hopefully, this helps!
Ask your question below!
Since most forms of inherited color vision deficiency are recessive, postulate why color vision deficiencies would
not have been reduced to the point of disappearance. Specifically, in what ways could color vision deficiencies be
evolutionarily advantageous when compared to a population in which all people perceive the same colors?
Answers
Inherited color vision deficiencies are recessive. If both the parents are carriers of color vision deficiency genes, their child will inherit the trait. The carriers of these genes can perceive colors; however, they lack certain photopigments in their retina.
Due to the following reasons, color vision deficiencies would not have disappeared:
Color vision deficiencies are not life-threatening traits. Thus, they do not undergo natural selection. Color vision deficiencies occur with a low frequency (less than 8% of males have some form of color vision deficiency). Therefore, the carriers of these genes are not at a disadvantage from those who do not carry these genes. In some cases, color vision deficiencies could have an evolutionary advantage.
According to the hunter-gatherer hypothesis, individuals with red-green color vision deficiency were better able to detect prey in natural environments. Therefore, red-green color vision deficiency could be an evolutionary advantage compared to the population where all people perceive the same colors. It could be because the hunter-gatherer's deficiency can see through camouflage that may have been perfect for others with normal eyesight.
The carriers of color vision deficiency genes can see better through some color arrangements compared to people with normal vision. For instance, pilots with color vision deficiencies can see aircraft better than those with normal vision. Therefore, color vision deficiencies could be evolutionary advantageous when compared to a population in which all people perceive the same colors.
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What are Examples of real life cell membraine
Answers
Answer:
brain to human
Explanation:
hope this helps
site of collecting ducts and loop of henle function
Answers
Henle's loop is a long, U-shaped section of the kidney's nephron tubule found in mammals, birds, and reptiles. The recovery of water and sodium chloride from urine is the loop of Henle's main purpose.
This process enables the creation of urine, which is much more concentrated than blood and reduces the amount of water that must be consumed to survive. Henle loops are extremely effective in many species that live in dry habitats like deserts. The thin descending limb, thin ascending limb, and thick ascending limb are the three primary anatomical segments that make up the loop of Henle (sometimes also called the diluting segment).
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Hormone signaling via the posterior pituitary involves hypothalamic neurons with axons that terminate in the ______, while hormone signaling via the anterior pituitary involves hypothalamic neurons with axons that terminate in the ______.
Answers
Hormone signaling via the posterior pituitary involves hypothalamic neurons with axons that terminate in the neurohypophysis, while hormone signaling via the anterior pituitary involves hypothalamic neurons with axons that terminate in the median eminence.
Hormone signaling via the posterior and anterior pituitary glands is controlled by the hypothalamus in the brain.
The hypothalamus releases regulatory hormones that stimulate or inhibit the release of hormones from the pituitary glands, which in turn regulate various physiological processes in the body.
The posterior pituitary gland is a direct extension of the hypothalamus, and it receives input from neurons that originate in the hypothalamus and terminate in the posterior pituitary.
These neurons synthesize and secrete hormones such as oxytocin and vasopressin, which are then released directly into the bloodstream from the posterior pituitary.
In contrast, the anterior pituitary gland is not a direct extension of the hypothalamus. Instead, the hypothalamus communicates with the anterior pituitary via a complex network of blood vessels known as the hypothalamic-pituitary portal system.
Hypothalamic neurons release regulatory hormones into this system, which then travel to the anterior pituitary to stimulate or inhibit the release of various hormones, including growth hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, among others.
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Both asexual and sexual reproduction have advantages for species? Which of the following is an advantage of sexual reproduction?
It does not require organisms to use energy to find a mate
It results in genetic variation in the species
It allows a large number of identical organisms to be rapidly produced
It increases the number of chromosomes in each generation
Answers
Answer:
It results in genetic variation in the species
the nontemplate strand of a portion of a gene reads 5′-ttcactggttca’3. what is the sequence of the resulting transcript for this portion?
Answers
The resulting transcript sequence for the given nontemplate strand of the gene would be 5'-UUCACTGGTTCA-3'.
During transcription, the DNA sequence is transcribed into RNA, and the nontemplate strand serves as a template for synthesizing the RNA molecule. However, RNA is synthesized using RNA nucleotides that are complementary to the DNA nucleotides on the nontemplate strand.
In the given sequence, the DNA nucleotides are represented by their complementary RNA nucleotides: adenine (A) pairs with uracil (U), cytosine (C) pairs with guanine (G), guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C), and thymine (T) is replaced by adenine (A) in RNA. Therefore, the resulting transcript sequence for the given nontemplate strand is 5'-UUCACTGGTTCA-3'.
This transcript can then undergo further processing, such as splicing and translation, to produce a functional protein based on the information encoded in the gene.
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Explain the difference between intra-species and inter-species competition.
Answers
Answer:
Intraspecific competition is when organisms within the same species compete for resources. Interspecific competition is when competition for resources happens between different species of organisms.
What are three ways energy is used by the organisms?
Answers
Answer:
Organisms use energy to survive, grow, respond to stimuli, reproduce
Explanation:
Three ways energy is used by the organism are food, nutrients, and sunlight.
What are living organisms?Living organisms are those organisms that grow, adapt, and reproduce their young ones. Organisms need energy for their biological purposes. Organisms get energy from plants and other animals. This energy is used in the form of glucose.
Cellular functions require energy, which living things must obtain from food, nutrition, or sunshine. Energy is used in a cell for the transport, synthesis, and breakdown of nutrients and molecules.
Glucose and ATP are the two types of molecules that organisms primarily use for chemical energy. In the entire biological universe, both molecules are used as fuel.
Therefore, the energy is used by the organisms in three ways that are food, nutrients, and sunlight.
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a virtual function is a member function that expects to be _ in a derived class.
Answers
A member function that anticipates being overridden in a derived class is a virtual function.
Every time a user refers to the base class from a derived class, the function in the derived class will be used instead of the function in the base class. Every time a user points to an object in a derived class from the base class, the function from the derived class will be used instead of being redefined or overridden by the virtual function from the base class.
Derived classes can access every non-private member of a base class. Therefore, any base-class members that shouldn't be accessible to member functions of derived classes should be defined as private in the base class. A derived class can only have one direct base class. But the concept of inheritance is transitive.
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can somebody please help
Answers
Answer: There is a 100% chance of a heterozygous offspring, or an offspring with the allele Pp
Explanation: This percentage is calculated by looking at the total number of Pp divided over the number of possiblities. In this case there are 4 Pp, divided by 4 possible variations from the two parent alleles, making it a 4/4 or 1/1 orrr 100% chance of getting a Pp, or heterozygous offspring.
Small, prolific mussels called zebra mussels were first introduced into the Great Lakes by a foreign cargo ship. They became a serious problem because they attached themselves to smooth, hard surfaces, and often clogged water intake pipes. Congress determined that zebra mussels posed a great threat to the economic welfare of the Great Lakes region and passed a statute requiring all Great Lakes water intakes to be coated with a special chemical compound that repels zebra mussels. Studies by biologists at a major state university showed that while the special chemical compound that the federal government has required was effective, it also was toxic to other aquatic life. The biologists recommended that Great Lakes intake pipes be coated with a less toxic and less expensive copper-based paint. On the basis of those studies and the recommendation, three Great Lakes states adopted laws permitting municipal water districts to coat their intake pipes with copper paint.
Can municipalities using copper-based paint on their intake pipes successfully be prosecuted for violating the federal law?
A. No, because the Tenth Amendment prevents Congress from interfering with integral government functions.
B. No, because the municipalities are taking effective steps to combat zebra mussels in compliance with the spirit and purpose of the federal law.
C. Yes, because Congress is in a better position to regulate the entire Great Lakes region than the individual states.
D. Yes, because Congress may adopt laws regulating navigable waters.
Answers
Answer: Yes, because Congress may adopt laws regulating navigable waters.
Explanation:
It should be noted that municipalities using copper-based paint on their intake pipes can successfully be prosecuted for violating the federal law because Congress may adopt laws regulating navigable waters.
Under the Supremacy Clause, when the action of either the state government or the local government conflicts with the federal laws which are deemed valid, then such cities can be prosecuted.
b. Suppose that the chemist does not find that the pH of the pond has changed
significantly since the time when large numbers of the fish were found in the
pond. After further research, the biologist discovers that the same fish species
has been dying in large numbers in other bodies of water because of an
infestation of a microscopic, parasitic protist. What type of expert should the
biologist seek, and why? (1 point)
Answers
The type of expert the biologist should seek is a protistologist.
Parasitic protists are microscopic eukaryotic unicellular organisms that belongs to the kingdom protista. They are capable of causing a harmful effect on any host (for example, fish) it invades.
Examples of parasitic protists include:
PlasmodiumGiardia TrypanosomaProtistologist are those experts in the field of sciences that studies these protists and the harmful effects they can cause to a host (fish).
The biologist having discovered that the same fish species has been dying in large numbers in other bodies of water because of an infestation of a parasitic protists, should seek the cousel of a Protistologist .
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an ammonia or putrid smell in the urine can be caused by which of the following
Answers
An ammonia or putrid smell in urine can be caused by a variety of factors. One possible cause is dehydration, which can lead to concentrated urine with a stronger odor.
Another potential cause is a urinary tract infection (UTI), which can result in a foul odor due to the presence of bacteria.
Additionally, certain foods and medications can affect the smell of urine. For example, consuming asparagus can cause a distinctive odor.
In some cases, an ammonia-like smell in urine could be a sign of a metabolic disorder, such as phenylketonuria (PKU).
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PLSSSS HELP IF YOU TRULY KNOW THISSS
Answers
Answer: A) climate
Explanation: The climate in an area describes the typical weather year-to-year.
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5. The finches Darwin discovered on the Galapagos Islands are examples of how
environmental change and isolation can affect a species.
True
False
Answers
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The finches Darwin discovered are genetically different from other finches of the same species because of differences in habitat climate and the habitat itself.
Are protein molecules on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron that will interact only with specific neurotransmitters?
Answers
Reuptake is the release of a chemical into the synaptic gap, the process by which neurotransmitters are drawn back into the synaptic vesicles, the dissolution of neurotransmitters in the synaptic vesicles, and the interaction of a protein molecule on the dendrite or cell body of a neuron with only certain neurotransmitters.
A reabsorption is a reuptake.
Proteins or glycoproteins that bind signaling molecules known as first messengers, or ligands, are known as receptors. These are distinct-looking protein molecules that only interact with particular neurotransmitters and are found on the surface of dendrites and cell bodies.
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A large, old tree deep in the forest was knocked down in a windstorm. as it fell, it pushed four other somewhat smaller trees down with it, opening up quite a large patch of sunlight in an area that had been shady for many decades. what is most likely to happen in the sunny patch in terms of plant growth? no plants will be able to grow in it until neighboring trees shade it more. seeds of sun-loving plants will germinate and grow in it. primary succession will start with very small plants or lichens. shade-loving plants will grow in it, since it is in the forest.
Answers
Seeds of sun-loving plants will germinate and grow in it.
Gap dynamics in forestsForests generally have different layers of trees. Thus, the ground layer of forests is usually barren or dominated by a few shade-tolerant plant species.
When gaps emerge in an otherwise close canopy either naturally or by other means, the dynamics of plant population on the ground layer change.
If the ground layer is barren before due to shade, propagules of sun-loving plant species will colonize and begin to germinate in the gaps. If the layer has some shade-tolerant herbs before, competition for space starts between the sun-loving and shade-tolerant species.
With time, the shade-tolerant species die off and are replaced by sun-loving plant species.
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Answer: Seeds of sun-loving plants will germinate and grow in it.
Explanation:
pretty simple
more sun= more sun
plants who need more sun will grow more
plants who need more shade wont do as well hence the name
primary sucession has nothing to do with this
no plants will grow isnt true cuz it literally says there is more sun and there is more space
just use process of elimination