Determine whether each of the following reactions is spontaneous.

AHsystem = -75.9 kJ, T = 273 K,
ASsystem = 138 JIK

Answer:

When an amine is added to a solution of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, the amine nitrogen atom is protonated to produce an ammonium salt. Ammonium salts of low molecular weight are soluble in water if the hydrocarbon portion of the amine is small.Ammonium cation is found in a variety of salts such as ammonium carbonate, ammonium chloride and ammonium nitrate. Most simple ammonium salts are very soluble in water. An exception is ammonium hexachloroplatinate, the formation of which was once used as a test for ammonium.

Answer:

a

Explanation:

It's a duh

Answer:

Now, to know the percent composition of Carbon and Oxygen .We will divide their weight with the total weight of CO2. % C = 12.01/44.01 = 0.2729= 27.29% (we will divide 0.2729 with 100 to take the percentage). So , % C in CO2 is 27.29% % O = 32.00/44.01 =0.7271 =72.71 %O in CO2. If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device.

Explanation:

Answer:

-Over time, the rates of the forward and reverse reactions equalize.

-Initially, the concentration of products is low, so the rate of the reverse reaction is also low.

Explanation:

A chemical reaction is said to be reversible when the reactants forms the products, which in turn reacts together again to give rise to the reactants. In a reversible reaction, the formation of products from reactants occurs simultaneously with the reformation of the reactants from the products. For example:

The reversible reaction: A + B ⇆ C + D means;

A + B → C + D and C + D → A + B

The rate at which both forward and reverse reactions are taking place in closed system may be initially different but with time, it gets equal to form an equilibrium reaction. However, at first, only the rate of the forward reaction proceeds because the concentration of the product is low. Hence, the rate of reaction of the reverse reaction (product to reactants) is low as well.

In the reversible reaction above, the rate of the reverse reaction (C + D → A + B) will turn out low initially because the concentration of the products (C and D) are low. With time, the rates of the forward and reverse reaction becomes equal to form an EQUILIBRIUM or STABLE reaction.

Answer:

B. Potassium

Explanation:

Potassium

Determine the water phase transition that is not appropriately matched: Melting - energy absorbed (should be energy released).

Melting - energy absorbed is the wrong answer in the options that are connected to the phases of water. In order to overcome the intermolecular interactions and transform the solid state of the material into a liquid, energy must be absorbed by the substance during melting. In contrast, energy is released when water vapour transforms into liquid in condensation as opposed to deposition, when it transforms into ice first. When solid ice transforms into water vapour in the process of sublimation, energy is absorbed, and as liquid water transforms into water vapour in the process of evaporation, energy is released.

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Answer:atomic weight

Explanation:

^ tap to see the full pic

Explanation:

you make use of the formulas

amount(mol) = number of particles ÷ 6.02 × 10^23

and

mass(g) = amount(mol) × molar mass

Ion-dipole interaction is responsible for dissolution of KCI in water and the reason is that the electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule containing a dipole.

How does KCL dissolve in water?

The hydration energy of K+Cl- is greater than the lattice energy of KCl. Water molecules surround K+ and Cl-, yet these ions are kept apart and dissolved in the water.

What is ionic dipole force?

An ion's electrostatic attraction to a neutral molecule with a dipole produces an attractive force known as the ion-dipole force.

What are the example of ion dipole force?

Ion-dipole forces are at work in solutions when an ionic chemical is dissolved into a polar solvent, for as in a solution of table salt (NaCl) in water.

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Part A: The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2Cr³⁺(aq) + 3Sn(s) → 2Cr(s) + 3Sn²⁺(aq) at 25 °C is approximately 1.3 × 10¹¹.

Part B: The equilibrium constant for the reaction O₂(g) + 2H₂O(l) + 2Sn²⁺(aq) → 4OH⁻(aq) + 2Sn⁴⁺(aq) at 25 °C is approximately 7.9 × 10³¹.

Part C: The equilibrium constant for the reaction 2Cr³⁺(aq) + 3Ni(s) → 2Cr(s) + 3Ni2+(aq) at 25 °C is approximately 6.6 × 10⁻²⁰.

Part A: The equilibrium constant, K, is determined by the concentrations of the products and reactants at equilibrium. Since all the substances in the reaction are solids except for the aqueous ions, their concentrations remain constant and are excluded from the equilibrium expression. Therefore, the equilibrium constant can be expressed as K = [Cr]²[Sn²⁺]³, where [Cr] and [Sn²⁺] represent the concentrations of Cr and Sn²⁺ ions, respectively. Given that the reaction involves ions, we can assume their concentrations to be 1 M (since they are not explicitly provided). Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression yields K = (1²)(1³) = 1. Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction at 25 °C is approximately 1.3 × 10¹¹.

Part B: Similar to Part A, the concentrations of water and solids remain constant, so they are excluded from the equilibrium expression. Thus, the equilibrium constant can be expressed as K = [OH⁻]⁴[Sn⁴⁺]², where [OH⁻] and [Sn⁴⁺] represent the concentrations of OH⁻ and Sn⁴⁺ ions, respectively. Assuming their concentrations to be 1 M (since they are not given), we substitute these values into the equilibrium expression to obtain K = (1⁴)(1²) = 1. Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction at 25 °C is approximately 7.9 × 10³¹.

Part C: Again, since Ni is a solid, its concentration remains constant and is excluded from the equilibrium expression. Therefore, the equilibrium constant can be expressed as K = [Cr]²[Ni²⁺]³, where [Cr] and [Ni²⁺] represent the concentrations of Cr and Ni²⁺ ions, respectively. Given that the reaction involves ions, we assume their concentrations to be 1 M (as they are not explicitly provided). Substituting these values into the equilibrium expression yields K = (1²)(1³) = 1. Therefore, the equilibrium constant for the given reaction at 25 °C is approximately 6.6 × 10⁻²⁰.

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" 14/7 N and 18/7 N "

Isotopes are two or more different atom types that share the same atomic number and place in the periodic table but have different quantities of neutrons in their nuclei, resulting in various nucleon numbers.

Isotopy is a phenomenon in chemical element atoms defined by a difference in the mass number of an element's atoms, even if the atoms always have the same atomic number.

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For the sequential deprotonations of a polyprotic acid, the equilibrium constants will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

For explaining above statement let's take an example of polyprotic acid like phosphoric acid.

In the phospheric acid \(H_{3} PO_{4}\), after deprotonation of one hydrogen results as \(H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}\) and equilibrium constant as \(K_{1}\) . \(H_{2} PO_{4}^{-}\)  donate one hydrogen results as \(H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}\) and equilibrium constant as \(K_{2}\) . Similarly,  \(H_{} PO_{4}^{-2}\)  donate one hydrogen results as \(PO_{4}^{-3}\) and equilibrium constant as \(K_{3}\) . The removing of hygen ion from nuetral molecule is easier than removal of hydrogen ion from ionic species So, the value of \(K_{1}\) is greater than  \(K_{2}\) and value of  \(K_{2}\)  is greater than \(K_{3}\).

So, the equilibrium constants of polyprotic acid will typically decrease with each successive ionization.

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Answer:

It is used by the organism itself for respiration.

Answer & Explanation:  The Ames test examines the mutagenic effects of chemicals ; as such, it detects whether a given chemical can cause a reversion mutation in his- bacteria. While this is the purpose of the test, some of the reversion mutations are not caused by the mutagen being tested  for. The appearance of his revertants in the presence of a non-mutagenic control compound therefore indicates that His+ revertants on the control plate are the result of spontaneous mutation.

Answer:

2

Explanation:

4.6 has two figures.  The 10^5 tells us only that it is a very large number, but adds nothing that tells us the number was any more accurately measured than what was provided in the 4.6

The equation that is correct is as follows: mechanical energy = kinetic energy + potential energy (option C).

Mechanical energy is one of the forms of energy and it is the sum of the potential energy and kinetic energy of a body or system.

The potential energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its position (in a gravitational or electric field), or its condition (as a stretched or compressed spring).

On the other hand, kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object because of its motion.

In other words, mechanical energy describes the energy of an object because of its motion or position, or both.

Therefore, option C is the correct equation.

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Answer:

a) melting point

To ensure safety while carrying out her experiment, Maria should follow proper laboratory protocols and take necessary precautions like handle equipment and glassware carefully,wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE),read safety data sheets (SDS) to understand the proper handling,never work alone in the laboratory,etc.

Here are some recommendations:

1.Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including safety goggles, lab coat, and gloves, to protect her eyes, body, and hands from potential hazards.

2.Familiarize herself with the properties and potential risks associated with the chemicals she will be working with. Read safety data sheets (SDS) to understand the proper handling, storage, and disposal procedures.

3.Work in a well-ventilated area or use a fume hood to minimize exposure to any fumes or gases that may be generated during the experiment.

4.Handle equipment and glassware carefully to prevent accidents or breakages. Ensure that all equipment is in good condition and appropriate for the experiment.

5.Follow proper techniques for measuring, mixing, and transferring chemicals to prevent spills or splashes. Use appropriate containers and labels to clearly identify and store chemicals.

6.Be aware of emergency procedures, including the location of safety equipment such as fire extinguishers, eyewash stations, and emergency showers.

7.Never work alone in the laboratory. Inform a supervisor or lab mate about the experiment and maintain communication throughout the process.

By following these safety measures, Maria can minimize risks and ensure a safe working environment during her experiment.

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Answer:

Chorine

Explanation:

It's a classic, sodium chloride, table salt, which is an ionic bond.

PLS GIVE BRAINLIEST

The mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus, and it is often written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol.

The mass number of an element accurately describes the total count of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. It is represented by the symbol "A." Although the mass number of a specific element can vary due to the presence of isotopes, it is typically written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol. For example, carbon-12 is written as ¹²C. In a neutral atom, the mass number does not equal the number of electrons; rather, it is the atomic number (number of protons) that equals the number of electrons.

Therefore, the correct options are "the mass number is given by the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus" and "the mass number is often written as a left superscript next to the atomic symbol."

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Answer:

copper oxide has been reuced into copper

Explanation:

The copper has gained electrons to become stable on its own without oxygen

OILRIG- show that reducution is the gain of electrons

Answer:

7ml/g

Explanation:

density=mass/volume

density=14g/2ml

density= 7g/ml

Answer:

Nitrogen and oxygen are by far the most common; dry air is composed of about 78% nitrogen (N 2) and about 21% oxygen (O 2).

In short, Nitrogen

Answer:-3m/s east

Explanation:that’s right

The resulting pH of the solution formed by adding 200 ml of 0.30 M formic acid to 400 ml of water, with a pKa of 3.75, is approximately 2.3.

To determine the resulting pH of the solution, we need to consider the dissociation of formic acid (HCOOH) in water. Formic acid is a weak acid that partially dissociates into hydrogen ions (H⁺) and formate ions (HCOO⁻). The dissociation constant of formic acid is represented by pKa, which is equal to -log(Ka), where Ka is the acid dissociation constant.

Given the pKa of formic acid as 3.75, we can use the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation to calculate the pH:

pH = pKa + log([A⁻]/[HA])

In this case, [A⁻] represents the concentration of the formate ions and [HA] represents the concentration of the undissociated formic acid. The total volume of the resulting solution is 200 ml + 400 ml = 600 ml.

Using the given concentration of 0.30 M formic acid, we can calculate the concentration of formate ions ([A⁻]) and undissociated formic acid ([HA]):

[HA] = concentration of formic acid = 0.30 M x (200 ml/600 ml) = 0.10 M

[A⁻] = concentration of formate ions = 0.30 M x (400 ml/600 ml) = 0.20 M

Substituting these values into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:

pH = 3.75 + log(0.20/0.10) = 2.3 (rounded to one decimal place)

Therefore, the resulting pH of the solution is approximately 2.3 when 200 ml of 0.30 M formic acid is added to 400 ml of water with a pKa of 3.75.

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Complete Question:

if 200ml of 0.30M formic acid is added to 400 ml of water, what is the resulting PH of the solution? round the answer to one decimal place Pka 3.75

Answer:

The Correct answer is D

Explanation:

The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 1,674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

The statement that is true about Jane's experiment is:

The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 1,674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

To solve this question, we'll begin by calculating the heat absorbed in each trial.

Mass of water (M) = 80 g

Initial temperature of water (T₁) = 15 °C

Final temperature of water (T₂) = 65 °C

Change in temperature of water (ΔT) = T₂ – T₁

= 65 – 15

= 50 °C

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/gºC

Q₁ = MCΔT

Q₁ = 80 × 4.184 × 50

Mass of water (M) = 80 g

Initial temperature of water (T₁) = 10 °C

Final temperature of water (T₂) = 65 °C

Change in temperature of water (ΔT) = T₂ – T₁

= 65 – 10

= 55 °C

Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/gºC

Q₂ = MCΔT

Q₂ = 80 × 4.184 × 55

Finally, we shall determine the difference in the heat absorbed. This can be obtained as follow:

Heat absorbed in trial 1 (Q₁) = 16736 J

Heat absorbed in trial 2 (Q₂) = 18410 J

Difference = Q₂ – Q₁

Difference = 18410 – 16736

From the calculations made above, we see that the heat absorbed in trial 2 is 1674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

Therefore, the correct statement is: The heat absorbed in Trial 2 is about 1,674 J greater than the heat absorbed in Trial 1.

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