Describe the trend in judicial independence in the United Kingdom between 1990 and 2019. Explain a possible reason for this trend.
Answers
Answer:
The main factors aimed at securing judicial independence
The previous section has briefly explained why judicial independence is important for maintaining judges' impartiality and the rule of law. This section now focuses on how judicial independence can be guaranteed in its fundamental aspects (external, internal, institutional and individual independence). Various mechanisms are possible, and a range of examples are provided to encourage debate and develop critical thinking.
Judicial independence is a multifaceted concept. There are different institutional, legal and operational arrangements that in abstracto are designed to ensure judicial independence, and they can work differently depending on the historical, political, legal and social context in which the judiciary operates. Therefore, there is not an ideal model of implementing judicial independence in the sense that one-size-fits-all. Judicial independence is - in more concrete terms - the result of a combination of different conditions, measures, checks and balances, that can vary from one country to another. Every country has to find its own balance.
In some countries, for example, judicial independence is basically secured through a self-governing body or council (composed mainly of judges) which is in charge of all the decisions concerning judges' recruitment/nomination, career, transfer and discipline. This occurs, for example, in France, Italy, Mongolia, Nigeria, Poland, Romania, Spain, and Ukraine. In other countries, such as Kenya, South Africa, India, Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, India, Kenya, South Africa, the United States, there is no equivalent body, and judicial independence is thereby secured through various other mechanisms. Therefore, what is deemed to be an essential measure in some countries may be not considered as such in others. This reveals rather different views on the institutional means needed to protect judicial independence.
The process of defining the institutional requirements of judicial independence has by no means come to an end. For example, the oldest institution of the British constitutional system, the office of Lord Chancellor, has been recently redesigned in an effort to bring about a clearer separation between the branches of the State, and to enhance the independence of the judiciary (see the UK Constitutional Reform Act, 2005; Shetreet and Turenne, 2013).
The protection of judicial independence is usually considered as including various aspects that operate on different levels: external and internal independence, and institutional and individual independence. External independence refers to the independence of the judiciary from the political branches (Executive and Legislative power), as well as any other nonjudicial actor. Although there must, of necessity, be some relations between the judiciary and the political powers (especially the Executive), as stated in the Commentary on the Bangalore Principles "such relations must not interfere with the judiciary's liberty in adjudicating individual disputes and in upholding the law and values of the Constitution" (2007, para. 26). Internal independence focuses on guarantees aimed at protecting individual judges from undue pressure from within the judiciary: from other judges and, above all, from high ranking judges. High ranking judges may, for example, exert supervising power over courts' administration (depending on the organization of the judicial system), but they must not - in any way - influence the substance of judges' decision-making.
Institutional independence pertains to the institutional and legal arrangements designed ex ante by the State to shield judges from undue pressure and influence. From this point of view, the most important factors concern the way in which judges are recruited, evaluated, and disciplined, the governance of the judiciary and courts' administration.
Judicial independence is a complex idea. To ensure judicial independence, many institutional, legal, and operational measures have been put in place.
What trends in judicial independence, United Kingdom?How judicial independence can be ensured in its essential facets, including individual, institutional, internal, and external independence. A variety of processes are feasible, and a variety of examples are given to promote discussion and foster critical thinking.
As a result, there isn't a perfect approach for adopting judicial independence that works for everyone. In more concrete words, the outcome of a mixture of many requirements, restrictions, and checks and balances, which can differ from one nation to another, is judicial independence.
However, how well these arrangements function will vary depending on the historical, political, legal, and social context in which the judiciary is employed.
Therefore, The preservation of the rule of law and the impartiality of judges depends on independence.
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Related Questions
A species of mouse occupies the same niche in a forest that a species of rat occupies in a nearby forest. What would be the most likely result it members of the rat
population were introduced to the mice's forest?
A. The rats would kill the mice
B. The rats would adopt a new diet
C. Either the mice or the rats would die off or move away
D. Either the mice or the rats would evolve into a new species
Answers
Answer:
The correct option is;
A. The rats would kill the mice
Explanation:
The mouse that exist in the forest niche will continue inhabiting the niche because the introduced rats are cautious mammals
Whereby the population of rats increases and there is competition for food there is a likelihood that rats could kill the mice. However in plentiful supply of food, the two rodents could coexist
Given the nature of the niche which is shared and the differences in behavior of the rats such as muricide, the rats will kill and eat the mice as noticed in scientific studies over the past several decades.
To remain healthy, daily fluid intake should be much less than fluid loss?
Answers
Answer:
To remain healthy, daily fluid intake should be much less than fluid loss.
Answer:
False
Explanation:
Got it Correct on Edge
A desk is being sold at a 40% discount. The sale price is $420. What was its original
price ?
Answers
Hope this helps!
Original price is $700
The desk being sold at a 40% discount means that there is a discount of 40% from the desk real price.
Discount rate = 40%
The sales price = $420
The original sales price = ?
Original sales price = Sales price / (1 - Rate)
Original sales price = $420 / (1 - 40%)
Original sales price = $420 / 0.60
Original sales price = $700
In conclusion, the original price of the desk is $700
Proof-check: $700 x 40% discount = $280 discount. The actual amount paid is $420 ($700 - $280)
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HOW HARD IS AP EUROPEAN? I want people’s opinions on ap European since I’m taking it next year. Also, I will post in the comments if I’m taking ap euro. I don’t care if the responses are bad or good, I just want to know what ap euro is/is going to be like.
Answers
AP European History can be challenging but it ultimately depends on one;s individual strengths and interests.
How difficult is AP European History?AP European History is known for its rigorous curriculum and extensive content. The course covers a wide range of topics including political, social, economic, and cultural aspects of European history from the Renaissance to the present day.
The difficulty level of the course vary depending on factors such as your prior knowledge, study habits and the teaching style of your instructor. It requires strong critical thinking and analytical skills as well as the ability to memorize and comprehend large amounts of historical information.
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All employers covered by the OSH Act are covered by Part
illnesses.
regulations, which
O a) 1908
Ob) 1904
O c) 1100
od) 15030
Answers
Yo ya pretty much yes it’s d
Explain why the answer is correct and or wrong. ignore the ones labeled i,ii,iii
100 points!!
Answers
Answer:
sorry I can't really see that
Explanation:
dang.
Please seek the image to help me out!! Chemistry!!
Answers
Explanation:
Aluminum-29 (Al-29) is an isotope of aluminum, and it is stable with respect to alpha decay and spontaneous fission. However, it can undergo beta decay due to the specific nuclear properties of its nucleus. Beta decay involves the transformation of a neutron into a proton or vice versa, along with the emission of a beta particle (electron) or a positron.
The primary reason why Al-29 might undergo beta decay is related to the neutron-to-proton ratio in its nucleus. Stable nuclei tend to have a balance between protons and neutrons, typically favoring a near-equal number of protons and neutrons or a slight excess of neutrons. If the neutron-to-proton ratio is not optimal for stability, the nucleus may undergo a radioactive decay process to achieve a more stable configuration.
In the case of Al-29, it has a relatively high neutron-to-proton ratio, which makes it less stable compared to isotopes with a more balanced ratio. By undergoing beta decay, one of the excess neutrons can transform into a proton, reducing the neutron-to-proton ratio and bringing the nucleus closer to a more stable configuration.
Through beta decay, Al-29 transforms into Si-29, as one of the neutrons in the nucleus converts into a proton, while emitting a beta particle (electron). The resulting Si-29 isotope has a more balanced neutron-to-proton ratio, making it a more stable configuration.
Overall, beta decay of Al-29 helps to stabilize the nucleus by adjusting the neutron-to-proton ratio and bringing it closer to the optimal ratio for stability.
Through a variety of methods and for diverse reasons, nations in both Africa and Asia engaged in decolonization from European countries in the mid-to-late 20th century.
Evaluate the extent to which African and Asian independence movements in the mid-to-late 20th century were similar.
Just need an introduction paragraph with a thesis statement!!
Answers
I typed this answer myself, I hope you are satisfied with it!
While varying in location and time, the African and Asian independence movements that took place in Ghana, South Africa, Vietnam, and India have also had many similarities in other areas. Some of the similarities that can be observed are the fact that in many of the independence movements, mass death occurred, such as in Vietnam and India, which had death tolls that exceeded one million. Another similarity that could be observed is the fact that the leaders of the independence movement often ended up being the elected leader of the country, such as Kwame Nkrumah and Hồ Chí Minh. When comparing historical events of different countries in different areas of the world, many differences and similarities can and will be found.
Answer:
While varying in time and location, African and Asian nations substantially engaged in decolonization from European countries in the mid- to late 20th century through a variety of methods in similar routes of action. India, Vietnam, Ghana, and South Africa, to name a few, decided to rise up against their colonizers to gain independence after several decades of oppression. While India and many African nations shared a common colonizer in Great Britain, France among other European nations occupied and imperialized African nations during the New Imperialism. Even after being liberated from their foreign oppressors, these nations faced challenges ahead of them similar in political, social, and economic aspects such as the dichotomy in Vietnam. Mass death tolls at times exceeding millions, elected leaders becoming the kingpins of revolutionary movements and nations becoming pawns between superpowers in the Cold War were some similar methods that nations in Africa and Asia acquired in order to achieve independence.
Explanation:
Here's what I wrote, BUT I did improvise with a little help from the previous answer. I hope this helps. Have a great day or night!
If you took someone in your Family Circle "for granted," how might they feel about you?
Thoughtful
Angry
Anxious
Joyful
Answers
Answer:
Angry
Explanation:
!calculus!
The position function of a car moving along a mountain road is given by the function f(t) = t^3 - 2t^2 + 4 kilometers, where t is in hours. What is the instantaneous velocity of the car at t = 2 hours?
Answers
Answer: 4 Kilometers per hour.
Explanation: The instantaneous velocity of the car at t = 2 hours can be found by taking the first derivative of the position function. The derivative of f(t) = t^3 - 2t^2 + 4 is f'(t) = 3t^2 - 4t.
Substituting t = 2 into the derivative function gives us:
f'(2) = 3 * 2^2 - 4 * 2 = 12 - 8 = 4
So, the instantaneous velocity of the car at t = 2 hours is 4 kilometers per hour.
Is the extinction of languages a positive, negative, or neither move for humanity as a whole? Explain.
Answers
Answer:
great
gert huuiuiffuii fyu
Answer:
Negative
Explanation:
The removal of different languages would most certainly negatively affect the world. If we all only speak one language, English for example, we would no longer be able to understand past media and artifacts written in other languages. It would also effect many different cultures as well.
Where should someone look for employment openings if they want to pursue a career in academia?
the Department of Education website for K-12 openings
websites of famous particle physics laboratories
bulletin boards in college classes that focus on science topics
email lists that distribute openings in colleges and universities
Answers
Answer: The department of Education website.
Explanation:
I need help with this problem.
Answers
Answer:
I think it (a)
Explanation:
Seligman's goal it helps by enabling people to think constructively about the past ,gain optimism and hope for the future and ,as a result,gain greater happiness in the present
Answer questions 1–6 on p. 167 of The Language of Composition. (2nd edition: Answer questions 1–6 on p. 381. )
Ed: AP English
Answers
He wanted his reader to view him as an outrageous and overacting persona. This is essential so as to invoke some emotions from them.His use of ridiculous numbers to back up a ridiculous proposal set the satiric tone of the piece.
His diction of pointing out the wrongdoings of the people sets a mood that this piece is to change the ways of humanity. Because of the ridiculous nature of the proposal, he wanted the readers to first see the purpose of this kind of proposal.
The purpose of this kind of strategy is to further invoke the imagination of the readers as to the message Swift wants to convey.Swift's use of statistics to back up his appeal for these values and the overall effect of his proposal is a rhetorical strategy that elicited the consciousness of the audience.
Therefore, He wanted his reader to view him as an outrageous and overacting persona. This is essential so as to invoke some emotions from them.
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The complete part of the question will be:
Answer questions 1–12 in "Questions on Rhetoric and Style" on p. 778 of The Language of Composition. (2nd edition: Answer questions 1–12 on p. 411.)
The book where the questions are found is called "The Language of Composition. 2nd Edition" on page 411
Voting eligibility has been extended to larger numbers of U.S. citizens over time. Which principle does this trend reflect?
Answers
Answer:
Voting eligibility has been extended to larger number of U.S. citizens over time and its principle is discussed below in details.
Explanation:
Voting is one of the most sacred and essential privileges that the United States citizens enjoy. At the beginning of the United States, only a few states granted the right to vote and that is only limited to white males and property owners. But due to the following amendments in the United States Constitution had been hard-fought battles to expand this voting rights. 26th, 24th, 19th, and 15th amendments were the key principles that extended to a larger number of U.S. citizens over time.Use coulrophobia,squwak and hangar in a sentence
Answers
Answer: The circus performer suffered from coulrophobia, which made him afraid of clowns and caused him to squawk loudly whenever he entered the hangar where they kept their costumes.
The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called a(n) A.control condition. B.independent variable. C.case study. D.population. E.survey.
Answers
Answer:
D. Population
Explanation:
Hope this helps lol.
The complete set of cases from which samples may be drawn is called as population. Thus option D is correct.
what is population ?
A population can be defined as complete group of individuals which comprises a nation or a group of individuals having common characteristic features.
It is a pool of individuals from which the statistical sample is drawn for a study purpose, so the election of individuals grouped by a common feature which can be called as population.
For, a statistical analysis of a sample of a population must report a standard deviation, or standard error, so that the results from the entire population can be determined properly.
Thus option D is correct.
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Develop an argument either for or against regulations on social media companies. Use at least one piece of evidence from one of the following foundational documents: Article I, Section 8 of The United States Constitution The First Amendment of the United States Constitution
Answers
Whether the regulated activity is business or economic in nature, and whether a regulation expressly provides a jurisdictional element to limit its scope.
What is regulation?Regulation is defined as the management of a process or activity, typically by the application of rules. They are significant because they establish the boundaries of what is acceptable and unacceptable in business. They safeguard us as citizens and ensure that we adhere to the same regulations.
The commerce clause gives Congress the power to regulate activities involving the nation's highways, airspace, and waterways as well as activities that are fully contained inside a single state.
Thus, whether the regulated activity is business or economic in nature, and whether a regulation expressly provides a jurisdictional element to limit its scope.
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how many times a year is the Earth at its average distance from the Sun
Answers
Answer:
Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), and one complete orbit takes 365.256 days (1 sidereal year), during which time Earth has traveled 940 million km (584 million mi).
Explanation:
who wants to help a brotha out
Answers
Using the balanced equation, The grams of \(Al_2O_3\) are produced from 0.85 moles of \(Al(OH)_3\) is 2(0.85) moles x 102 g/mole. The correct option is A.
To decide the quantity of \(Al_2O_3\) created from 0.85 moles of \(Al(OH)_3\) , we want to apply the stoichiometry of the balanced equation.
\(2 Al(OH)_3 --- > Al_2O_3 + 3 H_2O\)
From the equation, we will see that 2 moles of \(Al(OH)_3\) produce 1 mole of Al2O3.
To convert moles of \(Al(OH)_3\) to moles of \(Al_2O_3\) , we use the conversion factor:
1 mole \(Al_2O_3\) / 2 moles \(Al(OH)_3\)
Now we can calculate the moles of \(Al_2O_3\) made from 0.85 moles of \(Al(OH)_3\) :
Moles of \(Al_2O_3\) = 0.85 moles \(Al(OH)_3\) × (1 mole \(Al_2O_3\) / 2 moles \(Al(OH)_3\)
Moles of \(Al_2O_3\) = 0.85 moles \(Al(OH)_3\) / 2
Molar mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = (2 × atomic mass of Al) + (3 × atomic mass of O)
Molar mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = (2 × 27.0 g) + (3 × 16.0 g)
Molar mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = 54.0 g + 48.0 g
Molar mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = 102.0 g/mol
Mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = Moles of \(Al_2O_3\) × Molar mass of \(Al_2O_3\)
Mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = (0.85 moles \(Al(OH)_3\) / 2) × 102.0 g/mol
Mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = 0.425 moles × 102.0 g/mol
Mass of \(Al_2O_3\) = 43.35 g
Thus, the correct option is A.
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currently/ had a job/never had a job
juniors: 14/22/15
senior: 30/40/10
a. Calculate the proportion of juniors that are currently working, not working but have had a job, and never had a job
b. calculate the proportion of seniors that are currently working, not working but have had a job, and never had a job
Answers
B. 38% (divide 30 by total number of students (80)), 50% (divide 40 by total number of students (80)) 13% (divide 10 by total number of students (80))
I rounded.
Senate must approve presidential appointments. why is that so?
Answers
Answer:
The Senate has the sole power to confirm those of the President's appointments that require consent, and to provide advice and consent to ratify treaties. There are, however, two exceptions to this rule: the House must also approve appointments to the Vice Presidency and any treaty that involves foreign trade.
Explanation:
Are dogs better at tracking the movements of brightly colored objects? 15 experienced disc dogs who have been trying to catch flying disc in mid air or give me the chance to catch a bright red this airplane what is each discus throwing 10 times reached out with the sequence of this red or white determine randomly the real version of a discount on version of the way discouraged. For each dog is example of a
Answers
For each dog is example of a tracking dog. The dogs eyes track the disc very quickly.
What is tracking?Tracking is defined as the practice of grouping pupils with like ability and instructing them together. A tracking system, often referred to as a locating system, is used to keep track of people or objects in motion and provide an accurate, timely sequence of location data for processing.
Dogs may really be very well suited for analyzing an object's motion and determining its final location. Dog eyes are more likely to have rod cells, which are sensitive to movement, than human eyes. Dogs appear to process temporal information more quickly than humans, according to evidence.
Thus, for each dog is example of a tracking dog. The dogs eyes track the disc very quickly.
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Micah thinks that after he dies, he will go to heaven. This is an example of a
Answers
Answer:
??
Explanation:
What are the choices?
What is the quotient of 6.118\times 10^86.118×10
8
and 8.05 \times 10^58.05×10
5
expressed in scientific notation?
Answers
Answer: The quotient of 6.118 × 10^8 and 8.05 × 10^5 expressed in scientific notation is 7.5454 × 10^3.
Explanation: To find the quotient of 6.118 × 10^8 and 8.05 × 10^5, we divide 6.118 × 10^8 by 8.05 × 10^5:
6.118 × 10^8 / 8.05 × 10^5 = 6.118 / 8.05 × 10^8 / 10^5 = 754.54 × 10^3
So, the quotient expressed in scientific notation is 7.5454 × 10^3.
why are cabinet appointments approved by the senate
Answers
In the United States, cabinet appointments are subject to Senate confirmation because the Constitution gives the Senate the power to provide advice and consent on presidential nominations for certain federal offices. This means that the Senate must approve the president's nominations for cabinet positions before those individuals can assume their roles.
The requirement for Senate confirmation is intended to provide a check on the president's power and ensure that the people the president selects for cabinet positions are qualified and suitable for their roles. The Senate confirmation process allows senators to ask the nominee questions and express their concerns, and it gives the public an opportunity to learn more about the nominee's background and qualifications.
Overall, the requirement for Senate confirmation of cabinet appointments helps to ensure that the president's choices for these important positions are subject to scrutiny and oversight by the legislative branch of government.
Estimate a 20% tip for a bill total of $21.80
Answers
Answer:
The tip would be $4.36 I believe
PLEASE HELP GIVING BRAINLIEST TO WHOEVER CAN HELP ME OUT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Research the path that food takes as it travels the digestive system. Take notes in your lab journal on what occurs at each of the major parts / organs involved. Be sure to also include notes on the accessory organs that are involved with digestion.
Answers
Answer: The GI tract is the pathway food takes from your mouth, through the esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine. In the GI tract, nutrients and water from foods are absorbed to help keep your body healthy. Whatever isn't absorbed keeps moving through your GI tract until you get rid of it by using the bathroom.
Explanation:
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Arielle prefers a job that brings steady and dependable income. Which of the following is she most likely to consider the greatest disadvantage to working in the hospitality and tourism industry?
A) Many jobs in the industry offer employment on a seasonal basis.
B) Many jobs in the industry require customer service and interaction.
C) Some jobs in the industry have starting salaries on the low side.
D) Some jobs in the industry may require employees to relocate.
Answers
How has ancient astronomy influenced contemporary (now 2022) astronomy?
Answers
Ancient astronomy has had a significant impact on contemporary astronomy in several ways. One of the most significant ways is that many of the foundations of modern astronomy were established by ancient astronomers. For example, the ancient Greeks were among the first to develop mathematical models to describe the motions of celestial objects, and their work laid the groundwork for later astronomers to build on.
Another way ancient astronomy has influenced contemporary astronomy is by preserving astronomical knowledge from centuries ago. Many ancient astronomical texts and artifacts, such as Babylonian astronomical diaries and Egyptian pyramids, have been discovered and studied, providing insight into the methods and beliefs of ancient astronomers. This has allowed contemporary astronomers to better understand the history of astronomy and its development over time.
Finally, ancient astronomy has inspired many contemporary astronomers to continue exploring the universe and to make new discoveries. Ancient astronomers, such as Hipparchus and Ptolemy, made significant contributions to the field, and their work continues to influence and inspire contemporary astronomers to push the boundaries of what we know about the universe.
In conclusion, ancient astronomy has played an important role in shaping the course of contemporary astronomy and continues to inspire and inform astronomical research and discovery.