The toughness/strength trade-off is a concept that describes the relationship between the ability of a material to withstand stress or deformation (strength) and its ability to resist fracture or failure (toughness).
Generally, materials that are stronger are often less tough, and those that are tougher are often less strong. This is because the properties that make a material strong, such as its hardness and stiffness, often make it more susceptible to brittle fracture, while materials that are tough, such as those that can absorb a lot of energy before breaking, often have lower strength. Thus, when designing materials for specific applications, engineers must carefully balance the desired levels of toughness and strength to ensure that the material can perform its intended function without failing.
The toughness-strength trade-off refers to the balance between a material's ability to absorb energy before fracturing (toughness) and its ability to resist deformation under an applied load (strength). In many cases, as the strength of a material increases, its toughness decreases, and vice versa. This trade-off is important to consider when selecting materials for specific applications, as engineers must find the right balance between the material's strength and toughness to meet the desired performance criteria.
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The following diagram shows two meteors with masses of 1,000 kilograms and 3,000 kilograms spaced 10 meters apart. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted by the 1,000 kg meteor on the 3,000 kg meteor? 2 × 10-9 N, 2 × 10-6 N, 7 × 10-10 N, 2 × 10-2 N
The attraction between masses as small as our bodies, or even objects the size of skyscrapers, is incredibly small. For example, two 1.0-kg masses located 1.0 meter apart exert a force of 6.7×10−11N 6.7 × 10 − 11 N on each other.Answer:
Explanation:
Even between objects the size of skyscrapers or masses as small as our bodies, there is incredibly little attraction. For instance, a force of 6.71011N is generated when two 1.0-kg masses are placed 1.0 meters apart. 6.7 10 11 N on top of one another.
What magnitude of gravitational force by the meteor?M/s2 is its SI unit. Its vector nature—which includes both magnitude and direction—makes it a quantity. The unit g stands for gravitational acceleration. At sea level, the standard value of g on earth's surface is 9.8 m/s2.
The magnitude of PQ is represented symbolically as | PQ |. The Distance Formula can be used to determine a vector's magnitude if its start and end points' coordinates are known.
Therefore, The distance between a vector's starting point P and ending point Q is its magnitude.
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12) Driving home from school one day, you spot a ball rolling out into the street (FIGURE 5-27). You brake for 1.20 s, slowing your 950-kg car from 16.0 m>s to 9.50 m>s. What was the average forceexerted on your car during braking and How far did you travel while braking?
We are given the following information
Mass of car = 950 kg
Initial speed of car = 16.0 m/s
Final speed of car = 9.50 m/s
Time = 1.20 s
The average force exerted on the car during braking can be found using Newton's 2nd law of motion
\(F=m\cdot a\)Where m is the mass of the car and a is the acceleration of the car.
The acceleration of the car is given by
\(\begin{gathered} a=\frac{v_f-v_i}{t} \\ a=\frac{9.50-16.0}{1.20} \\ a=-5.4167\; \; \frac{m}{s^2} \end{gathered}\)The negative sign indicates deacceleration since the car is stopping.
So, the force is
\(\begin{gathered} F=m\cdot a \\ F=950\cdot5.4167 \\ F=5145.865\; \; N \end{gathered}\)Therefore, an average force of 5145.865 N was exerted on your car during braking.
The distance traveled by the car while braking can be found as
\(s=v_i\cdot t+\frac{1}{2}\cdot a\cdot t^2\)Let us substitute the given values
\(\begin{gathered} s=16.0\cdot1.20+\frac{1}{2}\cdot(-5.4167)\cdot(1.20)^2 \\ s=19.20-3.90 \\ s=15.3\; m \end{gathered}\)Therefore, the car traveled a distance of 15.3 m while braking.
if the mass of the child and sled is 32 kg , what is the magnitude of the average force you need to apply to stop the sled? use the concepts of impulse and momentum
the magnitude of the average force required to stop the sled is 16 times the velocity of the sled in meters per second.
To calculate the magnitude of the average force required to stop the sled, we can use the concept of impulse and momentum. The equation that relates these two concepts is:
FΔt = mΔvwhere F is the force, Δt is the time interval during which the force is applied, m is the mass of the object, and Δv is the change in velocity.Let's assume that the sled was initially moving with a certain velocity v and that you want to bring it to a complete stop.
The final velocity of the sled will be 0 m/s. Since the mass of the child and sled is 32 kg, we can use the following equation to calculate the average force required to stop the sled:
FΔt = mΔvF Δt = (32 kg) (- v)F Δt = -32v
To determine the value of F, we need to know the time interval Δt during which the force is applied. If we assume that it takes 2 seconds to bring the sled to a stop, then:
F (2 s) = -32vF = -16v Newtons
Therefore, the magnitude of the average force required to stop the sled is 16 times the velocity of the sled in meters per second.
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A 1300kg sports car accelerates from 0 m/s to 29 m/s in 13 seconds. What is the average power of the engine?
The average power of the engine will be 42050 watt.
In physics term with examples, what is power?Power is the pace of production of work. The watt (W), which is equal to 1 joule per second (1J/s), is the SI unit for power. Power is a measure of how quickly energy is used up since power is the transmission of energy. An example would be a 60-W light bulb, which uses 60 J of energy every second. P = E/t, where P stands for power, E for energy, and t for time in seconds, is the formula. According to this equation, power is the amount of energy consumed in a given amount of time.
How to determine the average power of an engine ?Given, mass = 1300 kg
initial velocity, u = 0
final velocity, v = 13 m/s
time, t = 13 s
by using E = 1/2 m [v² - u²]
E = 1/2 ×1300×[29² - 0²]
E = 546650 J
now, Power, P = E/t
P = 546650/13
P = 42050 watt
The average power of the engine will be 42050 watt.
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What’s the answer ?????
Answer:
Refer the attachment for answer and explanation pleaseExplanation:
This might surely help you ☺️❤️
An astronaut throws a rock in outer space away from gravitational / frictional influences. Will the rock gradually stop or continue in a straight line at a constant speed?
Explanation:
the rock will go in constant slow speed
A group of Advanced Open Water Divers plans to make two dives. The first dive is on a reef in 90 feet of water for 20 minutes. The group then remains on the surface for 1 hour. The second dive is on a wreck in 60 feet of water, with a planned bottom time of 30 minutes. What will be the ending pressure group after the second dive
Answer:
The ending pressure is R.
Explanation:
This is Recreational scuba diving (R). According to standards, this diving has prescribed depth limit of 130 ft. This means that the limit must include a depth that is not greater than 130 ft while using only compressed air and not even requiring a decompression stop.
Now, from the question, we can see that that there was a prescribed limit of 60ft of water with a planned bottom time of 30 minutes.
Thus, the ending pressure is R.
sest yourse 1. A pencil lies on the dashboard of a car. a) i) What happens to the pencil when the car suddenly stops? suddenly accelerates
Answer:
1. the pencil would have the momentum and would keep going until it hits the windshield. 2. when the car suddenly accelerates, the pencil would be inert and it would move toward the back of the car until a constant speed from the car is reached.
What statement describes a way electromagnetic waves are different from mechanical waves
Answer:
electromagnetic waves can travel through a vacuum where as mechanical waves have to have a medium to travel
Explanation:
What stages of development are represented by the Group 2 and Group 3 stars? Describe these
groups in terms of their relative age, size, brightness, and temperature
The first hypothetical stars with masses between 100 and 300 solar masses, known as type III population stars, may have blazed briefly (less than I am a million years each).
What are the Group 2 and Group 3 stars?In the halos of spiral galaxies and in the globular clusters of the Milky Way system, one can find Population II stars, including RR Lyrae variable stars. These objects also populate elliptical galaxies in significant numbers.
Therefore, It is a well-known fact that stars use their thermonuclear fuel more quickly the more massive they are, under the theory of stellar evolution.
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The rhinestones in costume jewelry are glass with index of refraction 1.50. To make them more reflective, they are often coated with a layer of silicon monoxide of index of refraction 2.00. What is the minimum coating thickness needed to ensure that light of wavelength 527 nm and of perpendicular incidence will be reflected from the two surfaces of the coating with fully constructive interference
Answer:
t = 6.6 10⁻⁸ m
Explanation:
In this case we have that the reflection in the film is constructive, we take into account that
* When the light is reflected from the air (n = 1) to the film (n=2) it has a phase change of 180º
* within the film the wavelength is modulated by the index of refact
λₙ = λ₀ / n
taking into account these two aspects the expression for constructive interference is
2n t = (m + ½) λ₀
let's find the minimum thickness (t) of the film
t = (m + ½) λ₀ / 2n
for m = 0
t = ½ 527 10⁻⁹ /(2 2.00)
t = 6.6 10⁻⁸ m
calculate the concentrations of all species in a 0.100 m h3p04 solution.
The concentration of all species in a 0.100 M H₃PO₄ solution is as follows: [H₃PO₄] = 0.100 M, [H₂PO₄⁻] = 0.045 M, [HPO₄²⁻] = 0.0049 M, and [PO₄³⁻] = 1.0 x 10^-7 M.
Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid, is a triprotic acid with the chemical formula H₃PO₄. In water, the acid disassociates into H⁺ and H₂PO₄⁻. The second dissociation of H₂PO₄⁻⁻ results in the formation of H⁺ and HPO₄²⁻. Finally, the dissociation of HPO₄²⁻ produces H⁺ and PO₄³⁻. The following equations show the dissociation of H₃PO₄:
H₃PO₄ → H⁺ + H₂PO₄⁻
H₂PO₄⁻ → H⁺ + HPO₄²⁻
HPO₄²⁻ → H⁺ + PO₄³⁻
Using the dissociation constants of phosphoric acid, one can calculate the concentrations of all species in a 0.100 M H₃PO₄ solution. [H₃PO₄] = 0.100 M, [H₂PO₄⁻] = 0.045 M, [HPO₄²⁻] = 0.0049 M, and [PO₄³⁻] = 1.0 x 10^-7 M.
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Cuatro contenedores idénticos tienen la misma cantidad de gas helio a la misma temperatura inicial. Los recipientes también cuentan con un émbolo móvil que no permite que el helio escape. Cada muestra de gas sigue un proceso distinto como se describe a continuación: Muestra 1: 500 J de calor salen del gas y este realiza 300 J de trabajo. Muestra 2: 500 J de calor entran al gas y este realiza 300 J de trabajo. Muestra 3: 500 J de calor salen del gas y se hace un trabajo de 300 J sobre él. Muestra 4: 500 J de calor entran al gas y se hace un trabajo de 300 J sobre él.
Answer:
1) ΔE = -800 J, 2) ΔE = 200 J, 3) ΔE = -200 J, 4) ΔE = 800 J
Explanation:
For this exercise let's use the first law of thermodynamics
ΔE = Q + W
Where we will apply this expression to several cases
1) output Q = 500 J and does work of W = 300 J.
The two processes involve an energy output
ΔE = - 500 - 300
ΔE = -800 J
Therefore, the internal energy of the gas decreases by this amount,
2) enter Q = 500J and do work of W = 300 J
Positive heat is added and does negative work
ΔE = 500 - 300
ΔE = 200 J
3) they leave Q = 500 J and do (work on the gas) W = 300J
negative heat and positive work come out
ΔE = -500 + 300
ΔE = -200 J
4) heat enters Q = 500 J, work on gas W = 300 J
both positive
ΔE = 500 + 300
ΔE = 800 J
An empty space defined by its surround is known as ________ shape.
The distance between a charge and the source of an electric field changes from 3 mm to 6 mm.
As a result of the change, the electric potential energy of the charge is ______.
A. divided by 6
B. divided by 2
C. multiplied by 2
D. multiplied by 6
Answer:
c
Explanation:
The electric potential energy of the charge is divided by 2.
To find the electric potential energy, the values given from the source of an electric field changes from 3 mm to 6 mm.
What is electric potential energy?The electric potential energy is the energy that is needed to move a charge against the electric field.
The energy can be calculated as Work and these energy can be calculated as a whole not only the charges.
Formula for electric potential energy,
U = KQ²/r
where,
K is the constant, k = 9 × 10⁹
Substituting the values of q as the charges and then the distance can be,
U = KQ² / 3 and U = KQ² / 6
So that, the values can be divided by 2.
The unit of electric potential energy is Joule.
The distance can be from r to ∞.
Hence, Option B is the correct answer.
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Find the force experienced by a particle with a charge of (3x10^-8 c) when it is a distance of (2x10^-2 m) away from a second particle with a charge of (6x10^-7 c)
The physical characteristic of matter that causes it to feel a force when exposed to an electromagnetic field is called electric charge. The two types of electric charges that protons and electrons most frequently carry are positive and negative charges.
Find the force experienced by a particle with a charge of (3x10^-8 c) when it is a distance of (2x10^-2 m) away from a second particle with a charge of (6x10^-7 c)
Each fee = -Q
L is the length between charges.
decreased force =
As seen above, two particles, each with a charge of Q, are locked at a distance L apart. A net electric force F acts on every atom. The initial two particles are now locked on either side of a particle with a charge of +q.
Having said that,
The pressure at either end is
...(I)
If the charge q is positioned in the middle, then
Each end charge is under a force of
....(II)
We must determine the value of q.
Equation use (II)
Fill out the formula using the value of F.
Consequently, q is valued at q/8
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When loading a trailer, more than half the weight should be placed in the back half of the trailer.a. trueb. false
The statement "When loading a trailer, more than half the weight should be placed in the back half of the trailer" is false.
How should weight be shared when loading a truck?When loading a trailer, there is a common rule to distribute the weight evenly front to back and side to side.
The reason for this is to help prevent the trailer from swaying or tipping over.
The best weight distribution is 60% in front of the axle and 40% behind the axle.
If more than half the weight is placed in the back half of the trailer, it can cause the trailer to sway or tip over, when braking or turning which is very dangerous.
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A material that resists/limits the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and radiation is a
A ladybug is resting on a 0.5 meter radius turntable that is rotating with a period of 2 seconds. The ladybug is halfway between the center and the edge. Use this information for the questions in this section.
What is the tangential distance travelled by the ladybug in one revolution?
What is the tangential velocity of the ladybug?
What is the angular distance traveled by the ladybug after one revolution?
What is the angular velocity of the ladybug?
(a) The tangential distance travelled by the ladybug is 1.57 m.
(b) The tangential velocity of the ladybug is 0.785 m/s.
(c) The angular distance traveled by the ladybug after one revolution is 0.5π radians.
(d) The angular velocity of the ladybug is 3.14 rad/s.
What is tangential distance travelled?
The tangential distance travelled by the ladybug is calculated as follows;
d = 0.5 ( 2πr )
d = ( πr )
d = π x 0.5 m = 1.57 m
The tangential velocity of the ladybug is calculated as follows;
v = d / t
where;
d is tangential distancev = ( 1.57 m ) / ( 2 s )
v = 0.785 m/s
The angular distance traveled after after one revolution is calculated as follows;
2πr = 1 rev
2π x ( 0.25) = 1 rev
1 rev = 0.5π radians
The angular velocity of the ladybug is calculated as follows;
v = ωr
ω = v/r
ω = 0.785 m/s / 0.25 m
ω = 3.14 rad/s
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Consider two objects have mass m1= 6kg and m2 = 0.5kg specific heat capacity c1 = c2 =4200J/kg.℃ , respectively. Assume that, first object has temperature 20℃ and second object has temperature 90℃ . After, they placed this two object touch each other. Determine the mixture temperature of substance
Answer:c=-56+ 8
Explanation:
For a damped oscillator with known natural frequency ω 0
, damping constant β find the time it takes for the amplitude to drop to 50% of the initial amplitude. Adding a driving force F(t)=F 0
cos(ωt) show what is the work done over a complete cycle? Prove that for a mass m moving in a circle under the influence of a potential U(r)=kr n
the kinetic energy T is given by T=nU/2.
For a damped oscillator, the amplitude as a function of time is given by:
A(t) = \(A_0e^(-βt/2m)\)\(cos(ωd t + φ)\)
where A0 is the initial amplitude, β is the damping constant, m is the mass of the oscillator, ωd = √(ω0^2 - β^2/4m^2) is the damped angular frequency, and φ is the phase angle.
The time it takes for the amplitude to drop to 50% of the initial amplitude is given by:
A(t) = \(A_0e^(-βt/2m)\)\(cos(ωd t + φ)\) = 0.5A0
Taking natural logarithm on both sides,
ln(0.5) = -βt/2m
Solving for t, we get:
t = 2m/β ln(2)
Now, considering a driving force F(t) = F0 cos(ωt), the work done over a complete cycle can be calculated by integrating the product of force and displacement over one period. Since the displacement and force are not in phase, the work done over one period is given by:
W = ∫(F0 cos(ωt))(A0 cos(ωt - φ))dt
= F0 A0/2 ∫[cos(2ωt - φ) + cos(φ)]dt
= F0 A0/2 [sin(2ωt - φ)/(2ω) + cos(φ)t]
The first term on the right-hand side is zero over a complete cycle because the sine function is periodic with a period of π/ω and the argument of sine is an odd multiple of π/2. Thus, the work done over a complete cycle is given by:
W = F0 A0 cos(φ) π/ω
For a mass m moving in a circle under the influence of a potential U(r) = kr^n, the force acting on the mass is given by:
F = -dU/dr =\(-knr^(n-1)\)
The centripetal force required to keep the mass moving in a circle of radius r is given by:
F =\(mv^2\)/r
Equating these two expressions for force, we get:
\(mv^2\)/r = knr^(n-1)
Solving for\(v^2\), we get:
\(v^2\) = k/n m\(r^n\)
The kinetic energy of the mass is given by:
T = (1/2)\(mv^2\)
Substituting the expression for \(v^2\), we get:
T = k/n m\(r^n\) / 2
Comparing this with the potential energy U = kr^n, we get:
T = nU/2
Thus, we have proved that for a mass m moving in a circle under the influence of a potential U(r) = kr^n, the kinetic energy T is given by T = nU/2.
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Differences in temperature change part2
Explanation:
cold,hot,warm,room tempature i dont know what you needed help with but here you go:)
A mass is dropped from a height h above the ground, and freely falls under the influence of gravity. Which graphs here correctly describes the displacement and velocity of the object during the time the object is falling? Consider the "up" direction to be positive.
Which graph is it?
Answer:
B
Explanation:
The only force acting on the block is gravity, so the block has a constant, negative acceleration. This means the velocity of the block is decreasing at a constant rate, so the answer is B, D, or E. Velocity is the rate of change of displacement, and answer choice B is the only one that has a displacement graph that matches that idea.
Answer: Graph B here correctly describes the displacement and velocity of the object during the time the object is falling. Option B is correct.
It is given that the mass of an object is dropped from height 'h' above the ground and "up" direction is taken to be positive.
It is required to find the graph which describes the displacement and velocity of the object during the time the object is falling.
Which graphs here correctly describes the displacement and velocity of the object during the time the object is falling?If any body falls freely towards the ground, then its acceleration is decreasing constantly with respect to time. That means velocity of an object will also be decreased as shown in graph B. Also we know that velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
As it is given in question that up direction is positive then it is also considered that downward be negative means decreasing.
Therefore, both the quantities are decreasing. So graph B correctly describes the displacement and velocity of the object during the time the object is falling.
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Which of the following orders represents the ordering found in an alphanumeric outline?
A. capital letters, Arabic numerals, Roman numerals, lowercase letters
B. Arabic numerals, capital letters, Roman numerals, lowercase letters
C. Roman numerals, lowercase letters, Arabic numerals, capital letters
D. Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, lowercase letters
Answer: D
Explanation: It says that in the paragraph
Answer:
Roman numerals, capital letters, Arabic numerals, lowercase letters
Explanation:
Explain the following (using the concepts of moment, center of gravity and stability.) a) Racing cars are low, with wide wheels. b) It is difficult to steer a bicycle by gripping the center of the handlebars
Answer:
b
Explanation:
A rectangle has an area measuring 1350 square centimeters. Its length and width are whole numbers of centimeters. What are the possible combinations of length and width? which possibility gives the smallest perimeter?.
The smallest perimeter of the rectangle is of value 150 cm.
Given:
The area of the rectangle, A = 1350 cm²
Calculation:
Let the length of the rectangle be 'x'
the breadth of the rectangle be 'y'
We know that the area of a rectangle is given as:
A = (x) × (y)
Applying values in the above equation we get:
xy = 1350 cm²
Factorizing the value of 1350, the possible values of length and breadth of the rectangle is as listed below:
x (cm) y (cm)
1350 × 1
675 × 2
450 × 3
270 × 5
225 × 6
150 × 9
135 × 10
90 × 15
75 × 18
54 × 25
50 × 27
45 × 30 (least possible value)
Thus, the smallest perimeter of the rectangle can be calculated as:
P = 2 (x + y)
= 2 (45 + 30)
= 150 cm
Therefore, the smallest perimeter that the rectangle will have is 150 cm.
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A +0.05 C charge is placed in a uniform electric field pointing downward with a strength of 100 Newtons over Coulombs.. Determine the magnitude and direction of the force on the charge.
The magnitude of the electric force on the charge is 5 N.
Magnitude of force on the chargeThe magnitude of force on the charge is calculated as follows;
F = Eq
where;
E is electric fieldq is magnitude of the chargeF = 100 N/C x 0.05 C
F = 5 N
Thus, the magnitude of the electric force on the charge is 5 N.
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Answer:
5n downward
Explanation:
took the assignment
A proton is moving in a region of uniform magnetic field The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper: The arrow shows the velocity of the proton at one instant and the dotted circle gives the path followed by the proton: [2 marks] proton Explain why the path of the proton is circle_ 3b. The speed of the proton is 2.7 106 m s-1 and the magnetic field strength B is 0.41 T. [2 marks] Calculate the radius ofthe circular motion: 3c. Calculate the time for one complete revolution:
A proton is moving in a region of uniform magnetic field The magnetic field is directed into the plane of the paper: The arrow shows the velocity of the proton at one instant and the dotted circle gives the path followed by the proton. The path of the proton is a circle because it experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to its velocity. the time for one complete revolution is approximately 1.7 microseconds.
The path of the proton is a circle because it experiences a magnetic force perpendicular to its velocity. According to the right-hand rule, when a charged particle moves in a magnetic field, the force acting on it is perpendicular to both the velocity vector and the magnetic field direction. In this case, the force acts towards the center of the circle, causing the proton to move in a circular path.
To calculate the radius of the circular motion, we can use the formula for the centripetal force:
F = (q * v * B) / r
Where:
F is the centripetal force,
q is the charge of the proton (\(1.6 x 10^-{19}\) C),
v is the velocity of the proton (\(2.7 * 10^6\) m/s),
B is the magnetic field strength (0.41 T),
and r is the radius of the circular path.
The centripetal force is provided by the magnetic force, so we can equate the two:
(q * v * B) / r = (m * v^2) / r
Simplifying and rearranging the equation, we find:
r = (m * v) / (q * B)
Substituting the values:
r = (\(1.67 * 10^{-27}\) kg * \(2.7 * 10^6\)m/s) / (\(1.6 * 10^{-19}\)C * 0.41 T)
Calculating this gives us the radius of the circular motion.
To calculate the time for one complete revolution, we can use the formula for the period (T) of circular motion:
T = (2 * π * r) / v
Substituting the calculated radius and the velocity value, we can find the period.
To calculate the radius of the circular motion, we'll use the formula:
r = (m * v) / (q * B)
Plugging in the values:
r = \((1.67 * 10^{-27} kg * 2.7 * 10^6 m/s) / (1.6 * 10^{-19} C * 0.41 T)\)
r ≈\(1.47 * 10^-3\) m or 1.5 mm (rounded to two significant figures)
So, the radius of the circular motion is approximately 1.5 mm.
To calculate the time for one complete revolution, we'll use the formula:
T = (2 * π * r) / v
Plugging in the values:
T = (2 * π * 1.47 x\(10^-3\) m) / (2.7 x \(10^6\) m/s)
T ≈ 1.73 x \(10^-6\) s or 1.7 μs (rounded to two significant figures)
Therefore, the time for one complete revolution is approximately 1.7 microseconds.
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What is the oxidation number of oxygen in HNO3?
I dropped a penny from the top of the tower and takes 1. 85 seconds to hit the ground calculate the velocity and m per seconds after 1. 10 seconds of free-fall and calculate the velocity impact in mi/hr
To calculate the velocity of the penny after 1.10 seconds of free-fall, we can use the equations of motion for free-falling objects.
The equation to calculate the velocity (v) after a given time (t) in free-fall is:
v = gt
where g is the acceleration due to gravity (approximately 9.8 m/s²).
Substituting the values into the equation:
v = (9.8 m/s²) * (1.10 s)
v ≈ 10.78 m/s
Therefore, the velocity of the penny after 1.10 seconds of free-fall is approximately 10.78 m/s.
To calculate the impact velocity in miles per hour (mi/hr), we need to convert the velocity from meters per second (m/s) to miles per hour (mi/hr).
1 mile = 1609.34 meters
1 hour = 3600 seconds
Converting the velocity:
10.78 m/s * (1 mi / 1609.34 m) * (3600 s / 1 hr)
≈ 24.15 mi/hr
Therefore, the impact velocity of the penny is approximately 24.15 mi/hr.
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