Describe the difference between polar covalent bonds and nonpolar covalent bonds using these two molecules - H2 and HCl. Which molecule contains a polar covalent bond and which molecule contains a nonpolar covalent bond? Explain your reasoning alongside describing the differences between the types of bonds.

Following are the three guidelines to follow when considering to dispose of a material in the drain:

The material should be non hazardous, no radioactive waste and no hazardous chemical waste.

No liquid, solids, sludges, or viscous substances should be disposed in the drain

The material should not interfere with sewage treatment operations. It should not have corrosive pH levels. We should also avoid grease or oil.

It is not necessary that all the waste generated in the laboratory are hazardous. Some chemicals are safe to go in the trash or can be disposed down the sink. There are certain criteria that must be followed in order for materials to be put down the drain including low toxicity, high water solubility, and moderate PH. Only small quantities are allowed in the system at any given time and the chemicals must be degradable by the wastewater treatment.

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Mass spectra are used to identify the molecular weight of a compound and its fragmentation pattern. The peaks in a mass spectrum represent fragments of the compound, and the intensity of the peaks indicates the abundance of each fragment.

In this case, we know that isomer 1 has a methyl group on carbon 4, while isomer 2 has a methyl group on carbon 5. Therefore, we would expect to see differences in the fragmentation patterns of the two compounds that could be used to distinguish them.

One possible peak that could be used to distinguish the two isomers is the peak corresponding to the fragment containing the methyl group on carbon 4 in isomer 1. This peak would be absent or significantly reduced in the mass spectrum of isomer 2. Similarly, we would expect to see a peak corresponding to the fragment containing the methyl group on carbon 5 in isomer 2 that would be absent or reduced in the mass spectrum of isomer 1.

In conclusion, by comparing the mass spectra of the two isomers, we can identify peaks that occur in one isomer but not the other and use them to distinguish between the two isomers.

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The peak at m/z 57 occurs in isomer 1 but not in isomer 2, while the peak at m/z 71 occurs in isomer 2 but not in isomer 1.

In isomer 1, the peak at m/z 57 corresponds to the fragment produced by the loss of a methyl group (CH3) from the molecule, while in isomer 2, this peak is absent due to the position of the methyl group on carbon 5. On the other hand, in isomer 2, the peak at m/z 71 corresponds to the fragment produced by the loss of a methylene unit (CH2) from the molecule, while in isomer 1, this peak is absent due to the position of the methyl group on carbon 4.

Therefore, these two peaks can be used to distinguish between the two isomers in their mass spectra. Other peaks may also differ in intensity or location, but these two are the most significant in distinguishing between the two compounds.

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Answer:

The use and harm is:

use

1. used as a flavouring agent

2. used in production of car battery

used in the treatment of scurvy

harm

1. acids are caustic

2. vapours from some acid may damage the eye

3. is corrosive in nature

Answer:

It has been shown that acid rain has detrimental effects on trees, freshwaters and soils, destroys insects and aquatic life-forms, causes paint to peel, corrosion of steel structures such as bridges, and weathering of stone buildings and sculptures, as well as impacts on human health.

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Answer:

Water

Explanation:

An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water.

Answer:

Lithium chloride react with sulfuric acid to produce lithium hydrosulfate and hydrogen chloride. ... Lithium chloride - solid. This reaction takes place at a temperature near 50°C.

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Answer:

it changes in hydrogen chloride and sodium sulfate

Answer:

Wing length

Explanation:

According to the given excerpt, independent variable is 'wing length' and dependent variable is 'amount of time it takes for helicopter to hit the floor'.

Independent variable refers to the variable that do not undergo any change or shift in the course of the experiment of research. The other variables are measured using the constant independent variable. The value obtained from the independent variable is independent. On the other and, the dependent variable witnesses change with respect to the independent variable.

Mid-Atlantic region generalized New York State landscape region is drained by the Susquehenna River and its tributaries

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Answer:

Fe2+ is greater in size than Fe3+. Consider the electronic configuration of Fe2+[Ar] 3d6 and Fe3+[Ar] 3d5 (For comparison, Fe [Ar] 4s2 3d6). Fe3+ ionic radius is 63 pm, while Fe2+ has an ionic radius of 77 pm. ... This is because the outermost electron in the Fe2+ ion is pulled off to form Fe3+ ion.

Answer:

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Explanation:

a. The molar concentration of hydroxide ion in the solution is 10^(-5.44) mol/L.

b. Cr(OH)3(s) ⇌ Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq)

c. Ksp = [Cr3+][OH-]^3

Consider the equilibrium reaction for the dissociation of chromium (III) hydroxide in water and the expression for the solubility product constant (Ksp). Let's go step by step.

a. Calculate the molar concentration of hydroxide ion in the solution:

Since the pH of the solution is given, we can calculate the concentration of hydroxide ion ([OH-]) using the equation:

pOH = 14 - pH

pOH = 14 - 8.56 = 5.44

[OH-] = 10^(-pOH) = 10^(-5.44) mol/L

b. Write the equation for the dissociation of chromium (III) hydroxide in water and the corresponding Ksp expression:

The dissociation of chromium (III) hydroxide can be represented by the following equation:

Cr(OH)3(s) ⇌ Cr3+(aq) + 3OH-(aq)

The Ksp expression for chromium (III) hydroxide is:

Ksp = [Cr3+][OH-]^3

c. Calculate the value of Ksp for chromium (III) hydroxide:

To determine the value of Ksp, we need the concentration of the hydroxide ion ([OH-]) from part a. Since the concentration of chromium ions ([Cr3+]) is not provided, we cannot directly calculate Ksp without additional information.

d. Calculate the molar concentration of chromium ions at pH = 8.11:

To calculate the concentration of chromium ions ([Cr3+]), we need to know the equilibrium concentration of hydroxide ions ([OH-]) and use the Ksp expression. However, we don't have the concentration of [OH-] at pH 8.11, so we cannot calculate the molar concentration of chromium ions without additional information.

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C. All the water would reach an equilibrium temperature and heat would stop flowing.

When hot and cold water are mixed together, heat flows from hotter to colder until both reach a common temperature. This is because the molecules in the hotter water have more kinetic energy than those in the colder water, and so they transfer some of their energy to the colder water until both have the same amount of energy. Eventually, all the water in the mixture will reach the same temperature, and heat transfer will stop. Therefore, the end result of mixing hot and cold water would be that all the water would reach an equilibrium temperature and heat would stop flowing.

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The statement you provided refers to the determination of the van't Hoff factor (i) for strong electrolytes. The van't Hoff factor represents the number of ions produced per mole of solute dissolved in a solution.

For example, when calcium chloride (CaCl2) dissolves, it dissociates into three ions: one Ca2+ ion and two Cl- ions. Therefore, the van't Hoff factor (i) for CaCl2 is 3 because it produces three ions per mole of solute dissolved.

Similarly, when ammonium phosphate (NH4)3PO4 dissolves, it dissociates into four ions: three NH4+ ions and one PO43- ion. Thus, the van't Hoff factor (i) for (NH4)3PO4 is 4 because it yields four ions per mole of solute dissolved.

The van't Hoff factor is essential in various calculations related to colligative properties, such as boiling point elevation and freezing point depression, where it is used to account for the number of particles in solution.

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Answer:

3

Explanation:

thermodynamics has three fundamental laws

1st Law of Thermodynamics - Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics - For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases.

3rd Law of Thermodynamics - A perfect crystal at zero Kelvin has zero entropy.

A Scientist test a small section of a carrot root to determine the type of molecules were present. the results showed that the molecule contained carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen . the option d is correct (d) both (a) and (c)

(a)the molecule are a type of carbohydrate (c) the carrot contains some type of sugar.

Carrot is one of the important root vegetable rich in bioactive compounds. carbohydrates are made up of carbon , hydrogen and oxygen. carbohydrates are sugar molecules. The main three carbohydrates : sugar , starches and fiber. The carrot vegetable we eat is the taproot of carrot plant. The sucrose is major transport and storage sugar but it convert into starch. Carbohydrates provides energy for living things.

Thus, A Scientist test a small section of a carrot root to determine the type of molecules were present. the results showed that the molecule contained carbon , hydrogen , and oxygen . the option d is correct (d) both (a) and( c)

(a)the molecule are a type of carbohydrate

(c) the carrot contains some type of sugar.

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36.2L of N2 can be produced.

1st) According to the stoichiometry of the reaction, 2 moles of NaN3 produce 3 moles of N2. Using the molar mass of NaN3 (65.0g/mol ) and N2 (28.0g/mol) we can convert the moles to mass, and we can see that with 130.0g of NaN3 we can produce 84.0g of N2.

Now, we can use a mathematical rule of three to calculate the grams of N2 that can be produced from 71.0g of NaN3:

So, 45.9g of N2 are produced from 71.0g of NaN3.

2nd) It is necessary to convert the grams of N2 produced to moles, so we can use it in the Ideal gas equation:

Now we know that 1.6mol of N2 are produced.

3rd) To calculate the volume of N2, it is necessary to use the Ideal gas equation and replace the values of Pressure (P), Temperature (T, in Kelvin) and Number of moles (n):

Finally, 36.2L of N2 can be produced from 71.0g of NaN3.

The mass (in grams) of ammonia, NH₃ needed to make 1.25 L solution with a pH of 11.68 is 0.102 grams

First, we shall determine the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution. Details below:

pH of a solution is given by the following formula:

pOH = -Log  [OH⁻]

Inputting the various parameters, we have

2.32 = -Log  [OH⁻]

Multiply through by -1

-2.32 = Log [OH⁻]

Take the anti-log of -2.32

[OH⁻] = Anti-log -2.32

[OH⁻] = 0.0048 M

Next, we shall determine the molarity of the ammonia. Details below:

NH₃(aq) + H₂O <=> NH₄⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)

From the above equation,

1 mole of OH⁻ is present in 1 mole of NH₃

Therefore,

0.0048 M OH⁻ will also be present in 0.0048 M NH₃

Next, we shall determine the mole of ammonia. Details below:

Molarity = Mole / Volume

Cross multiply

Mole of ammonia = molarity × volume

Mole of ammonia = 0.0048 × 1.25

Mole of ammonia = 0.006 mole

Finally, we shall determine the mass of ammonia needed. Details below:

Mass = Mole × molar mass

Mass of ammonia = 0.006 × 17

Mass of ammonia = 0.102 grams

Therefore, the mass of ammonia needed is 0.102 grams

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Answer: C

Na + O2 →Na2O

Explanation:

A

MgCO3→MgO + CO2 balanced

B

NaCl + KI →NaI + KCl balanced

C

Na + O2 →Na2O not balanced the balanced would be 4Na + O2 →2Na2O

D

Ca + MgSO4→CaSO4+ Mg balanced

Answer:

B. Dispose of pH paper in the trash.

C. Dump the cabbage indicator solution down the drain.

D. Ask your teacher to neutralize the acids and bases before disposal.

Explanation:

Safe disposal of waste means disposal of waste in such a way that it does not pose a threat to the environment.

When pH paper is properly disposed in the trash, it does not constitute any risk to the environment.

When a cabbage indicator solution is disposed down the drain it does not contaminate the environment. It moves directly into the sewers and is properly disposed.

When acids and bases are properly neutralized before disposal, they don't lead to acid or base contamination of the environment.

The substrate haloalkane is a primary ( unhindered ) haloalkane. The Nucleophile is a weakly basic nucleophile, and the solvent is protic.

The term "haloalkanes" refers to alkanes with one or more halogen substituents. Although the distinction is not always acknowledged, they are a subset of the larger class of halocarbons. Commercial application of haloalkanes is widespread.

Polar liquid molecules with dissociable hydrogen atoms are known as aprotic solvents. Polar liquid substances with no dissociable hydrogen atoms are known as aprotic solvents. The creation of hydrogen bonds is possible in aprotic liquids. In aprotic solvents, hydrogen bonds cannot form.

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0.0329 grams of aluminum can form by passing 353 c through an electrolytic cell containing a molten aluminum salt

AL^3+ + 3A^-   = AL

3 moles of e- = 1 mole AL

3 faraday e- =  1 mole AL

3 * 96485  c = 1 mole AL

1 c = (1 / 3*96485)*27 g

353c = 353*27 / 3*96485 g

        = 0.0329 g of AL

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Answer:

Explanation:

Your answer is C

Answer:

Larger predators would cause the rabbit to run faster to outrun their predator, so speed is a variation. Also their environment where they might need to blend in with their surroundings so skin color.

Answer:

The first thing we have to do is change and state all the units so that we can use our ideal gas law equation (\(PV = nRT\)).

650 mmHg is a pressure unit, we have to convert this to kiloPascals. We know that 760 mmHg gives us 101 kPa.

\(650 \ mmHg \ * \ \frac{101kPa}{760 mmHg} = 86 \ kPa\)

P = 86kPa

T = 15°C + 273K = 288K

R (Gas constant) = 8.31 kj/mol  

Molar mass of Ammonia (\(NH_{3}\)) = (1 x 3) + (14) = 17g/mol

n (moles) = \(\frac{mass}{molar \ mass}\) \(= \frac{56.8}{17} =\) 3.34 mol

V = ?

Rearrange the equation to solve for Volume:

\(V = \frac{nRT}{P}\)

Substitute the values inside:

V = \(\frac{(3.34)(8.31)(288)}{(86)} = 93 L (rounded)\)

Therefore 93 L of volume is occupied by the ammonia gas.

The Avrami equation is a mathematical model used to describe the kinetics of certain types of transformations, such as phase transformations in materials. The equation takes the form of a power law, where the extent of transformation is related to the time of the reaction and a parameter called "n". For the given transformation, it is known that n has a value of 1.5.

To determine the total time required for the transformation to reach 90% completion, we can use the Avrami equation and the information that the reaction is 25% complete after 125 seconds. From the equation, we know that:

X = 1 - exp(-(kt)^n)

where X is the extent of transformation, k is the rate constant, t is time, and n is the Avrami parameter. Solving for k, we get:

k = (ln(1/(1-X)))^(1/n) / t

Substituting X = 0.9 (90% completion) and n = 1.5, we can solve for k. Then, we can use k and the initial extent of transformation (X=0.25) to solve for the total time required for 90% completion:

t = ((ln(1/(1-0.9)))^(1/1.5) - (ln(1/(1-0.25)))^(1/1.5)) / k

The resulting value of t will give us the total time required for the transformation to go from 25% to 90% completion.

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Answer:

The correct answer is from areas of high concentration to low concentration.

Explanation:

A concentration gradient exists for these molecules, so they have the potential to diffuse into (or out of) the cell by moving down it.

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The melting point of ice of common salt that is compound of NaCl is -2°C due to freezing point depression.

Compound is defined as a chemical substance made up of identical molecules containing atoms from more than one type of chemical element.

Molecule consisting atoms of only one element is not called compound.It is transformed into new substances during chemical reactions. There are four major types of compounds depending on chemical bonding present in them.They are:

1)Molecular compounds where in atoms are joined by covalent bonds.

2) ionic compounds where atoms are joined by ionic bond.

3)Inter-metallic compounds where atoms are held by metallic bonds

4) co-ordination complexes where atoms are held by co-ordinate bonds.

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The electricity generated that powers the watch by zinc in the battery combines with oxygen in the air, zinc oxide forms reaction is a product.

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Answer:

sorry i can't figure out the exact answer but i think it is 2amu if it is wrong again i'm so sorry

Explanation:

Hydrogen has three isotopes, which include hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium with atomic masses of about 1 amu, 2 amu, and 3 amu. Then the average atomic mass will be 2 amu. Thus option b is correct.

Isotopes are defined as a variation of an element that posses same atomic number but different atomic mass.

Isotopes has nearly same chemical behavior by different physical properties.
It can also be defined as the variant of chemical elements that posses same number of protons and electrons but different number of neutrons.

Radioactive isotopes are used in agriculture, food processing, pest control, archaeology and medicines.

Thus, Hydrogen has three isotopes, which include hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium with atomic masses of about 1 amu, 2 amu, and 3 amu. Then the average atomic mass will be 2 amu. Thus option b is correct.

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Your question is incomplete but probably your fell question was

Hydrogen has three isotopes, which include hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium with atomic masses of about 1 amu, 2 amu, and 3 amu, respectively. Considering the average atomic mass of hydrogen that appears on the Periodic Table, which statement is correct?

a. 1.5 amu

b. 2 amu

c. 3 amu

d. 1.01 amu