Describe the characteristics of the five groups of pathogenic microorganisms.
Answers
There are five basic categories of pathogenic organisms: bacteria, fungus, viruses, protozoa, and worms.
What is a pathogenic microorganism?
An organism that can infect a host with sickness is known as a pathogenic organism.
When they interact with their hosts, pathogenic microorganisms have the potential to infect or afflict them with diseases. In order to establish infections, virulence factors exacerbate the host's defense mechanisms. The pathogenicity of bacteria is determined by the nature and type of virulence factors.
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Related Questions
The genetic code was originally deciphered, in part, by experiments in which synthetic polynucleotides with repeating sequences were used as mRNAs to direct protein synthesis in cell-free extracts. Under these conditions, ribosomes could be made to start translation anywhere within the RNA molecules, with no start codon necessary. What peptide would be made by translation from a synthetic mRNA made entirely of adenine (poly-A)?
Answers
Answer:
A polymer composed of lysine (K) amino acids
Explanation:
During translation, the information encoded in each triplet of nucleotide bases, or codon, in the mRNA sequence is used to specify a particular amino acid of the nascent polypeptide chain. In this case, the AAA codon encodes the basic amino acid lysine (K), and therefore an mRNA sequence composed of polyadenine (polyA) will invariably produce a polymer of lysine (K) amino acids.
you continue to observe the neurons from the previous couple of questions. assume that neuron z has a resting membrane potential of -65 mv. if only neuron y fires an action potential (and neuron x does not), what type of response would you observe in the membrane potential of neuron z?
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The voltage-gated sodium channels begin to function after the cell is hyperpolarized (below -65 mV, the resting membrane potential). The action potential was induced in the PN by depolarizing it to 40 mV, and the EPSP was captured at 65 mV.
Slower to open voltage-gated potassium channels are now opening in the membrane as the membrane potential hits +30 mV. On K+, an electrochemical gradient also has an effect. The membrane potential starts to return to its resting voltage as K+ begins to depart the cell, carrying a positive charge with it. A neuron's resting membrane potential is approximately -70 mV (mV is millivolts); hence, the interior of the neuron is 70 mV negative of the exterior.
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Shamus complains that he isn’t feeling well, he thinks a cold/flu is coming on. He takes cold medicine and lays down. In an hour or two, he decides the medication isn’t working, so he takes another dose, thinking more will work better. Shamus takes one more dose of cold medication, 3 hours after his second dose and finally settles down for bed. In the morning, Shamus is found dead in his bed by his roommate.
Answer in terms of livor and rigor, what stages and where in the body is it present
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Answer:
The common cold and the flu may seem very similar at first. They are indeed both respiratory illnesses and can cause similar symptoms. However, different viruses cause these two conditions, and your symptoms will gradually help you differentiate between the two.
Both a cold and the flu share a few common symptoms. People with either illness often experience:
a runny or stuffy nose
sneezing
body aches
general fatigue.
As a rule, flu symptoms are more severe than cold symptoms. Another distinct difference between the two is how serious they are. Colds rarely cause additional health conditions or problems. The flu, however, can lead to sinus and ear infections, pneumonia, and sepsis. To determine whether your symptoms are from a cold or from the flu, you need to see your doctor. Your doctor will run tests that can help determine what’s behind your symptoms. If your doctor diagnoses a cold, you’ll likely only need to treat your symptoms until the virus has had a chance to run its course. These treatments can include using over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications, staying hydrated, and getting plenty of rest.If you have the flu, you may benefit from taking an OTC flu medicine early in the virus’ cycle. Rest and hydration are also very beneficial for people with the flu. Much like the common cold, the flu just needs time to work its way through your body.
Explanation:
plant cell walls contain... select one: a. cellulose b. chitin c. starch d. lipopolysaccharides
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Answer: A. Is the correct option.
Explanation: According to some research is states, "The cell wall is composed of a network of cellulose microfibrils and cross-linking glycans embedded in a highly cross-linked matrix of pectin polysaccharides" So this should be the right answer....
Plant cell walls contain cellulose. The correct option is A). Plant cell walls are complex structures that provide support and protection to plant cells. The primary component of plant cell walls is cellulose, a polysaccharide made up of glucose molecules. Cellulose is a major structural component of the cell wall and is responsible for its rigidity and strength.
Step-by-step explanation:
1. Plant cell walls: Plant cells have an outer covering called the cell wall, which surrounds the cell membrane.
2. Composition of plant cell walls: The main component of plant cell walls is cellulose, which is a type of polysaccharide. Cellulose is composed of long chains of glucose molecules linked together.
3. Role of cellulose: Cellulose provides strength and rigidity to the cell wall, allowing it to withstand mechanical stresses and maintain the shape of the cell. It gives the cell wall its structural integrity.
4. Other components: While cellulose is the primary component, plant cell walls may also contain other compounds such as hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and proteins. These components contribute to the overall structure and function of the cell wall.
5. Chitin, starch, and lipopolysaccharides: Chitin is a structural polysaccharide found in the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods but is not present in plant cell walls. Starch is a storage polysaccharide found in plant cells but is not a major component of the cell wall. Lipopolysaccharides are complex molecules found in the outer membrane of certain bacteria and are not present in plant cell walls.
6. Importance of cell wall composition: The composition of plant cell walls plays a crucial role in determining the physical properties of plant tissues, such as their flexibility, strength, and resistance to pathogens. The presence of cellulose as the main component is vital for the proper functioning and structure of plant cells.
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you are studying the entry of a small molecule into cultured animal cells. you determine the rate of movement across the membrane under a variety of conditions and make the following observations: the molecules can move in either direction across the membrane. the molecules always move down their concentration gradient. when atp synthesis is the cell is inhibited, transport of the molecule is not affected. when protein synthesis is inhibited, transport of the molecule is reduced. the mechanism used to get this molecule across the membrane is most likely:
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Since there are more tiny molecules outside the cell than inside, the concentration is higher outside. Because particles move randomly, molecules typically flow in both directions through the membrane.
What is cell membrane?Selective permeability is a key property of the membrane that effectively transmits molecules through the membrane. Some specific materials, but not all, can flow through biological membranes thanks to this distinctive property.The structure of the cell membrane makes it semi-permeable (only allows some molecules inside the cell to pass through). The selective permeability of the cell membrane is due to the phospolipid bilayer, which contains some protein. Phospholipid is arranged in two sheets to form the cell membrane.The transport of substances into and out of cells is regulated by the cell membrane, which is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. The cell membrane's primary job is to shield the cell from its environment. It is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins incorporated into it.To learn more about cell membrane refer to:
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Into what two groups are most things in the world divided?
Answers
Answer:
Groups
Explanation:
Answer:
Living and non-living things are the biggest gap besides class separation.
This question was also featured on Chapter 2 Lesson 1 Flashcards.
QUICKLY HELP! resubmitted
fill in the space
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Answer:
eggs
Explanation:
Place the brain waves in order from fastest to slowest (hint: greek names).
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Answer:
it’s a
Explanation:
2. Which describes reproduction in seabirds?
a. ovoviviparous, giving birth at sea
b. oviparous, laving eggs in nests on land
C. viviparous, giving birth on land
d. viviparous, giving birth at sea
Answer: B
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Answer:
I thnk it is d
Explanation:
Small hydrophilic molecules are transported through a cell membrane by
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which of the following aid an example of a trade-off?
A) scientific information
B) scientific information put into policy
C) all the benefits that come from scientific endeavors
B) something sacrificed in order to gain something else
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Answer:
c_all the benefits that comes from scientific endeavors
I will mark you as brainlest if you answer right color blindness (due to a mutation on the x chromosome,a person can't see certain colors (positive or negative or neutral
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Answer:
Negative
Explanation:
The mutation that causes color blindness is negative for many reasons. First off, not being able to see color can cause you to not be able to do certain things in life. For example driving, if you can't see the correct colors to know when to stop or go, you can't safely drive. There are also some jobs where colors are important. Such as jobs that have to do with fixing colored wire. It's also bad because of how it takes away one of our senses and holds us back from seeing things and completeness. People who are colorblind can not truly experience the world like a person who can see color can.
Select the components that comprise the first line defense mechanisms. Check all that apply. a.Physical barriers b.Complement c.Chemical defenses such as lysozyme and HCI d.Inflammation e.Resident microbiota f.Body functions such as sneezing, urinating, coug
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The components that comprise the first line defense mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes,
chemical defenses such as lysozyme and HCI, resident microbiota, and body functions such as sneezing, urinating, coughing, and vomiting.
These mechanisms work together to prevent pathogens from entering the body or to eliminate them before they can cause harm. Inflammation can also be considered a first line defense mechanism, as it is a response to tissue damage or infection and can help to contain and eliminate pathogens.
Overall, these mechanisms form an important part of the body's overall defense against disease and infection.
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Adding or removing a single atom will turn a molecule into a molecule of a different substance. How is combining atoms to form a molecule like mixing ingredients for a recipe? pick the correct option.
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Adding or removing a single atom can turn a molecule into a molecule of a different substance, just as adding or removing a single ingredient can change the nature of a recipe. In both cases, the combination of atoms or ingredients determines the characteristics of the final product, such as its chemical or physical properties, taste, or texture.
Just as a recipe specifies the quantities and types of ingredients that should be combined to produce a desired dish, the chemical formula of a molecule specifies the quantities and types of atoms that should be combined to produce a particular molecule. For example, the chemical formula for water, H2O, indicates that two hydrogen atoms should be combined with one oxygen atom to produce a molecule of water.
In the same way that a chef must carefully measure and mix the ingredients in a recipe to produce the desired outcome, a chemist must carefully control the quantities and types of atoms that are combined to produce a particular molecule. Changing the quantities or types of atoms in a molecule, or the quantities or types of ingredients in a recipe, can alter the properties of the final product.
Overall, combining atoms to form a molecule is similar to mixing ingredients for a recipe in that both processes involve the careful combination of specific quantities and types of components to produce a desired outcome.
which molecules does a plant need to make glucose in the process of photosynthesis?choose all correct answers.
Answers
Answer:
water and carbon dioxide into glucose ....
Explanation:
During photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) from the air and soil.
1.photosynthesis
2.chlorophyll
3.sun light
4.carbon dioxide
Plants need several molecules to make glucose during the process of photosynthesis. The correct answers include:
Carbon dioxide (CO2): Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air through small openings called stomata on their leaves.
Water (H2O): Plants absorb water from the soil through their roots and transport it to their leaves.
Sunlight: The energy from sunlight is captured by chlorophyll, a pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells, and is used to power the photosynthesis process.
Chlorophyll: Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plant cells that absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy, which is used to make glucose.
Therefore, the correct answer is (1) Carbon dioxide, (2) Water, (3) Sunlight, and (4) Chlorophyl
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¿ la masa de un reactivo era diferente a la de otro?
Answers
Use the drop-down menus to identify the labeled
organelles in the plant cell
to the right.
Label A
Label B
Label C
Label D
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This labeled diagram of a plant cell is an example of cellular anatomy.
Identify the labeled organelles in the plant cell?Label A: Chloroplast – Chloroplasts are a type of organelle found in plant cells. They are responsible for photosynthesis, which is the process of converting light energy from the sun into chemical energy. Chloroplasts are typically green due to the presence of chlorophyll, which absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis. Label B: Endoplasmic Reticulum – The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in both plant and animal cells. It is composed of a network of interconnected tubules and vesicles. The ER functions in the transport of molecules within the cell, as well as playing a role in protein synthesis and the folding of proteins. Label C: Mitochondria – Mitochondria are organelles found in both plant and animal cells. They are responsible for the production of energy, which is known as cellular respiration. During cellular respiration, oxygen and sugars are used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the energy currency of the cell. Label D: Vacuole – Vacuoles are membrane-bound organelles found in both plant and animal cells. They are responsible for storing and transporting materials within the cell, as well as maintaining osmotic balance. Plant cells typically contain large vacuoles, which play an important role in providing support for the cell and enabling it to maintain its shape.
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This is the contamination of an environment beyond natural correction.
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Answer:
Pollution.
Explanation:
Can someone please help me
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2. 1.600 animals
3. Black line represents moose/predator
4. 1.800 animals
5. Can't read
6. Can't read
7. Stable
bacteria are quite diverse with respect to what they can use as nitrogen sources. bacteria require nitrogen for the synthesis of
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Bacteria are quite diverse with respect to what they can use as nitrogen sources. They require nitrogen for the synthesis of nucleic acids, proteins, and other biomolecules. Some bacteria can utilize atmospheric nitrogen gas (N2) through the process of nitrogen fixation, while others can use nitrogen compounds such as nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3), or amino acids as nitrogen sources. Additionally, some bacteria can recycle nitrogen from organic matter through the process of ammonification. Overall, the diverse abilities of bacteria to use different nitrogen sources play an important role in the global nitrogen cycle.
Amino acids, nucleotides, and other important biomolecules. Some bacteria can use atmospheric nitrogen (N2) as a nitrogen source, while others rely on organic nitrogen compounds such as amino acids, nucleotides, and peptides.
Some bacteria can break down complex organic nitrogen compounds such as proteins, chitin, and urea to obtain the nitrogen they need. For example, some soil bacteria such as Azotobacter and Rhizobium can fix atmospheric nitrogen and convert it into organic nitrogen compounds that can be used by other organisms in the ecosystem.
Other bacteria can use inorganic nitrogen compounds such as ammonium (NH4+) and nitrate (NO3-) as nitrogen sources. Some bacteria can even use nitrogen oxides, such as nitrite (NO2-) and nitric oxide (NO), as nitrogen sources.
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The products in our society that contribute the most waste are those that are _____.
Answers
Answer:
disposable
Explanation:
Biodegradable products do not really present any problems because they can decompose on their own, thus they do not create any pollution. Aluminum is not as dangerous to the environment as plastics, for example.
Match each source of stem cells with the appropriate description.
capable of self-renewal and differentiation
adult (somatic) stem cells
capable of self-renewal only
embryonic stem cells
capable of self-renewal and limited
differentiation
stem cells from amniotic fluid
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The matching of each source of stem cells with the appropriate description is as follows:
Stem cells from amniotic fluid: capable of self-renewal and limited differentiation.Adult (somatic) stem cells: capable of self-renewal only.Embryonic stem cells: capable of self-renewal and differentiation. What are Stem cells?Stem cells may be defined as those cells which have the potential to develop any cell form in the body. They are competent for self-renewal as well as the determination and differentiation of each cell to a specific type.
Therefore, the matching of each source of stem cells with the appropriate description is mentioned above.
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How are electric circuits important in our daily lives
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Electric circuits play an integral role in our daily lives by providing power to a wide range of devices and systems.
From lighting our homes to powering our smartphones, electric circuits are essential for the functioning of many modern technologies. Electrical circuits are used to provide power to kitchen appliances such as refrigerators, ovens, and microwaves. They also power computers, televisions, air conditioners, and heating systems. Electric circuits are also used in transportation, such as electric cars and trains. Without electric circuits, many of the conveniences we rely on in our daily lives would not exist.
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In a bird egg the developing embryo is inside the amnion, which contains fluid. The embryo gets nourishment from the yolk. The chorion lines the inside of the shell and helps protect the embryo. What structures in a human provide the same functions as these structures in the bird egg?
Answers
Answer: Placenta
Explanation:
Placenta is the outer protective envelope around the developing embryo. It is attached with the lining of the uterus. It has a permeable membrane which allows the entry of oxygen and nutrients to be supplied to the embryo. It helps in getting rid of harmful substances like carbon dioxide and waste from the developing fetus body.
1. Name the steps of an experiment (in the correct order) by which you can test the following hypothesis: "It is possible to detect A-to-1 edits on mRNA by means of DNA sequencing". 2. Provide an electropherogram (picture) of the DNA sequencing results for the mRNA sequence 5'GCGCUCAGGC3' for: 2.1. The wild type sequence. 2.2. The edited sequence following ADAR -mediated modification.
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To test the hypothesis that A-to-I edits on mRNA can be detected using DNA sequencing, a series of experimental steps can be undertaken. The steps are Sample Collection and RNA Extraction, cDNA Synthesis, PCR Amplification, and DNA Sequencing and analysis.
Firstly, samples containing the mRNA of interest need to be collected, and RNA extraction should be performed to isolate the RNA molecules. Next, reverse transcription can be employed to convert the RNA into cDNA. PCR amplification can then be conducted to selectively amplify the cDNA fragments of the target mRNA sequence.
The amplified fragments can be subjected to DNA sequencing, utilizing a suitable method capable of accurately detecting nucleotide changes like A-to-I edits.
Finally, the obtained sequencing data can be analyzed to identify and assess the presence of A-to-I edits, thereby determining the validity of the hypothesis.
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How many possible connections are there among the neurons of the brain?
(A) about 500 million
(B) about 500 trillion
(C) about 5 billion
(D) about 50 trillion.
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The number of possible connections among the neurons of the brain is about 500 trillion (B).
Neurons are specialized cells that process and transmit information in the brain. Each neuron is connected to other neurons through synapses, which are the sites of communication between neurons. The number of possible connections between neurons in the brain is incredibly large.
According to estimates, the human brain has about 100 billion neurons, and each neuron can form connections with up to 10,000 other neurons. This means that the total number of possible connections in the brain is about 1 quadrillion (10^15).
However, not all possible connections are formed in the brain, and the actual number of connections is estimated to be around 150 trillion (10^14). Therefore, the correct answer to the question is an option (B) about 500 trillion.
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Which of the following would probably be the most effective choice for a speech topic? a. Molecular biology b. The history of democracy c. Zoology in the Australian outback d. The migration habits of Tasmanian wombats.
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The most effective choice for a speech topic would probably be b. The history of democracy.
When considering the effectiveness of a speech topic, it is important to choose a subject that is engaging, relevant, and has broad appeal to the audience. While topics such as molecular biology, zoology in the Australian outback, and the migration habits of Tasmanian wombats may be interesting to certain audiences, they are more specialized and may not capture the attention of a general audience. On the other hand, the history of democracy is a topic that has universal significance, as it explores the development, principles, and impact of democracy throughout history. It offers a wide range of potential subtopics and can generate meaningful discussions and reflections on the value and challenges of democratic systems.
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clarify how the tasmanian devil is different from other fauna native to Australia
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Image result for clarify how the tasmanian devil is different from other fauna native to Australia
The Tasmanian devil is named for the Australian island-state of Tasmania, its only native habitat. ... Vaguely bearlike in appearance and weighing up to 12 kg (26 pounds), it is 50 to 80 cm (20 to 31 inches) long and has a bushy tail about half that length.
camouflage tends to ""hide"" objects because it breaks up which perceptual pattern? question 38 options: a) common region b) contiguity c) figure-ground d) closure
Answers
Camouflage tends to "hide" objects because it breaks up the perceptual pattern of figure-ground.
What is camouflage?
Camouflage is a technique used to make an animal or object indistinguishable from the surrounding environment, to deceive predators or prey, and to avoid detection or capture. As a result, the animal or object is hidden from sight, making it more difficult to detect. The term "camouflage" is derived from the French word "camoufler," which means "to hide or mask."
What is a perceptual pattern?
A perceptual pattern is the way an individual's brain organizes sensory information to create a meaningful experience of the world around them. These perceptual patterns are influenced by a variety of factors, including context, expectation, experience, and attention. To create a perceptual pattern, the brain must filter out irrelevant information and organize the remaining information into a meaningful whole.
What is a figure-ground pattern?
The figure-ground pattern is a visual pattern in which the eye distinguishes between an object or figure (the focal point) and its surrounding background (the ground). The figure is typically the focus of the viewer's attention, while the ground is perceived as the background against which the figure is displayed.
What happens when camouflage breaks up the figure-ground pattern?
Camouflage works by breaking up the figure-ground pattern, making it more difficult for the eye to distinguish between the object and its surroundings. This makes it more difficult for predators or prey to detect the animal or object and therefore increases its chances of survival.
So, the answer is option (c) figure-ground.
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Which hypothesis is based on this research question
Answers
Answer:
I think it is D
Explanation:
I think the left side got more sunshine than the right side because the sun arise from East to west so left side are more larger than right side.