Epithelia are tissues that cover and line the surfaces of organs and other structures in the body made up of tightly packed cells that are held together by special junctions.
What are the anatomical adaptations?Polarity: Epithelial cells are polarized, meaning that they have different surfaces. The apical surface is the surface that faces the outside of the body or the lumen of an organ. The basal surface is the surface that faces the underlying tissue. The polarity of epithelial cells allows them to transport substances from one side of the cell to the other.
Attachment junctions: Epithelial cells are attached to each other by a variety of junctions, including tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes. These junctions help to hold the cells together and prevent them from separating.
Secretory cells: Many epithelial tissues contain secretory cells, which produce and release substances such as mucus, enzymes, and hormones. These substances help to protect the body, digest food, and regulate hormones.
Receptive cells: Some epithelial tissues contain receptive cells, which are able to detect changes in the environment. These cells can detect changes in temperature, pressure, and chemicals. They can also detect light and sound.
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of
Which molecule has an
anticodon that is
complementary to the codon?
A. DNA
me
B. tRNA
RNA
C. mRNA
D. mitochondria
Answer:
tRNA
Explanation:
The anticodon is located in the Anticodon arm of the molecule of tRNA, while the codons are located in the molecule of DNA and mRNA. The anticodon is complementary to the respective codon, and the codon in the mRNA is complementary to a nucleotide triplet from a certain gene in the DNA.
Answer:
B. tRNA
Explanation:
Why are scientists and governments working to save shark populations? What are some solutions they are testing? What else do you think would help?
Answer: The shark population is slowly but surely decreasing
Explanation:
There will be sharp increase in the natality rate in sharks which alert the government so they will be not come under endangered species.
What is endangered species?A species considered to be facing a very high risk of extinction in the wild is called endangered species.
There are some solution has been tested by the scientist so that they can find that what makes increase in natality rate, incase if there is toxic chemical or anything in water. Ban of shark fishier will also help in shark conservation.
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Categorize each characteristic of nucleotide synthesis as describing either de novo pathways or salvage pathways. De novo pathways Salvage pathways Answer Bank require less ATP reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds produce carbamoyl phosphate or 5-phosphoribosylamine
De novo pathways are assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds, produce carbamoyl phosphate or 5-phosphoribosylamine, and Salvage pathways are reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides
A nucleotide is a molecule that contains a sugar molecule, a nitrogenous base, and one or more phosphate groups. Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA and RNA, and they play a significant role in cellular metabolism. The de novo and salvage pathways are the two major pathways for nucleotide biosynthesis. De novo pathways synthesize nucleotides from simple precursor molecules, while salvage pathways reuse preformed nucleotide bases and attach them to ribose sugars. ATP is used extensively in de novo pathways, whereas salvage pathways require less ATP.
In addition, de novo pathways assemble nucleotide bases from simple precursor compounds, whereas salvage pathways reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides.The pathway for de novo synthesis of pyrimidines begins with carbamoyl phosphate formation, whereas purines are synthesized from 5-phosphoribosylamine (PRA) in purine biosynthesis. Salvage pathways reincorporate preformed bases into nucleotides. This saves energy since the energy-intensive steps required for de novo synthesis are avoided.
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What is the function of the urethra?
Answer:
My answer would be "It delivers urine from the bladder to the outside world".
HURRY PLEASE!!!
If you change the difference in lag times of P and S waves from 00:01:50 to 00:04:00,
how does that change the distance of the earthquake to the seismic station?
The farther a seismic station is from the earthquake epicenter the greater will be the difference in time of arrival between the P and S wave.
As the P and S waves journey out from an earthquake the P waves get regularly farther ahead of the S waves. therefore, the farther a seismic station is from the earthquake epicenter the more may be the distinction in time of arrival between the P and S wave.
The distinctive waves every travel at different speeds and therefore arrive at a seismic station at specific times. P waves tour the fastest, so they arrive first. S waves, which tour at approximately half the rate of P waves, arrive later.
P and S waves may be used to discover the epicenter of an earthquake. Since P waves are faster than S waves, the larger the appearance time distinction between the 2 waves is, the farther that location is from the epicenter.
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Which cell has both a cell wall and a cell membrane?
please answer quickly its urgent
Answer:
Plant Cell
contains both
which three characteristics are typical of a bacterial genome?
Three typical characteristics of a bacterial genome include being circular, haploid, and containing a single chromosome.
Bacterial genomes often exhibit a circular structure. Unlike the linear structure of genomes in eukaryotic organisms, bacterial genomes form a closed loop. This circular arrangement allows for efficient replication and transcription of the genetic material. This haploid nature simplifies the genetic analysis of bacterial traits since there is no need to account for multiple alleles or gene interactions. Bacteria generally possess a single chromosome, which contains the majority of their genetic information. While there are exceptions where certain bacteria may have additional smaller chromosomes or plasmids, the primary genomic material is usually contained within a single chromosome. This chromosome carries the essential genes required for bacterial survival and reproduction. These three characteristics—circularity, haploidy, and a single chromosome—provide bacterial genomes with compact and efficient genetic structures that facilitate their adaptation to various environments and rapid reproduction.
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which organ system is responsible for protecting the body from contaminants that can make it ill?
The organ system responsible for protecting the body from contaminants that can make it ill is the immune system. The immune system is a complex network of organs, tissues, cells, and molecules that work together to defend the body against harmful pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
The immune system recognizes and responds to foreign substances, known as antigens, and activates an immune response to eliminate them. It includes specialized cells, such as white blood cells (leukocytes), antibodies, vessels, lymph nodes, the thymus, bone marrow, and the spleen.
The immune system plays a crucial role in identifying and destroying pathogens, neutralizing toxins, and eliminating infected or abnormal cells to maintain the overall health and well-being of the body.
It serves as a primary defense mechanism against contaminants that can cause illness and helps in maintaining the body's homeostasis.
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The human body is protected from contaminants and illnesses primarily by the Integumentary System and the Immune System. The Integumentary System forms a physical barrier, while the Immune System, which includes the innate and adaptive immune systems, combats pathogens specifically. Mucosal Immune System and organs like kidneys, liver, and spleen that filter blood also contribute to the body's defense.
Explanation:The human body is protected from contaminants and foreign substances that can cause illness primarily by two organ systems: the Integumentary System and the Immune System. The Integumentary System, which includes the skin, hair, and nails, essentially serves as the body's first line of defense against external contaminants. It forms a protective barrier that prevents harmful microorganisms and toxins from entering the body.
On the other hand, the Immune System comprises various structures and cells that work in a more advanced level to protect the body from pathogens. It is further divided into the innate and adaptive immune systems. The innate immune system includes physical barriers and internal defenses that respond to all pathogens, while the adaptive immune system responds specifically to certain pathogens based on memory from previous exposures.
Mucosal surfaces, like the nasal passages, also contribute to the body's protection as first contact points for inhaled or ingested pathogens, which are part of the Mucosal Immune System. Also, organs like the kidneys, liver, and spleen play vital roles by filtering the blood of microorganisms and waste products. These mechanisms collaboratively work to maintain a healthy, disease-free body.
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In external respiration, oxygen diffuses down a partial pressure gradient. The PO2 in the alveoli is ______ mm Hg, while the PO2 in the blood is ______ mm Hg. Multiple choice question.
In external respiration, oxygen moves from the alveoli in the lungs to the blood vessels in the surrounding capillaries. This movement occurs through diffusion, which means that oxygen moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
The partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in the alveoli is typically around 104 mm Hg, which is much higher than the PO2 in the blood vessels (which is around 40 mm Hg).
When oxygen diffuses down this partial pressure gradient, it moves from the alveoli into the capillaries, where it binds to hemoglobin and is transported throughout the body. This process is essential for providing the body's cells with the oxygen they need to carry out cellular respiration and produce ATP.
In addition to oxygen, other gases such as carbon dioxide also move through diffusion in the opposite direction, from the blood vessels to the alveoli. This is necessary for removing waste products from the body.
Overall, external respiration is a complex process that requires precise coordination between the lungs, heart, and circulatory system. By understanding the principles of partial pressure and diffusion, we can better appreciate the amazing biological processes that enable us to breathe and live.
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How do the nonvascular plants reproduce?
Answer:
hope its help you stay happy
what structural characteristic ensures a slow flow of lymph through a lymph node? why is this desirable? add answer 10 pts
The structural characteristic that ensures a slow flow of lymph through a lymph node is the presence of a mesh of reticular fibers.
This is desirable because it gives immune cells more time to sample the lymphatic fluid and identify any antigens or pathogens that may be present. The slower flow also allows the immune cells to interact more effectively with the antigens or pathogens, helping to build a more effective immune response.Because there are fewer efferent than afferent vessels in each lymph node, the lymph flow inside the node is somewhat stagnant. Plasma cells, which release antibodies, are created when B cells develop. Proteins called antibodies bind to a particular antigen and signal it for eradication.
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Food poisoning can sometimes result from ingestion of the bacteria salmonella in meats and eggs. When salmonella is ingested, it multiplies in the lumen of the gut, where it can lead to inflammation of the gut lining and symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Occasionally, the bacteria enter the bloodstream. The route the bacteria take to get to the bloodstream is:
Food poisoning caused by Salmonella in meats and eggs can result in the bacteria multiplying in the lumen of the gut, leading to inflammation of the gut lining and symptoms like diarrhea and abdominal cramps. In some cases, the bacteria can enter the bloodstream, which can result in more severe symptoms and complications.
The route the Salmonella bacteria take to enter the bloodstream is through the intestinal wall. Salmonella bacteria are able to penetrate the intestinal epithelium, which is the lining of the gut, by using a type of secretion system called a type III secretion system (T3SS). Once the bacteria have penetrated the epithelium, they can enter the bloodstream and spread to other parts of the body, causing systemic infections.
It is important to note that not all cases of Salmonella infection result in the bacteria entering the bloodstream. In many cases, the bacteria remain confined to the gut and are eliminated through fecal excretion. However, in cases where the bacteria do enter the bloodstream, prompt medical attention is necessary to prevent serious complications.
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which one of the following is the highest level of environmental organzation?
Answer:
Biosphere
Explanation:
The biosphere is defined as the totality of all living things on Earth and inclues the atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere, and cryosphere.
Question 2 of 15
blank is stored in a fossil fuel, and released in the form of kinetic energy when
burned.
Chemical energy is stored in a fossil fuel and released in the form of kinetic energy when burned.
Fossil fuels, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, are derived from the remains of ancient plants and organisms that were subjected to high pressure and heat over millions of years.
These fuels contain energy-rich hydrocarbon compounds, primarily made up of carbon and hydrogen atoms. When fossil fuels are burned, the combustion process breaks down these hydrocarbons, releasing stored chemical energy.
This energy is then converted into heat and kinetic energy, resulting in the production of heat, light, and mechanical energy, which can be harnessed for various purposes, such as generating electricity or powering vehicles.
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t is tall while t is short. which individual genotype guarantees all tall offspring. explain your answer.
The genotype "Tt" guarantees all tall offspring.
The genotype "Tt" guarantees all tall offspring because it represents a heterozygous condition for the gene controlling height. In this case, "T" represents the dominant allele for tallness, and "t" represents the recessive allele for shortness. Since the dominant allele masks the expression of the recessive allele, having at least one "T" allele ensures that the individual will exhibit the tall phenotype. When two individuals with the "Tt" genotype reproduce, they can only pass on the "T" allele to their offspring, resulting in all offspring being tall.
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I need help please I wanna pass this class
Answer:
Explanation:
Answer: I mean the instructions are pretty clear and you still ask for help?
homeostasis is a state in which question 70select one: a. vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level. b. vital functions of the body decrease. c. some body functions increase while others decrease. d. vital functions of the body increase.
Homeostasis is a state in which (A) vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level. It ensures a stable internal environment, allowing the body to function optimally.
Homeostasis is a state in which vital functions of the body are maintained at a normal level. This involves a complex system of feedback mechanisms and control systems that work together to keep various physiological parameters within a narrow range. These parameters can include things like body temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, and levels of various hormones and nutrients in the blood.
The body uses a variety of mechanisms to maintain homeostasis, such as sweating to regulate body temperature, releasing hormones to regulate blood sugar levels, and adjusting breathing rate to regulate oxygen levels in the blood. Overall, homeostasis is critical for the proper functioning of the body, and any disruption to this delicate balance can lead to health problems and disease.
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Which occurs when the body responds to the environment by maintaining a stable internal environment despite changing
external conditions
Answer:
Homeostasis
Explanation:
it's the ability to have stability
What is in blood that makes the different blood types ?
A) The type of enzyme(s) on the surface of the blood cell
B) The type of DNA inside
C) The chemical makeup of the blood molecule
D) The shape of the blood cell
in guinea pigs, black color is dominant. when two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed, the probability of producing a white guinea pig is? group of answer choices
In guinea pigs, black color is dominant over white color, which means that if an individual has even one copy of the black allele, it will express black color.
If two heterozygous black guinea pigs (Bb) are crossed, their possible genotypes of offspring would be BB, Bb, and bb. Among these three possible genotypes, only the homozygous recessive (bb) genotype would express white color. The probability of producing a white guinea pig would be 25% or 1/4 of the offspring because the Punnett square would show that 1 out of 4 offspring is expected to inherit two recessive alleles (bb) from both parents. Therefore, the probability of producing a white guinea pig when two heterozygous black guinea pigs are crossed is 25%.
In a cross between two heterozygous black guinea pigs, the probability of producing a white guinea pig is 25%. This is because, in this scenario, both guinea pigs have the genotype Bb, where B represents the dominant black color allele and b represents the recessive white color allele.
When these guinea pigs are crossed, the possible combinations of alleles in their offspring are BB, Bb, bB, and bb. The white color phenotype occurs only when the offspring has the homozygous recessive genotype (bb). Since there is one bb genotype out of the four possible combinations, the probability of producing a white guinea pig is 1/4, or 25%.
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4)
The diagram shows the results of DNA electrophoresis for four related species.
Species W Species X Speces Y Spacess 2
| | ||
II L
A
B
C
D
IIF
According to the diagram, the DNA digest of which species contained the smallest piece?
|| |
Species W
Species X
Species Y
Species Z
050 mg
a) What is DNA Electrophoresis used for?
b) Rewrite the question in your own words. What are they really asking?
c) What is the correct answer and WHY? (you will not get credit without an
explanation)
The question can be rewritten as:
What is the species with the smallest DNA fragment in the given diagram of DNA electrophoresis for four related species?What is DNA Electrophoresis used for?DNA Electrophoresis is a laboratory technique used to separate and analyze DNA molecules based on their size and charge.
According to the given diagram, the DNA digest of "Species Y" contained the smallest piece.
This is because the fragment corresponding to "Species Y" has migrated the furthest towards the bottom of the gel, indicating that it is the smallest in size.
The distance that each fragment has migrated is directly proportional to its size, so the fragment that migrated the furthest must be the smallest.
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my learnings about fossil fuels are
Answer:
oil
coal
natural gas are the fossil fuels
What is science and how does it affect our lives?
Answer:
Science is the study of the natural world through observation and experiment.
It affects our lives because it allowed technology, medicine, and education.
A flock of geese flew South for 300 miles. It took them 2
hours to complete that 300 mile trip. What is the
velocity of the flock of geese?
Answer:
150 miles per hour
Explanation:
just divide 300 by 2 and you will get the answer
WHAT IS EUKARYOTIC CELL ? PLZ HELP !
Answer:
A Eukaryotic Cell is a cell that has membrane-bound organelles.
I hope this helps!
Answer:
A eukaryotic cell is a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus.
Explanation:
Also, there are things that eukaryotic cells have that prokaryotic cells do not have, but that is another thing. :)
Here is a breakdown:
Prokaryotic- unicellular organism (one cell organism)
nucleus not presentEukaryotic- multicellular organism (multiple cells)
usually found in animals, fungi, and more!Hope this helps!
The purpose of the microvilli in the small intestine is to _______________. MULTIPLE CHOICE.
A. increase friction
B. propel chyme along the digestive tract
C. aid in locomotion
D. increase surface area
Answer: D. increase surface area
Explanation:
Microvilli are hairs that aid in absorption of nutrients. In the small intestine, these cells contain microvilli, which are tiny hair-like projections that increase nutrient absorption. These projections increase the surface area of the small intestine allowing more area for nutrients to be absorbed.Answer:
D
Explanation:
With more surface area food can be broken down faster
What is the electron configuration of the element in group 13 and period 3 of the periodic table?.
Part C-Answer true or false:
a. If a plant cell is placed in a salt solution, the central vacuole will shrink
b. If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, it will shrink
c. If a plant cell is placed in distilled water, the cell membrane will move away from the cell wall
d. If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution, the salt will enter the cells, giving them a strange appearance
What happens during G₁ phase?
During G1 phase, the cell grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein that are required for DNA synthesis. Once the required proteins and growth are complete, the cell enters the next phase of the cell cycle, S phase. The duration of each phase, including the G1 phase, is different in many different types of cells.
to begin with in G1 segment, the cellular grows bodily and will increase the volume of each protein and organelles. In S phase, the mobile copies its DNA to supply two sister chromatids and replicates its nucleosomes. subsequently, G2 section entails similarly cellular boom and business enterprise of cellular contents.
G1 - segment is likewise called anaphase, as in the course of this section the cellular shops ATP for cellular department.
The G1 phase is frequently referred to as the increase phase, due to the fact this is the time in which a cell grows. in the course of this phase, the cellular synthesizes diverse enzymes and vitamins which can be wished later on for DNA replication and cellular department.
G1 section collectively with the S phase and G2 section comprise the long increase period of the cell cycle cell department referred to as interphase that takes region before cellular department in mitosis (M phase). all through G1 segment, the cellular grows in size and synthesizes mRNA and protein which are required for DNA synthesis.
In G1, cells accomplish most in their growth; they get larger in size and make proteins and organelles wanted for regular functions of DNA synthesis. here, proteins and RNAs are synthesized, and, extra in particular the centromere and the alternative components of the centrosomes are made.
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The small intestine receives food from the _____.
rectum
large intestine
stomach
liver