describe lipid digestion and absorption including the role of bile, pancreatic lipase, colipase, cholesterol esterase, phospholipase a2, cck, secretin, and micelles.

Answers

Answer 1

Lipid digestion is described as the digestive process first needs to break down those large droplets of fat into smaller droplets using lipases and the breakdown of dietary fat in the intestine's lumen precedes enterocytes' absorption of the hydrolyzed products, which is how lipids absorption takes place.

Roles of:

Bile: Fats are emulsified by bile, which means that it breaks them up into tiny droplets that float in the watery digestive tract contents.

Lipase: You can break down dietary fat with the help of lipase and bile, which your liver makes.

Collipase: For intestinal fat digestion, colipase acts as a protein cofactor for pancreatic lipase.

Cholesterol: The hydrolysis of cholesterol esters into cholesterol is catalyzed by the crucial steroidal enzyme known as cholesterol esterase.

Phospholipase: Enzymes called phospholipases play a crucial role in regulating the release of lipid mediator precursors.

CCK: Cholecystokinin (CCK), which is released in response to lipid feeding necessary for nutrient absorption.

Micelles: Because the micelles are water-soluble, the lipid digestion products can be transported to the surface of the small intestine for absorption.

Secretin: secretin, which is released from S cells in response to acid and dietary lipids, regulates.

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Related Questions

Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS)? Eccentric Concentric Isometric Isotonic

Answers

Microtearing that occurs during which muscle action is responsible for delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) involves eccentric activities.

What are Eccentric activities?

This activities involve the lengthening of the muscles during certain activities such as lowering into the bottom of a pushup etc.

This activities are usually slow which causes microtearing and delayed onset muscle soreness in individuals.

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imagine that a colleague asks you to align a conserved metabolic protein-coding gene sequence from a dog to its human homolog. which sequence type - dna or protein - would you expect to exhibit the highest percentage of identities? why?

Answers

Protein would show the highest degree of identity because protein is a functional unit of any gene so if nature to conserve the functionality of the gene then protein has to be more degree of identity across the species.

As we all know one amino acid coded by more than one codon (degenerate code) so the change in the DNA sequence of a particular gene may not be visible in the amino acid sequence of the protein. The degree of identity for DNA will be lesser as compared to protein in the evolutionarily conserved gene. Protein coding sequences are DNA sequences which might be transcribed into mRNA and wherein the corresponding mRNA molecules are translated right into a polypeptide chain.

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explain in your own words the two main steps in the process of joining two dna fragments together: a) annealing

Answers

This joining of single stranded DNA is called annealing. During the process known as ligation, two double stranded DNA sequences are joined together by DNA ligase. They are ligated by the formation of phosphodiester bonds.

Two nucleic acid fragments are joined by an enzyme during ligation. Molecular cloning of DNA requires the joining of DNA fragments to produce recombinant DNA molecules, which is a crucial laboratory process (such as when a foreign DNA fragment is inserted into a plasmid). Phosphodiester bonds are created between the 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-phosphoryl termini of two DNA segments to link their ends. The ligation of RNA is also possible. A co-factor, usually in the form of ATP or NAD+, is normally involved in the process. Bacteria have ATP-type ligases from eukaryotic cells that are NAD+-dependent.

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2. Which fiber is found only as a supplement or added to food?

lignin

Inulin

pecti

psylium

Answers

The fiber that is found only as a supplement or added to food is psyllium.

How are two organisms who descend from the same common ancestor related?
a.)geographically
b) slightly
c) distantly
d) closely

Answers

Answer:

d i think, Hope this helped.

Explanation:

Answer:D

Explanation:

Lab #4: Telescope Optics (continued) Page of 6 Telescopes that collect light use enses or mirrors modify the paths of light rys. Light rays entering transparent substance such as glass or plastic will bend in accordance with the law of refraction. Light rays falling upon reflectire substance such as polished aluminum will bounot accordance with the law of reflection: In thep procedures that follow, arrange the components in the Ray Optics Demonstration Set as shown_ measure the angles = of refraction and reflection, and make Rraph = illustrating the behavior of light rays in each case: The Law of Refraction INCIDENCE Center the protractor sheet the white magnetic board 1 shownn Note orientation of thezero degree index: Positian the reer Ray Box (LRB) so that only one enters the plastic LRB half round lens shown For the angles of incidence in 1 the table on page fOur, record angles retructin_ Then plot the points on the NOIjJYd:3U = graph using unfilled circles: INCIDENCk The Law of Reflection Center the prutractor sheet 1 on the white magnetic board a5 shown: Position the Laser Ray Box that only one ray falls upon the flat mirror Fhmint For the angles of LRB incidence in ethe table page fOur; record the angles of reflection: Then plot the L MIRROR mointe the graph using SIDE filled circles: Jto3 Inno more than = few AcenenGm compare what happens to the light ray rincreased In ench case: the angle ofincidence

Answers

Telescopes use lenses or mirrors to manipulate light paths. Transparent substances follow refraction, while reflective surfaces follow reflection.

Telescopes utilize optical components such as lenses or mirrors to manipulate the paths of light rays. When light rays pass through transparent substances like glass or plastic, they undergo a change in direction due to the phenomenon of refraction. This bending of light follows the law of refraction, which relates the angle of incidence to the angle of refraction.

On the other hand, when light rays encounter reflective surfaces like polished aluminum, they undergo reflection, obeying the law of reflection. The law of reflection states that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection, with both angles measured relative to the normal of the surface.

In the given lab instructions, the Ray Optics Demonstration Set is used to measure the angles of refraction and reflection and create a graph illustrating the behavior of light rays in each case. By comparing the angles of incidence and observing how they change with increased incidence, students can analyze the behavior of light rays in different optical configurations.

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A group of students was asked, "How many hours did you watch television last week?" Here are their responses. 11, 11, 9, 16, 16, 20 Find the median and mean number of hours for these students. If necessary, round your answers to the nearest tenth.

Answers

Explanation:

You can get median by ordering increasing or decreasing order and find the midium data if the no. of data is even then you will take the mean of the 2 data.

9 , 11 , 11 , 16 , 16 , 20

so no. of data is 6 which is even so take the mean(average) of 11 and 16 .

(11+6) / 2 = 8.5

So the median is 8.5

And the mean of the data is

Mean = (11 + 11 + 9 + 16 + 16 + 20)/2

Mean = 83/2 = 41.5

So the mean is 41.5

Is Shibuya City a marine or continental environment?

Answers

Answer:

Well, Shibuya City is located in the Tokyo Metropolis of Japan and since it is an urbanized area, it is an continental environment.

What are the SIX parts of a DNA molecule?\

Answers

Answer:

DNA is made up of six smaller molecules -- a five carbon sugar called deoxyribose, a phosphate molecule and four different nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine)

Explanation:

.

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the ______, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

Answers

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules comprise the Cytoskeleton, which is a network of proteins that provide a structural framework within the cell.

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules are components of what organelle?

The cytoskeleton is a group of organelles that includes intermediate filaments, microfilaments, and microtubules. The cytoskeleton is the cell's scaffolding and the primary structural supporter. The greatest component of the cytoskeleton are microtubules.Microtubules are the building blocks of cilia and flagella, and they also help the cell withstand compression and act as a pathway for vesicles to migrate throughout the cell. An extended family of related proteins that have similar structure and sequence characteristics make up intermediate filaments.

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Consider the following process. Fresh feed consisting of pure A enters the process and is fed to a reactor, where a portion of it reacts to form species B. The outlet stream of the reactor is fed into a separation unit, which allows a stream of pure A to be recycled back into the fresh feed stream. You may assume that the recycle stream contains pure species A, but you do not know whether the outlet stream of the separation unit contains pure species B SEPARATION UNIT REACTOR In light of the information given above, which of the following is definitely true? The single-pass conversion is 100 %. The overall conversion is greater than the single-pass conversion. The overall conversion is 100%. The overall conversion is less than 100% O O The overall conversion is less than the single-pass conversion. The single-pass conversion less than 100%.

Answers

In light of the information, the following statement is definitely true is the overall conversion is greater than the single-pass conversion (Option B).

A separation unit is used in the process described in the question. A stream of pure A can be recycled back into the fresh feed stream. The outlet stream of the reactor is fed into the separation unit which allows the pure A to be separated from the mixture. Therefore, it is clear that the recycle stream is pure A.

We know that a portion of pure A entering the reactor will form B. The outlet stream of the reactor is fed into the separation unit. This separation unit separates the formed B from the mixture and the pure A is recycled back. Therefore, we know that the mixture in the separation unit outlet stream only contains species B. Hence, the overall conversion is greater than the single-pass conversion.

Thus, the correct option is B.

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In the food web above, there are eight food chains that include krill. In the space provided, identify all of the organisms in the order in which they occur in four of these eight food chains.pls meaning of the question​

Answers

The organisms in the order of their food chains are:

Chain 1. Algae -> Krill -> Squid -> Leopard seal -> Killer whaleChain 2. Algae -> Krill -> Squid -> Crabeater sealChain 3. Algae -> Krill -> Adelie penguin -> Leopard sealChain 4. Algae -> Krill -> Cod -> Elephant seal -> Killer whaleWhat is a food chain?

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms that demonstrates how energy and nutrients flow from one species to another in an ecosystem. Each organism in the food chain is either a producer, consumer, or decomposer, and their relationships and dependencies determine the flow of energy and matter in the ecosystem.

An aquatic food chain is a series of organisms in a water-based ecosystem that are connected through the transfer of energy from one organism to another. The chain starts with primary producers, such as algae and phytoplankton, which convert sunlight into energy through photosynthesis. The ultimate top predator in the chain is called the apex predator, and is typically at the top of the food chain like killer whales. The food chain helps to maintain the balance of an aquatic ecosystem by regulating the populations of different species and distributing energy and nutrients throughout the ecosystem.

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The complete question is:

In the food web above, there are eight food chains that include krill. In the space provided, identify all of the organisms in the order in which they occur in four of these eight food chains. 1. Chain 1 2. Chain 2 3. Chain 3 4. Chain 4.

In the food web above, there are eight food chains that include krill. In the space provided, identify

(30 points!)
What is the relationship among DNA, a gene, and a chromosome?
A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA.

A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of protein.

A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of protein.

A gene is composed of DNA, but it has no relationship to a chromosome.
A gene contains hundreds of chromosomes, which are composed of DNA.

Answers

Answer:

A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA.

Explanation:

A chromosome contains hundreds of genes, which are composed of DNA because chromosomes are structures in the cell that contains long strand of genes and the genes are composed of DNA which are located in the cell nucleus.

The genes on chromosomes are arranged in sequence and these have different location within the cell.

Answer:

c

Explanation:

edge

what phase divides the cell

Answers

Answer:

mitosis

During the mitotic (M) phase, the cell divides its copied DNA and cytoplasm to make two new cells. M phase involves two distinct division-related processes: mitosis and cytokinesis.

Explanation:

the answer is mitotic phase

epidemiological studies are investigations carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers

Answers

"Epidemiological studies are investigations carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers" is True as the epidemiological studies are investigations that are carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers.

These studies aim to identify the cause and source of the disease or death, and to determine how it can be prevented or controlled. Epidemiological studies are typically conducted by public health professionals and involve collecting and analyzing data from a specific population.

The data is then used to make recommendations for preventing or controlling the spread of the disease or reducing the number of deaths.

Epidemiological studies are an important tool in the field of public health and are essential for preventing and controlling outbreaks of disease.

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Complete question:

"Epidemiological studies are investigations carried out when disease or death occurs in unexpected or unacceptable numbers" is the given statement is true or false?

Even though living things are made of carbon, carbon dioxide is poisonous to everything but plants. TRUE OR FALSE ?

Answers

Answer:

True, if inhaled in great amounts by other organisms

Explanation:

plants convert carbon dioxide into oxygen.

The fungi that cause human disease are known as mycoses and are typically divided into five groups according to _________.

Answers

The fungi that cause human disease, known as mycoses, are typically divided into five groups based on the site of infection. These groups include superficial mycoses, cutaneous mycoses, subcutaneous mycoses, systemic mycoses, and opportunistic mycoses.

Superficial mycoses are fungal infections that affect only the outermost layers of the skin, hair, or nails. They do not invade deeper tissues. Examples of superficial mycoses include ringworm and athlete's foot.

Cutaneous mycoses, on the other hand, penetrate into the epidermis, the outer layer of the skin, and sometimes into the hair and nails. These infections can cause itching, redness, and scaling. Common examples of cutaneous mycoses include yeast infections and nail fungal infections.

Subcutaneous mycoses occur when fungi enter the subcutaneous tissue, the layer of tissue just below the skin. These infections can result from traumatic implantation or as a result of fungal spores entering the body through puncture wounds or insect bites.

Systemic mycoses are infections that spread throughout the body, affecting multiple organs. They usually occur in individuals with weakened immune systems. Examples include histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis.

Opportunistic mycoses are fungal infections that take advantage of a weakened immune system. These infections are caused by fungi that are normally harmless in healthy individuals. Candidiasis and aspergillosis are common opportunistic mycoses.

In summary, the classification of mycoses is based on the site of infection, including superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous, systemic, and opportunistic mycoses.

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Identify the major source of energy for living organisms.

Answers

The Sun is the major source of energy for living organisms.

Sun is the ultimate source of energy on earth for living organisms because by photosynthesis it makes food.

How energy is obtained from the sun?

Organic matter is created when carbon dioxide and water are combined by producers like plants and algae to provide food energy. Almost all food webs start to transmit energy through this method.

By devouring the plants, the other organism receives the nourishment that is stored in the plants, Photosynthesis needs sunlight.

The production of glucose and oxygen from the reaction of carbon dioxide and water is powered by sunlight. As a result, solar energy is regarded as the most reliable source of power.

Therefore for photosynthetic organism sun is the major source of energy.

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Which of the following energy transformation occur when humans use energy from food to exercise?

Answers

Answer:

Chemical energy from food molecules (potential energy) may also be transformed to mechanical energy (kinetic energy) when the body moves. In every energy transformation, some energy is given off as heat. This is why the body warms up during different activities like exercising, lifting weights, and even digestion!

Explanation:

What is difference between Caput Succedaneum and Cephalohematoma ?

Answers

At birth, caput succedaneum typically manifests as swelling (edema) on the top of the scalp. This swelling does transcend suture lines, makes the scalp feel spongy, and begins to subside shortly after birth.

Which condition—a caput succedaneum or a cephalohematoma—is more serious?

Both illnesses include consequences, such as infection and jaundice, however cephalohematomas may have more severe side effects than caput succedaneum.

What results in cephalohematoma and caput succedaneum?

When a doctor uses a vacuum, forceps, or another device to quicken the birth of the baby, both caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma might result. Jaundice can potentially result from either illness.

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During splicing, which molecular component of the spliceosome catalyzes the excision reaction?

A. DNA
B. RNA
C. Protein
D. Lipid
E. Carbohydrate

Answers

The elimination reaction is triggered by the RNA molecule component of a spliceosome during splicing.

What is RNA and why is it important?

Most biological cells contain ribonucleic acid (RNA), a crucial biological macromolecule. It plays a major role in the production of proteins by acting as a messenger to DNA, which in turn carries the genetic instructions necessary for the growth and maintenance of life.

What is difference between RNA and DNA?

The double molecule with a lengthy chain of nucleotides is called DNA. The single-stranded molecule called RNA has a shorter nucleotide chain than other molecules. DNA is self-replicating; it reproduces itself. RNA cannot duplicate itself.

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can anyone help i struggle with biology :)
In fish and chip shops, potatoes are cut into chips several hours before they are cooked.
The mass of water in the chips must be kept constant.
To ensure this, the chips are kept in sodium chloride solution.
The drawing shows some apparatus and materials (Potato slices, tweezers, knife, test tubes, and some weighing scales)
Describe how you would use the apparatus and materials to find the concentration of sodium chloride in which to keep the chips so that the mass of water in the chips remains constant.
you must include: measurements, and how youd make it a fair test. 6 marks.

I dont neccessarily need a full answer, just some help!! thank you!!

Answers

It kept saying I was using swear words, so I had to take a screenshot instead twt

can anyone help i struggle with biology :)In fish and chip shops, potatoes are cut into chips several

How do the different types of mutations affect the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide?

Answers

Answer:

the mutation changes one codon for an amino acid into another codon for that same amino acid. ... Silent substitutions never alter the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The severity of the effect of missense and nonsense mutations on the polypeptide will differ on a case-by-case basis.

the biochemical property of lectins, that is the basis for most of their biological effects is their ability to bind to:

Answers

The biochemical property of lectins, which is the basis for most of their biological effects, is their ability to bind to specific carbohydrate structures. Lectins are a diverse group of proteins or glycoproteins that can recognize and bind to carbohydrates, specifically complex sugars or glycans, on the surface of cells .

The binding specificity of lectins allows them to interact with glycan structures present on various biological molecules, such as glycoproteins, glycolipids, and polysaccharides. Lectins can recognize and bind to specific sugar residues, such as glucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, and fucose, among others.

The binding interactions between lectins and carbohydrates are typically reversible and involve non-covalent forces, such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions.

It's worth noting that lectins are found in various sources, including plants, animals, and microorganisms, and they can exhibit different binding specificities and biological activities based on their structure and origin.

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a string passes over a smooth pulley and carries a 2kg mass at one end and a 3kg mass at the other . The acceleration of the masses is​

Answers

Answer:

You are hamdsome

Explanation:

You Have A Nice Day

20 is the answer. :)

what does it mean to say early Earth was abiotic? someone plz help​

Answers

Answer:

abiotic basically means NON LIVING (like water,soil, air)

so.. earlier like thousands of years back there was no life on earth thus it is said that earth was abiotic

but later on biosphere arrived through maybe cynobacteria...

The net primary production of a pine forest on a lava flow on mount fuji is about 175,000kcal/m2/yr, and the plant respiration is estimated to be 115,000kcal/m2/yr. What is the total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem?.

Answers

The total amount of energy transferred during photosynthesis for this ecosystem equals 260,000 kcal/m2/yr.

In order to respond to this question, we must be aware of Energy gathered and transformed into chemical energy throughout photosynthesis is known as gross primary productivity (GPP). Net primary productivity (NPP) is the product of gross primary output and respiration rate.

Therefore, we must add NPP to the respiration rate in order to determine GPP. If, then

NPP = 165,000 kcal/m2 per year

R = 9.5 kcal/m2/year

NPP equals GPP - respiration 

NPP equals GPP - respiration 

NPP=GPP-Respiration

Therefore,

NPP + R, therefore GPP.

NPP+R= GPP

GPP is equal to 95,000 kcal/m2/yr plus 165,000 kcal/m2/yr.

GPP = 260 kcal/m2/year

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Explain the interactions that take place in a tropical
rain forest by describing two or more food chains
that you would find there. Then show how these
food chains might be part of a larger food web.

Answers

Explanation:

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Tropical rainforests are complex ecosystems with a diverse array of organisms, and the interactions between these organisms are vital for the functioning of the ecosystem.

What is tropical rainforest?

A tropical rainforest is a dense forest found in areas with high annual rainfall and warm, humid climates.

Tropical rainforests are complex ecosystems with a diverse array of organisms, and interactions between these organisms are critical to the ecosystem's functioning.

Food chains, which depict the transfer of energy and nutrients from one organism to another, are one way to describe these interactions. Here are two examples of tropical rainforest food chains:

Insect food chain: Insects are abundant in tropical rainforests and serve as the foundation of many food chains. A food chain, for example, could begin with plant leaves, which are consumed by a caterpillar.

Fruit tree food chain: The fruit tree food chain is another important food chain in a tropical rainforest.

Thus, this interconnectedness is what makes tropical rainforests such diverse and fascinating ecosystems.

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What plant tissue is responsible for water transport?

Answers

Transport of water, nutrients, and photosynthates is by the structure of a plant's roots, stems, and leaves. The tissues causing this movement are the phloem and xylem.

From Marx's perspective, one of the ways that factory owners (the bourgeoisie) would control their workers (the proletariat) was through religion. This was done by _____. a) teaching the workers that they would reap their rewards in the afterlife. Ob) locking them in church unless they were on the assembly line. keeping them so busy with church activities they didn't have time to form a rebellion d) teaching them that they were entirely worthy of earthly pleasures.

Answers

The other options are not accurate representations of Marx's view on religion and its role in the oppression of the proletariat. option (a) is the correct answer.

From Marx's perspective, one of the ways that factory owners (the bourgeoisie) would control their workers (the proletariat) was by teaching them that they would reap their rewards in the afterlife. This was accomplished through the use of religion as an ideological tool to justify the existing social and economic order. By promoting the idea of a better life after death, the bourgeoisie were able to pacify the workers and prevent them from challenging the status quo. Additionally, religion could be used to promote a sense of submission and resignation among the workers, encouraging them to accept their lot in life and avoid taking action to improve their situation.

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Rhonda is 22 years old and would like to invest $2;000 into a U.S, Treasury Note earning 5.5% interest. How many times will Rhonda's investment double before she draws it out at age 70? Write an equation to match this scenario: Mark starts with $350 in his college fund and adds $25 per month.A. y = 25x + 350B. y = 375xC. y = 25x - 350D. None of the above Weathering and erosion caused by glaciers: Acid Rain Glaciation Earthquakes A.acid rain B.glaciation C.earthquakes A farmer has 600 m of fence to enclose a rectangular field that backs onto a straight section of the Nith River (fencing is only required on three sides). For practical reasons, the length of each side should not be less than 50 m. A diagram shows the geometry of the field. a) Write an expression for the area of the field. b) Write an expression for the perimeter of the field. c) Write the interval to which x is restricted. 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