define psychological and physical abuse in drugs

Answer: the mole

Explanation:

The mole is the unit of amount in Chemistry.

It provides a bridge between the atom and the macroscopic amounts of material that we work with in the laboratory.

Answer: It will be C. neutron.

Explanation:

The standard entropy change for the dissolution of caf2 in water at 298 K is 56.11 kJ.

Entropy is the total amount of energy that is not available to do a work.

The reaction is

CaF₂(s) → CaF₂(aq)

S° of CaF₂(s) = 68.87 J/K•mol

S° of CaF₂(aq) = –80.8 J/K•mol

ΔH°f of CaF₂(s) = –1219.6 kJ/mol

ΔH°f of CaF₂(aq) = –1208.09 kJ/mol

(– 80.8 ) – ( 68.87 )

= –149.67 J/K

(–1208.09) – (–1219.6) = 11.51 kJ

(11. 51 J) – (298 K) (–149.67 J/K) = 56112 J

= 56.11 kJ

Thus, the standard entropy change for the dissolution of caf2 in water at 298 K is 56.11 kJ

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The balanced equation is \(\text{CH}_{4}+2\text{O}_{2} \longrightarrow \text{CO}_{2}+2\text{H}_{2}\text{O}\).

The correct balanced chemical equation is CH₄ +  2 O₂\(\rightarrow\) CO₂ + 2 H₂O.

Chemical equation is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction which is written in the form of symbols and chemical formulas.The reactants are present on the left hand side while the products are present on the right hand side.

A plus sign is present between reactants and products if they are more than one in any case and an arrow is present pointing towards the product side which indicates the direction of the reaction .There are coefficients present next to the chemical symbols and formulas .

The first chemical equation was put forth by Jean Beguin in 1615.By making use of chemical equations the direction of reaction ,state of reactants and products can be stated. In the chemical equations even the temperature to be maintained and catalyst can be mentioned.

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Air would be the most likely candidate for the can with the greatest change in temperature

Recall that the change in the heat capacity would be related to the heat capacity.

Since it has a relatively low specific heat capacity compared to the other options listed (iron filings, water, and sand). However, it's important to note that this is a simplified explanation and there may be other factors at play depending on the specific conditions of the experiment.

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Answer:

nope homogeneous

Explanation:

hope this helps :)

Answer:

SOLUTIONS are homogeneous mixtures. A solution is a mixture of two or more substances in a single phase.

Answer:

A. Bromine (Br)

Explanation:

Answer:

3.96 x 1024 molecules

1 mole is equal to 6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules. 39.57 × 10 ²³ molecules are there in 230 grams of NH₄OH.

The term molar mass is defined as the mass in grams of one mole of a substance. It is represented by the symbol "M".

The mass (in grams) of one mole of a substance is known as its molar mass. You can calculate an element's molar mass by taking its atomic mass and multiplying it by the conversion factor grams per mole (g/mol).

The molar mass of NH₄OH is 35g/mol

1 mole = 35 grams

1 mole = 6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules

35 grams =  6.023 × 10 ²³ molecules

230 grams = ?

Number of molecules = weight / molar mass × 6.023 × 10 ²³

= 230 / 35 × 6.023 × 10 ²³

= 6.57 × 6.023 × 10 ²³

= 39.57 × 10 ²³ molecules

Thus, 39.57 × 10 ²³ molecules are there in 230 grams of NH₄OH.

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Answer:

d cell membrane:)

Explanation:

A) Out of the given options, Pyruvate is the compound that is not a component of the citric acid cycle.

The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, is a central metabolic pathway that occurs in the mitochondria of cells. It is responsible for the oxidation of acetyl-CoA derived from various fuel sources, generating energy in the form of ATP and producing NADH and FADH2.

Pyruvate, which is a product of glycolysis, serves as the starting point for the citric acid cycle. It enters the cycle by being converted into acetyl-CoA through a series of enzymatic reactions.

On the other hand, the compounds α-Ketoglutarate, Succinate, and Malate are all intermediates of the citric acid cycle. They are involved in various steps of the cycle, participating in the generation and transfer of energy-rich electrons and the production of ATP and reduced coenzymes.

Therefore, out of the given options, Pyruvate is the compound that is not a component of the citric acid cycle.

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Unburned carbon produced during the inefficient burning of coal is called soot. It is a black, powdery substance composed mainly of carbon particles that are not fully combusted during the combustion process.

When coal is burned inefficiently, incomplete combustion occurs, leading to the formation of unburned carbon. This unburned carbon, commonly known as soot or carbon black, is primarily composed of fine carbon particles. Soot is produced when the combustion conditions are insufficient to completely break down the carbon-based compounds present in coal into carbon dioxide (CO2). Instead, the carbon atoms bond together, forming black, powdery particles. These particles are released into the atmosphere as emissions and contribute to air pollution. Soot can have detrimental effects on human health and the environment and is a key component of particulate matter, a significant air pollutant.

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decay rate of approximately 1.69x10^17 Bq (becquerels),

The decay rate of a radioactive sample is determined by the number  of radioactive atoms present and the decay constant, which represents the probability of decay per unit of time.

To calculate the decay rate, we multiply the number of atoms in the sample by the decay constant. In this case, the sample has 8.31x10^17 atoms and a decay constant of 0.203/s. Multiplying these values gives a decay rate of approximately 1.69x10^17 Bq (becquerels), which represents the number of decays per second in the sample.

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The word "however" from the passage from Sue Macy's book Wheels of Change denotes a shift in strategy. As a result, Option D is the appropriate statement.

What does Wheels of Change's theme entail?

The narrative "Wheels of Change" has as its central message that you should no longer be frightened to speak up for yourself and other people. This was demonstrated as girls' racing gained popularity.

Cycling has gotten more violent, and males have developed a strong concern about girls getting their rights. The Springfield Bicycle Club was established in 1881. While giving back to the community, Wheels of Change empowers citizens, boosts self-esteem, AND offers worthwhile transitional work. For $13/hour, Wheels of Change offers temporary jobs to people staying at the Temporary Bridge Shelter program run by Alpha Project.

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The reagent that can be used to accomplish the given reaction is POCl3 .The given chemical reaction is:H2SO4 + H2O + POCl3 → H3PO4 + 2HCl + SO2H2SO4: Sulphuric acid is a strong dibasic acid with the chemical formula H2SO4.

It is used as a dehydrating agent because of its strong oxidizing property. It is also used in the manufacturing of various chemicals, including detergents, fertilizers, and dyes. It is also used in the oil refining industry to remove impurities. H2SO4 is a colorless, odorless, viscous liquid that is highly corrosive. H2O: Water is a clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for all forms of life.

It is the most abundant substance on earth and is vital for various industrial processes. PCl3: Phosphorus trichloride is a colorless, fuming, and highly reactive liquid. It is used in the manufacturing of pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a chlorinating agent.SOCl2: Thionyl chloride is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent in the manufacturing of pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the preparation of various organic compounds. KOH: Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound that is used in the manufacturing of soaps and detergents.

It is also used as a cleaning agent and in the manufacturing of various chemicals such as potassium permanganate. POCl3: Phosphorus oxychloride is a colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It is used as a chlorinating agent in the manufacturing of various chemicals such as pesticides, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used in the purification of metals.As per the given reaction, the reagent POCl3 can be used to accomplish the reaction.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Their role is to compose proteins. Amino acids have many biologically important functions. They are also energy metabolites,many of them are essential nutrients. Amino acids can  function as chemical messengers in communication between cells.

Answer:

well Aside from their role in composing proteins, amino acids have many biologically important functions. They are also energy metabolites, and many of them are essential nutrients. Amino acids can often function as chemical messengers in communication between cells.

Explanation:

this should be the answer

Answer:

If the protons in the atom outnumber the  electrons, the isotope has more positive charges than negative charges but If the number of electrons exceeds the number of protons, the ion charge will be negative.

Explanation:

The charge of an isotope is defined by how many more protons there are than electrons.

Or the other way around.

For example if there are 4 protons and 2 electrons, the ion charge is +2 because there are more protons.

If there are 4 electrons and 2 protons, the ion charge is -2 because there are more electrons.

Arsenic, hydraulic fracturing, lead, and PFAS present chemical threats to global drinking water supplies in different ways.

Let's discuss each of them in detail:

(a) Arsenic - The origin of arsenic exposure is natural deposits or contamination from agricultural or industrial practices. Human health consequences include skin, lung, liver, and bladder cancers. It can also lead to cardiovascular diseases, skin lesions, and neurodevelopmental effects. Drivers of continued exposure include poor regulation and monitoring. Modern solutions include rainwater harvesting and treatment.

(b) Hydraulic fracturing - Hydraulic fracturing involves using a mixture of chemicals, water, and sand to extract natural gas and oil from shale rock formations. The origin of exposure is contaminated surface and groundwater due to the release of chemicals from fracking fluids and other sources. Human health consequences include skin, eye, and respiratory irritation, headaches, dizziness, and reproductive and developmental problems. Drivers of continued exposure include lack of regulation and poor oversight. Modern solutions include alternative energy sources and regulation of the industry.

(c) Lead - Lead contamination in drinking water can occur due to corrosion of plumbing materials. Human health consequences include neurological damage, developmental delays, anemia, and hypertension. Drivers of continued exposure include aging infrastructure and poor maintenance. Modern solutions include replacing lead service lines, testing for lead levels, and implementing corrosion control.

(d) PFAS - PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are human-made chemicals used in a variety of consumer and industrial products. They can enter the water supply through wastewater discharges, firefighting foams, and other sources. Human health consequences include developmental effects, immune system damage, cancer, and thyroid hormone disruption. Drivers of continued exposure include the continued use of PFAS in consumer and industrial products. Modern solutions include reducing the use of PFAS in products and treatment methods such as granular activated carbon.

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The equilibrium constant for the reaction is 1.4 x 10⁻⁴.

The equilibrium constant for the reaction H₂S(aq) + ZnS(s) ↔ 2HS⁻(aq) + Zn²⁺(aq) can be calculated using the acid dissociation constants for H2S and the solubility product constant for ZnS.

To solve for Kc, we need to know the concentrations of the species at equilibrium. However, we are not given this information. We can use the acid dissociation constants to determine the concentration of H2S and HS^- at equilibrium assuming that both acid dissociations occur.

Plugging these concentrations into the equilibrium expression and simplifying, we get:

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The equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction is 11.25. This value indicates that the reaction favors the formation of products (HCl and Br2) at equilibrium.

To calculate the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the given reaction, you'll first need the equilibrium concentrations of all the reactants and products involved. The balanced reaction is:

2HBr(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2HCl(g) + Br2(g)

Assuming you have these equilibrium concentrations, you can use the formula for Kc:

Kc = [HCl]^2 * [Br2] / ([HBr]^2 * [Cl2])

Here, the brackets represent the equilibrium concentrations of the respective species. Since the stoichiometric coefficients are 2 for HBr and HCl, their concentrations are squared in the equation.

For example, if the equilibrium concentrations were as follows:

[HBr] = 0.1 M
[Cl2] = 0.05 M
[HCl] = 0.15 M
[Br2] = 0.025 M

Plug these values into the Kc formula:

Kc = (0.15^2 * 0.025) / (0.1^2 * 0.05) = 0.005625 / 0.0005 = 11.25

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Using the given mass of the compound (0.520 g) and the calculated moles, we can determine the molar mass of the compound.

To find the molar mass of the compound, we can use the formula:

ΔT = Kf * m

where ΔT is the freezing point depression, Kf is the cryoscopic constant (in this case, 3.90 °C/m), and m is the molality of the solution.

First, we need to calculate the molality (m) of the solution:

m = moles of solute / mass of solvent (in kg)

The mass of the solvent (lauric acid) is given as 4.62 g. Since the unknown compound is a solute, we need to convert its mass to moles:

moles = mass / molar mass

Given that the mass of the unknown compound is 0.520 g, we can now calculate the moles of the compound.

Next, we convert the mass of the solvent to kg by dividing by 1000:

mass of solvent (lauric acid) = 4.62 g / 1000 = 0.00462 kg

Now we can calculate the molality:

m = moles of solute / mass of solvent = (moles of the compound) / (mass of solvent)

Finally, we can use the freezing point depression formula to find the molar mass of the compound:

ΔT = Kf * m

Substituting the given values:

4.20 °C = 3.90 °C/m * m

Now solve for m:

m = (4.20 °C) / (3.90 °C/m)

Once we have the molality, we can calculate the moles of the compound:

moles = molality * mass of solvent (in kg)

Finally, we calculate the molar mass:

molar mass = mass of solute / moles of solute

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The reaction has not yet started, and the time required for 16.8% of the reactant to remain cannot be calculated using the given rate constant.

Given,The rate constant for this first-order reaction is 0.0830 s−1 at 400 ∘C.A⟶products After how many seconds will 16.8% of the reactant remain-The time taken for a first-order reaction to reach a particular percentage of completion can be calculated using the following formula:t = (ln(A/A₀))/kwhere A₀ is the initial concentration of the reactant, A is the concentration of the reactant at a given time, k is the rate constant, and t is the time elapsed since the reaction began.In this question, we are given the rate constant, k = 0.0830 s−1 at 400 ∘C, and we want to find out the time required for 16.8% of the reactant to remain.Let's assume that the initial concentration of the reactant is 100 units (we can assume any value as it does not affect the percentage of completion).Therefore, the concentration of the reactant remaining after 16.8% of completion would be: A = 16.8 units.Substituting these values in the above formula, we get:t = (ln(16.8/100))/0.0830t = (−1.7918)/0.0830t = −21.58 sThis time value is negative, which means that the reaction has not even started yet. Therefore, we need to check the given percentage of completion.

If it is less than 50%, we can assume that the reaction has not yet started. In this case, the percentage of completion is 16.8%, which is less than 50%.

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Antimarkkorvnikov product is formed when HBr addition occurs to the double bond in the presence of photochemical conditions, and the products formed will be diastereomers.

In the addition reaction, step one is the homolytic cleavage of the HBr Bond which forms the H radical and Bromine radical also the alkene will form a bond with the bromine radical and forms a tertiary radical and then the tertiary radical forms a bond with hydrogen radical and forms the two products with different configurations and these products are Diastereomers since one product have S and R and another product has S S Configuration.

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If N2 was increased at constant pressure in a reaction at equilibrium the reaction will move to the right and will reduce the other reactant.

At the equilibrium state of a reaction we see that if you increase the concentration of reactants for instance in this case where the concentration of N2 was increased at constant pressure, the reaction will move to the right and in turn to reduce the amount of its composite reactant.

In conclusion, if the concentration of N2 was increased at constant pressure will reduce the other reactant, say H2 was reacting with it

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Answer:

Explanation:

Answer:

AgNO and NaNO + AgCI

Explanation:

Because 10 mol of NaCI is AgNO!

Answer:

20 atoms total

Explanation:

N (3) + H (12) + P (1) + O(4) = 20 atoms

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

It is a common observation that a strip of aluminium metal in aqueous copper(II)Sulfate does not show any visible reaction. Aluminium is normally expected to displace copper in solution since it is higher than copper in the electrochemical series.

The reason for this is that aluminium forms an oxide film around its surface which prevents reaction with aqueous copper(II)Sulfate. This oxides film protects the aluminium surface such that it is now unable to react with the aqueous copper(II)Sulfate