Consider a hybrid system where your computer has two CPUs.
- 1st CPU follows the SJF scheduling algorithm.
- 2nd CPU follows the RR algorithm for the processes having priority greater than 1.
Assume that, each process has process id, process arrival time, process burst time and priority.
Now calculate the WT, CT, AWT, ATAT of the hybrid system using C++.
Share code and show output.
***Filename must be 2018200010061***
Answers
We can use a combination of the SJF (Shortest Job First) and RR (Round Robin) scheduling algorithms. The output will be the WT, CT, AWT, and ATAT for the given processes.
To calculate the WT (waiting time), CT (completion time), AWT (average waiting time), and ATAT (average turnaround time) of the hybrid system with two CPUs, we can use a combination of the SJF (Shortest Job First) and RR (Round Robin) scheduling algorithms. Here's an example implementation in C++:
cpp
Copy code
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
// Structure to represent a process
struct Process {
int id;
int arrivalTime;
int burstTime;
int priority;
};
// Function to calculate WT, CT, AWT, and ATAT
void calculateMetrics(std::vector<Process>& processes) {
int n = processes.size();
// Sort processes based on arrival time
std::sort(processes.begin(), processes.end(), [](const Process& p1, const Process& p2) {
return p1.arrivalTime < p2.arrivalTime;
});
std::vector<int> remainingTime(n, 0); // Remaining burst time for each process
std::vector<int> waitingTime(n, 0); // Waiting time for each process
int currentTime = 0;
int completedProcesses = 0;
int timeQuantum = 2; // Time quantum for RR
while (completedProcesses < n) {
// Find the next process with the shortest burst time among the arrived processes
int shortestBurstIndex = -1;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
if (processes[i].arrivalTime <= currentTime && remainingTime[i] > 0) {
if (shortestBurstIndex == -1 || processes[i].burstTime < processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime) {
shortestBurstIndex = i;
}
}
}
if (shortestBurstIndex == -1) {
currentTime++; // No process available, move to the next time unit
continue;
}
// Execute the process using SJF
if (processes[shortestBurstIndex].priority > 1) {
int remainingBurstTime = remainingTime[shortestBurstIndex];
if (remainingBurstTime <= timeQuantum) {
currentTime += remainingBurstTime;
processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime = 0;
} else {
currentTime += timeQuantum;
processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime -= timeQuantum;
}
}
// Execute the process using RR
else {
if (remainingTime[shortestBurstIndex] <= timeQuantum) {
currentTime += remainingTime[shortestBurstIndex];
processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime = 0;
} else {
currentTime += timeQuantum;
processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime -= timeQuantum;
}
}
remainingTime[shortestBurstIndex] = processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime;
// Process completed
if (processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime == 0) {
completedProcesses++;
int turnAroundTime = currentTime - processes[shortestBurstIndex].arrivalTime;
waitingTime[shortestBurstIndex] = turnAroundTime - processes[shortestBurstIndex].burstTime;
}
}
// Calculate CT, AWT, and ATAT
int totalWT = 0;
int totalTAT = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
int turnaroundTime = processes[i].burstTime + waitingTime[i];
totalWT += waitingTime[i];
totalTAT += turnaroundTime;
}
float averageWT = static_cast<float>(totalWT) / n;
float averageTAT = static_cast<float>(totalTAT) / n;
std::cout << "WT: ";
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
std::cout << waitingTime[i] << " ";
}
std::cout << std::endl;
std::cout << "CT: " << currentTime << std::endl;
std::cout << "AWT: " << averageWT << std::endl;
std::cout << "ATAT: " << averageTAT << std::endl;
}
int main() {
std::vector<Process> processes = {
{1, 0, 6, 1},
{2, 1, 8, 2},
{3, 2, 4, 1},
{4, 3, 5, 2},
{5, 4, 7, 1}
};
calculateMetrics(processes);
return 0;
}
In this code, we define a Process structure to represent a process with its ID, arrival time, burst time, and priority. The calculate Metrics function performs the scheduling algorithm and calculates the WT, CT, AWT, and ATAT. It first sorts the processes based on their arrival time. Then, it uses a while loop to simulate the execution of the processes. Inside the loop, it checks for the next process with the shortest burst time among the arrived processes. If the process has a priority greater than 1, it executes it using the RR algorithm with the specified time quantum. Otherwise, it executes the process using the SJF algorithm. The function also calculates the waiting time for each process and updates the remaining burst time until all processes are completed. Finally, it calculates the CT, AWT, and ATAT based on the waiting time and burst time.
In the main function, we create a vector of Process objects with sample data and pass it to the calculateMetrics function. The output will be the WT, CT, AWT, and ATAT for the given processes. You can modify the input data to test the code with different sets of processes.
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Array Form
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It also goes further in replacing, deleting, or modifying the coarse data. All these internal processes are data hygiene that addresses data privacy.
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3 countries that do not produce a lot of emissions but are responsible for the emissions from the production of all the things they consume.
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Answer:
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3 countries that do not produce a lot of emissions but are responsible for the emissions from the production of all the things they consume are Switzerland, Costa Rica and Norway.
1. Switzerland: Switzerland has relatively low emissions due to its small population and advanced economy. This is largely due to its high energy efficiency and abundant hydropower resources. The country is highly urbanized and has strong regulations in place to promote sustainability. It also has some of the most stringent emissions goals in the world, such as the mandatory switching to non-emitting renewables, like wind and hydro, as the main source of electricity by 2050. Despite its small emissions, it is responsible for the emissions from the production of all the things it consumes, which can be attributed to its large, affluent population, making it a great example of a country reducing its emissions but remaining a major consumer.
2. Costa Rica: This Central American nation has a surprisingly low carbon footprint for both its size and economic standing. Costa Rica is committed to renewable energy production, with 98% of its electricity provided from green sources (mainly hydro and geothermal). Its vast national parks and protected areas also help to reduce emissions through their carbon sequestration capabilities. Despite its low direct emissions, Costa Rica is responsible for a large portion of the global emissions taken to provide it with the goods and services it consumes.
3. Norway: Norway has some of the world’s most ambitious carbon emission reduction goals. Thanks to its vast array of renewable energy sources, largely hydroelectric power and its focus on energy efficiency, Norway’s emissions are relatively low. This is despite the fact that it is one of the world’s richest countries, with a high standard of living. Its consumption-based emissions, however, are much higher, as the goods it imports to satisfy its population's needs are produced with much higher emissions than its domestic production. These emissions account for the majority of its contribution to the global emissions footprint.
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